Edmilson Moutinho dos Santos

Gás natural: a construção de uma nova civilização

This paper discusses the role of natural gas in Brazil and in the world, suggesting that humanity is building up a kind of gas civilization. The text starts with a brief panorama of the international energy reality comparing several scenarios proposed by recognized institutions, and which try to describe possibilities for the future of energy in the planet. Such comparative analysis allows identifying the growing consumption of natural gas as a “strong energy trend” for the next 20 to 50 years. Then, the concept of gas civilization is introduced, presenting some elements that justify it. Then, the article offers a Brazilian perspective of the problem, starting

Concentração espacial da indústria de São Paulo: evidências sobre o papel da disponibilidade de gás natural

A utilizacao de gas natural tem ganhado grande espaco na matriz energetica brasileira, principalmente dentro do setor industrial. Para um conjunto de segmentos e processos industriais, a utilizacao de gas natural como energetico ou materia-prima envolve significativos ganhos dos pontos de vista ambiental, tecnico e economico. A hipotese motivadora deste trabalho esta relacionada ao potencial papel de indutor do desenvolvimento regional que a disponibilidade de energia possui. Foram definidas duas principais vias de analise: (i) a avaliacao do nivel de concentracao geografica (ou espacial) da industria, verificando-se a existencia de padroes distintos para a media da industria e um grupo de setores definidos como heavy users de gas natural (cerâmica, textil e quimica), e (ii) a avaliacao e mapeamento das correlacoes espaciais entre o emprego industrial (proxy da atividade industrial) e a presenca de gasodutos. Para o estado de Sao Paulo verificou-se que existe uma forte correlacao positiva entre a presenca de gasodutos de distribuicao de gas natural e o nivel de emprego para os segmentos heavy users, mesmo quando se consideram os efeitos de outras variaveis relevantes, tais como custos de transporte, qualificacao da mao de obra e ganhos com a especializacao.

Regulatory Framework of Upstream and Onshore Unconventional Gas in Brazil

This chapter aims to provide a brief overview of onshore unconventional resources in Brazil. In this task, it analyzes the shale gas potential on Brazilian sedimentary basin. In addition, we described the regulatory framework related to shale gas as well as the currently concession agreement. Then we address the challenges that we consider crucial to realize the unconventional in Brazil: exploration deadlines, chain supplier of goods and services and environmental licensing. We conclude that the exploitation of unconventional resources in Brazil, could be a strategy to join forces to ensure a stable supply of natural gas in the long term, but the operationalization of this path suffered a series of setbacks regulatory, legal and economic that denounce certain fragility of the attractiveness of the Brazilian Upstream.

Regulatory Challenges of Natural Gas Downstream in Brazil

In this chapter we describe the history of the natural gas activities in the Brazilian downstream sector. In addition, we highlight natural gas constitutional and legal frameworks, including attributions and competences of the regulatory agency. In this sense, Gas Law is compared to Brazilian challenges for the expansion of the natural gas market as well as some of natural gas regulatory risks are studied. Finally, we draw conclusions.

Analysis of Civil Liability Regarding CCS: The Brazilian Case

Overview Global energy demand is still increasing based on consumption of fossil fuels, and its consequences such as greenhouse gases emissions (for instance CO2 emissions) are concerns for humanity due to the global warming. In this context, climate changes issues are clearly one of the biggest issues for our future. Thus, measures for mitigating its effects are treated, discussed, and analyzed in order to help us to reduce those problems. In this regards, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology may represent a strategic alternative for CO2 abatement. Using bibliographic review methodology; including law analysis as well as the development of a logical explanation approach and deductive reasoning, in this paper, we analyzed the climate change mitigation strategy of CCS, and the perspectives of implementing this technology in Brazil. Since the CCS activity implies in risks, such as CO2 leakage, we therefore discussed the Civil Liability regarding CCS, focusing on the Brazilian environmental law. Our results show that the lack of a legal and regulatory framework of CCS activities represents the main barrier to its national development.

The Technological and Economic Features of Brazilian Oil, Gas and Biofuel Industries

From 1999 onwards, the National Oil and Natural Gas Agency and Biofuels opened a series of Tendering Rounds for the Concession of exploration blocks in the Brazilian sedimentary basis, which led to an increase in proven oil reserves from 7.1 billion barrels at the beginning of 1998 to 14.2 billion barrels at the end of 2010. On September 2013, 312 concessions, operated by 25 companies, were awarded, raising national production to 2,094 Mbbl/day (1,000 barrels per day) of oil. Regarding natural gas production, on July 2013, there was 79.99 million m3/day, 6.9 % more than the previous month. This expansion is due to significant growth in investments in national exploration and production activities, especially in Sao Paulo state, in light of recent discoveries in Santos and the rise in local demand, as well as the possible diversification of companies supplying natural gas in the upstream sector. Related to the final consumption of liquid biofuels, between 2011 and 2012, the National Energy Balance - BEN (EPE, 2013) shows a 4.9 % growth driven, above all, by the increased consumption of gasoline and diesel, as well as a 3.8 % rise in electricity consumption, influenced by residential and commercial sectors.

Justiça e sustentabilidade: a destinação dos royalties de petróleo

This paper aims to define the principle of justice intrageneration and intergeneration by creating the idea of the humankind as one. It proposes the principle as a standard of the allocation of the government takes from the production of hydrocarbons. It assumes as a basic purpose of the public policies the sustainability of quality of life on the Earth. Thus, it argues that the allocation of the government take on public policies should reflect the needs of each place, considering the vocation of its territorial development, as well as the integral sustainability and the enforcement of fundamental rights of its population.

New Technical and Economic Solutions for Gas Exploitation in the Amazon Region (Peru-Brazil Pipeline)

The Amazon region has been demonstrating a great oil and gas potential in Brazil and in the neighboring countries, specially the field of Camisea in Peru. However, the development of feasible and economically justifiable transport systems, that can allow the flow of those resources to their potential markets, continues to be the great challenge. In this work, we present some options that can be transformed into competitive and commercial projects. We describe different gas pipeline options, discussing their technical, economic and commercial aspects.Copyright

Use Of The Natural Gas Of Camisea (Peru) For Electric And Gas Systems In The North Of Brazil

The Amazon region has been demonstrating a great oil and gas potential in Brazil and in the neighboring countries, specially the field of Camisea in Peru. However, the development of feasible and economically justifiable transport systems, that can allow the flow of those resources to their potential markets, continues to be the great challenge. In this work, we present one option that can be transformed into competitive and commercial project. We describe a gas pipeline option, discussing about their technical, economic and commercial aspects. We suggest that the fields already discovered in the area should be treated in an integrated way, achieving larger economies of scale in more ambitious initiatives aiming at exports.