Edson Luiz Souchie

Phosphate solubilization and phytohormone production by endophytic and rhizosphere Trichoderma isolates of guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess)

This work aimed to isolate and evaluate the phosphate solubilization and phytohormone production abilities of endophytic and rhizosphere fungi belonging to the genus Trichoderma isolated from guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess). From the guanandi collected from the field, 12 isolates obtained were grown in potato dextrose broth and supplemented with the phosphate sources, to test their capacity to solubilize phosphates. A strain of Trichoderma asperellum from a commercial inoculant was also used. One isolate was able to solubilize calcium phosphate, 12 solubilized iron phosphate and two solubilized aluminum phosphate. Only the rhizosphere isolates were able to synthesize indole acetic acid (IAA) and none of the rhizosphere or endophytic isolates produced cytokinin or gibberellin. There are Trichoderma isolates that can benefit plant development, both for their known antagonistic ability against phytopathogenic fungi and for their ability to provide phosphates and or to produce phytohormones. Key words: Trichoderma, inoculants, calcium, iron, aluminum, solubilization, plant growth promotion.

Ocorrência de Fungos Micorrízicos Arbusculares em resíduo da mineração de bauxita revegetado com espécies arbóreas

The establishment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was evaluated in two areas of bauxite mining residue planted to tree species inoculated with Glomus clarum Nicol. & Schenck and Gigaspora margarita Becker & Hall in the nursery phase. Acacia holosericea A. Cunn. ex G. Don and Sesbania virgata (Cav.) Pers. and a mixture of several tree species were transplanted to deposits of containing bauxite mining residue. In August, 1998 (dry season) and April, 1999 (rainy season) residue samples were collected and AMF spores extracted and identified. AMF spore density, relative density, frequency of occurrence of each AMF species per sampling period and abundance and frequency index (AFI) were estimated. Spore density and AMF diversity were low in both areas. A greater number of Glomus clarum spores and high AFI were found in bauxite residue grown to A. holosericea and S. virgata in the dry season. This was also detected in both areas in the rainy season. Spores of Gigaspora margarita were not detected in both areas and sampling periods. Independent of AMF inoculation, a large number of spores of Archeospora leptoticha (Schenck & Smith) Morton & Redecker, Entrophospora colombiana Spain & Schenck, Acaulospora mellea Spain & Schenck and Glomus macrocarpum Tulasne & Tulasne was detected.

Composição Química do Óleo Essencial de Cardiopetalum calophyllum Schltdl. (Annonaceae) e suas Atividades Antioxidante, Antibacteriana e Antifúngica

The Annonaceae family consists of ~135 genera with diverse species and a large number of chemical compounds arising from the secondary metabolism. However, the chemical composition of the essential oil of several species of the family such as Cardiopetalum calophyllum has not been completely determined. The leaves of Cardiopetalum calophyllum (Annonaceae) were collected during different months of the year, between 5:00 and 8:00 h in the morning, to determine the chemical composition of essential oils. In this study, the essential oils extracted from the leaves of C. calophyllum , collected in typical areas of the Cerrado of Goias, were characterized. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation for 4 h using a Clevenger apparatus. The chemical analysis was carried out by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the constituents were identified by comparing the spectra and retention index obtained with those available in the literature. The chemical analyses showed high concentrations of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. The antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activities of the essential oil of C. calophyllum are described for the first time in this work .