Andreia Pelegrini

Dissatisfaction with body image among adolescent students: association with socio-demographic factors and nutritional status

This article seeks to determine the prevalence of dissatisfaction with body image and its association with socio-demographic factors and nutritional status among adolescents. The following socio-demographic data, anthropometric variables, and perception of body image (n = 660) were collected. The prevalence of dissatisfaction with body image was 71.4%. Girls wished to reduce the size of their body silhouette, whereas boys wished to increase it. The desire to reduce body size was positively associated with female gender, with increased waist circumference and with excess weight. On the other hand, the desire to increase body size was negatively associated with the female gender and waist circumference, and was positively associated with ages 16, 17 and 18 + 19 years. Dissatisfaction with body image is highly prevalent among adolescents, though it is manifested differently in boys and girls. Increased abdominal fat, excess weight and female gender were predictors of dissatisfaction due to excess weight, and male gender and advanced age were predictors of dissatisfaction due to thinness.

Translation and validation of the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) into Brazilian Portuguese

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to translate and validate the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) into Brazilian Portuguese. METHODS The translation/validation process was carried out through translation, back translation, technical review, assessment of verbal comprehension/clarity of the scale by experts and a focus group, test-retest, and application of the tool. The reproducibility analysis was performed by applying the PDSS in test-retest; internal consistency was verified by applying the scale in 90 children and adolescents. RESULTS The mean score of the sum of PDSS questions was 15.6 (SD=5.0) points. The PDSS showed appropriate indicators of content validation and clarity for the Brazilian Portuguese version. The internal consistency analysis showed a Cronbachs alpha of 0.784. The PDSS showed adequate reproducibility. The PDSS scores showed a significant and negative correlation with time spent in bed (r=-0.214; p=0.023). CONCLUSION The Brazilian Portuguese version of the PDSS shows satisfactory indicators of validity and can be applied in clinical practice and scientific research.

Sono e adolescência: quantas horas os adolescentes precisam dormir?

Objetivo Determinar a especificidade e a sensibilidade de uma medida para apontar o melhor ponto de corte para a duracao de sono como preditor da sonolencia diurna excessiva em adolescentes. Metodos Participaram do estudo 1.359 adolescentes, com idades de 14 a 21 anos, de duas cidades do sul do Brasil, que responderam a questionario de habitos de sono e sonolencia diurna. Utilizou-se a Receiver Operating Characteristic para estimar a capacidade preditiva da duracao de sono para a sonolencia diurna excessiva. Resultados A media de duracao do sono para os adolescentes com sonolencia diurna excessiva foi de 7,9 horas e para aqueles sem sonolencia diurna excessiva foi de 8,33 horas (p < 0,001). A prevalencia de sonolencia diurna excessiva foi de 35,7%. Foi observada correlacao significativa e negativa entre a duracao do sono e as idades analisadas (p < 0,001). A analise de Receiver Operating Characteristic indicou duracao minima de 8,33 horas como protecao para a sonolencia diurna excessiva. Conclusao Foi observada alta prevalencia de sonolencia diurna excessiva e propoe-se como possivel duracao de sono um minimo de 8,33 horas nos dias com aula para que os adolescentes evitem esse desfecho.

Anthropometric indicators of obesity in the prediction of high body fat in adolescents

OBJECTIVE: To determine the anthropometric indicators of obesity in the prediction of high body fat in adolescents from a Brazilian State. METHODS: The study included 1,197 adolescents (15-17 years old). The following anthropometric measurements were collected: body mass (weight and height), waist circumference and skinfolds (triceps and medial calf). The anthropometric indicators analyzed were: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and conicity index (C-Index). Body fat percentage, estimated by the Slaughter et al equation, was used as the reference method. Descriptive statistics, U Mann-Whitney test, and ROC curve were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Of the four anthropometric indicators studied, BMI, WHtR and WC had the largest areas under the ROC curve in relation to relative high body fat in both genders. The cutoffs for boys and girls, respectively, associated with high body fat were BMI 22.7 and 20.1kg/m², WHtR 0.43 and 0.41, WC 75.7 and 67.7cm and C-Index 1.12 and 1.06. CONCLUSIONS: Anthropometric indicators can be used in screening for identification of body fat in adolescents, because they are simple, have low cost and are non-invasive.

Aptidão cardiorrespiratória, indicadores sociodemográficos e estado nutricional em adolescentes

INTRODUCAO: niveis inadequados de aptidao cardiorrespiratoria na adolescencia estao inversamente associados a fatores de risco cardiovasculares e metabolicos.OBJETIVO: verificar a associacao da aptidao cardiorrespiratoria com indicadores sociodemograficos e o estado nutricional em adolescentes.METODOS: estudo transversal realizado em 627 adolescentes (361 mocas), com idades de 14 a 17 anos, de ambos os sexos em uma cidade de medio/baixo Indice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH). Foram coletadas as variaveis antropometricas (massa corporal - MC e estatura - EST) para a obtencao do indice de massa corporal (IMC=MCkg/ESTm2) e as informacoes sociodemograficas (idade, nivel economico e area de domicilio). Para analise da aptidao cardiorrespiratoria baixa (teste correr/caminhar 1.600 metros), considerou-se o tempo de realizacao do teste igual ou superior a 7:45 minutos (min) e 7:30 min para os rapazes de 14 e de 15 a 17 anos, respectivamente, e o tempo de 10:30 min para as mocas.RESULTADOS: a aptidao cardiorrespiratoria baixa foi verificada em 35,3% dos rapazes e 35,5% das mocas. Os rapazes pertencentes aos estratos economicos menos favorecidos (Classe C: RP=0,54; IC95%=0,31-0,93; Classe: D+E: RP=0,46; IC95%=0,22-0,98) estiveram menos expostos a baixos niveis de aptidao cardiorrespiratoria. Por outro lado, os rapazes que nasceram com baixo peso (RP=1,49; IC95%=1,04-2,13) e os rapazes e as mocas residentes na area urbana (rapazes: RP=1,79; IC95%=1,28-2,50; mocas: RP=1,32; IC95%=0,99-1,75) apresentaram maiores probabilidades de terem baixa aptidao cardiorrespiratoria.CONCLUSAO: os indicadores que apresentaram associacao com a aptidao cardiorrespiratoria baixa para os rapazes foram area de domicilio urbana e nivel economico intermediario e baixo. Para as mocas, o resultado associou-se somente com a area de domicilio. Sugerem-se intervencoes para a promocao da saude voltadas principalmente para os adolescentes residentes na area urbana e pertencentes aos estratos economicos mais abastados.Introduction: inadequate levels of cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescence are inversely associated with cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic disorders. Objective: to assess the association among cardiorespiratory fitness and sociodemographic indicators and nutritional status in adolescents. Methods: cross-sectional study carried out with 627 adolescents (361 girls), aged 14-17 years, of both sexes, living in a city of intermediate/low Human Development Index (HDI). Anthropometric variables (body mass BM and height HEI) were collected to obtain body mass index (BMI = BMkg/HEI m), as well as demographic data (age, socioeconomic status and area of residence). The analysis of low cardiorespiratory fitness (1600-meter run/walk test) considered the time for the completion of the test equal to or longer than 7:45 min and 7:30 min for boys aged 14 and 15 -17 years, respectively, and 10:30 min for girls. Results: low cardiorespiratory fitness was observed in 35.3% of boys and 35.5% of girls. Boys belonging to lower economic levels (Class C: RP=0.54, CI95%=0.31-0.93; Class D + E: RP=0.46, CI95%=0.22-0.98) were less exposed to low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness. On the other hand, boys with low birth weight (RP=1.49, CI95%=1.04-2.13) and boys and girls living in the urban area (boys: RP=1.79, CI95%=1.282.50; girls: RP=1.32, CI95%=0.99-1.75) were more likely to have low cardiorespiratory fitness. Conclusion: the indicators that were associated with low cardiorespiratory fitness for boys were living in the urban area and intermediate and low economic levels. For girls, the outcome was associated only with the area of residence. Interventions for health promotion primarily aimed at adolescents living in urban areas and belonging to higher economic levels should be implemented.

Prevalência e fatores associados à obesidade abdominal em adolescentes

Objective: To determine the prevalence of abdominal obesity in adolescents and its association with demographic, economic and lifestyle variables in adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 644 adolescents (397 girls and 247 boys) from 15 to 19 years old. Demographic (gender and age), economic (economic status), and lifestyle data (physical activity, diet, smoking, and alcohol consumption) were collected. Abdominal obesity (primary outcome) was evaluated based on the cut-off values for gender- and age-specific waist circumference. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression, estimating the unadjusted and adjusted Odds Ratios (OR) with a 95% confidence interval. Results: The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 7.5%. Boys (OR 2.34; 95%CI 1.27-4.32) of intermediate (OR 2.89; 95%CI 1.35-6.59) and high socioeconomic status (OR 2.98; 95%CI 1.31-6.77) who had an excessive consumption of alcohol (OR 2.12; 95%CI 1.10-4.09) presented the highest chance of abdominal obesity. Conclusions: The prevalence of abdominal obesity was low in the studied population compared to rates reported in international studies. Gender, economic status and excessive alcohol consumption were associated with abdominal obesity.

Prevalence of abdominal obesity and associated factors in adolescents

Objective: To determine the prevalence of abdominal obesity in adolescents and its association with demographic, economic and lifestyle variables in adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 644 adolescents (397 girls and 247 boys) from 15 to 19 years old. Demographic (gender and age), economic (economic status), and lifestyle data (physical activity, diet, smoking, and alcohol consumption) were collected. Abdominal obesity (primary outcome) was evaluated based on the cut-off values for gender- and age-specific waist circumference. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression, estimating the unadjusted and adjusted Odds Ratios (OR) with a 95% confidence interval. Results: The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 7.5%. Boys (OR 2.34; 95%CI 1.27-4.32) of intermediate (OR 2.89; 95%CI 1.35-6.59) and high socioeconomic status (OR 2.98; 95%CI 1.31-6.77) who had an excessive consumption of alcohol (OR 2.12; 95%CI 1.10-4.09) presented the highest chance of abdominal obesity. Conclusions: The prevalence of abdominal obesity was low in the studied population compared to rates reported in international studies. Gender, economic status and excessive alcohol consumption were associated with abdominal obesity.

Body weight perception and body weight control behaviors in adolescents

OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between the perception of body weight (as above or below the desired) and behaviors for body weight control in adolescents. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study that included 1051 adolescents (aged 15-19 years) who were high school students attending public schools. The authors collected information on the perception of body weight (dependent variable), weight control behaviors (initiative to change the weight, physical exercise, eating less or cutting calories, fasting for 24h, taking medications, vomiting, or taking laxatives), and measured body weight and height to calculate the body mass index and then classify the weight status. Associations were tested by multinomial logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Adolescents of both sexes who perceived their body weight as below the expected weight took more initiatives to gain weight, and those who perceived themselves as overweight made more efforts to lose weight. In adolescents who perceived themselves as overweight, the behavior of not taking medication was associated with the outcome only in boys (Odds Ratio=8.12), whereas in girls, an association was observed with the variables eating less, cutting calories, or avoiding fatty foods aiming to lose or avoid increasing body weight (Odds Ratio=3.39). Adolescents of both sexes who practiced exercises were more likely to perceive themselves as overweight (male Odds Ratio=2.00; Odds Ratio=1.93 female). CONCLUSION The perception of the body weight as above and below ones expected weight was associated with weight control behaviors, which were more likely to result in initiatives to lose and gain weight, respectively.Objective To investigate the association between the perception of body weight (as above or below the desired) and behaviors for body weight control in adolescents.

Factors associated with sleep duration in Brazilian high school students

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with short sleep duration on southern Brazilian high school students. Our study was comprised of 1,132 adolescents aged 14 to 19 years, enrolled in public high schools in São José, Brazil. The students answered a questionnaire about working (work and workload), health perception, smoking, school schedule, sleep (duration and daytime sleepiness), and socio-demographics data. The results showed that more than two thirds of adolescent workers had short sleep duration (76.7%), and those with a higher workload (more than 20 hours) had a shorter sleep duration (7.07 hours) compared to non-workers (7.83 hours). In the analysis of factors associated with short sleep duration, adolescents who worked (OR = 2.12, 95% CI 1.53 to 2.95) were more likely to have short sleep duration compared to those who did not work. In addition, older adolescents (17–19 years) and students with poor sleep quality were 40% and 55% more likely to have short sleep duration compared to younger adolescents (14–16 years) and students with good sleep quality, respectively. Adolescents with daytime sleepiness were more likely to have short sleep duration (OR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.07) compared to those without excessive daytime sleepiness. In addition students of the morning shift (OR = 6.02, 95% CI 4.23 to 8.57) and evening shift (OR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.45 to 3.22) were more likely to have short sleep duration compared to adolescents of the afternoon shift. Thereby adolescents who are workers, older, attended morning and evening classes and have excessive daytime sleepiness showed risk factors for short sleep duration. In this sense, it is pointed out the importance of raising awareness of these risk factors for short sleep duration of students from public schools from São José, located in southern Brazil.

Fatores associados à insatisfação com a imagem corporal em acadêmicos de Educação Física

Objective To investigate body image dissatisfaction in physical education college students and verify which factors are specifically associated to dissatisfaction with thinness and with overweight. Methods Participated 299 college students (173 men and 126 women) with mean age of 23.14 (4.93) years, of the baccalaureate and degree courses in Physical Education, from a public university of Florianopolis-SC. Through self-applied questionnaire, the academics answered sociodemographic questions, about body image (figure rating scale) and referred their body mass and stature measurements to compute body mass index. Results The prevalence of body image dissatisfaction was 76.6% (27.4% were dissatisfied with thinness and 49.0% with overweight), being higher in females (82.5%). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed association between dissatisfaction with thinness and the variables gender (male) and weight status (normal weight) and between dissatisfaction with overweight and the variables: gender (female), weight status (overweight) and course (degree). Conclusion It is necessary that undergraduate courses have contents aimed to the student health, addressing aspects related to eating behavior, obesity, body image and the implications that it can provide in a future teaching practice.