Eduardo Antonio Bulisani

EFEITO DO NITROGÊNIO NO CULTIVO DE FEIJÃO IRRIGADO NO INVERNO

An experiment was conducted at three localities, namely, Ribeirao Preto (Latosolic B Terra Roxa), Votuporanga (Dark red latossol sandy phase) and Pindorama (Podzolic Lins-Marilia), in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The objetive was to evaluate the response of nitrogen on irrigated dry beans during a two year period at Ribeirao Preto and Votuporanga (1990, 1991) and in Pindorama (1992, 1993). The experimental design was a complete randomized blocks design with five replications. The results showed that the yield of irrigated dry beans in the winter can be increased adding nitrogen. The sprint application is recommendable for the low fertility soil (Pindorama). The combination of N applied to the soil and on the leaves was more effective than that only on the leaves. The single dose applied at the 25th day after germination was more effective than the one aplied at the sowing date.

PRODUTIVIDADE DO CAFÉ APOATÃ EM CONSÓRCIO COM LEGUMINOSAS NA REGIÃO DA ALTA PAULISTA

Coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre) productivity was evaluated during three years of intercropping with five leguminous species: sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), Crotalaria spectabilis Roth., dwarf velvet bean (Stizolobium deeringeanum Bort.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merryl] and pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] in the western region of Sao Paulo State, from 1991 to 1993. Leguminous species were seeded 50 cm far from coffee shoot and incorporated at flowering stage. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with five replicates. Coffee yield was not affected when Crotalaria spectabilis, dwarf velvet bean and soya bean IAC 9 were used as interrow crop, but it was significantly decreased for pigeon pea and sunn hemp treatments. Linear correlation analysis showed that coffee yield was inversely correlated with leguminous dry biomass and positively correlated with coffee shoot height and stem diameter at the harvest year.

RESPOSTA DA APLICAÇÃO DE MICRONUTRIENTES NO CULTIVO DE FEIJÃO IRRIGADO NO INVERNO

An experiment was conducted at three localities, Ribeirao Preto (Latosolic B Terra Roxa), Votuporanga (Dark red latossol sandy phase) and Pindorama (Podzolic Lins-Marilia), in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, to evaluate the response of micronutrients on irrigated dry beans during a two year period at Ribeirao Preto and Votuporanga (1990, 1991) and in the next two years in Pindorama. The experimental design consisted of completely randomized blocks, with five replications. Treatments were: check, 20 kg ha-1 of borogram (8% B); 20 kg ha-1 of zincogram (20% Zn); 30 kg ha-1 of FTE-BR-12 and 60 kg ha-1 of FTE-BR-12 all applied in the soil. The foliar application of macronutrients consisted of: N (1 kg ha-1 ), P (0,5 kg ha-1), K (1,4 kg ha-1), which were sprayed 15, 25 and 35 days after emergence. An additional treatment consisted of NPK plus micronutrients (Mo, B and Zn) which was applied during the same period. The results showed that the yield of irrigated dry beans in the winter can be increased using the mixture of micronutrients (30 kg ha-1 FTE-BR-12). The aplication of micronutrients including molibdeniun increase the concentration of nitrogen in the leaves of dry beans, in the case of low fertility soils, as in Pindorama.

Influência dos herbicidas EPTC e Trifluralin e da inoculação das sementes com Rhizobium phaseoli na nodulação e produção do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgarisL.)

A field trial was carried out in a Latosolic B Terra Roxa, to investigate the influence of the herbicides EPTC and Trifluralin on nodulation and dry bean production. Sampling of nodules and plants was made at flowering. Data of bean production were also collected. A system of scores was used to evaluate the control of weeds. Statistical analysis of data showed significant increase in dry weight of nodules due to seed inoculation but there was no correspondent increase in bean production due to seed inoculation. It was observed that herbicides EPTC and Trifluralin had no influence on nodulation. Control of weeds was effective.

Biochemical and physical modifications of bean seeds during storage

Seeds of dry beans cvs Rico 23 and Carioca, were chemical and physically characterized three times during eleven months of storage. Electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel with SDS of the globulin fraction showed an increase in the number of bands at the third sampling, probably due to a more efficient protein extraction. However, molecular weight of the G1 and G2 subunits were constant, about 50,000 -43,000 and 18,000, respectively. Total protein, soluble sugars and water contents did not change during storage, while fiber increased and lipids decreased. Starch content, as in case of globulin fraction, also increased due to greater extractability. Both free fatty acids content and peroxide value increased, according to the increase of the acidity value. Water absorption capability increased initially and leveled off thereafter. The percentage of seeds with hard coat was not affected by storage. The behaviour of the two cultivars was very similar.

Adubaçao potássica na produção de soja, nos teores de potássio nas folhas e na disponibilidade de potássio em latossolo roxo distrófico de cerrado

Foram estudadas no periodo 1973/78, em Latossolo roxo distrofico da Alta Mojiana (SP), as respostas de soja a aplicacao de cinco niveis de adubacao potassica, sendo o fertilizante aplicado apenas no primeiro ano. Em nenhuma localidade se observou efeito significativo do potassio na producao de sementes de soja nem nos teores desses elementos determinados nas folhas no periodo de florescimento das plantas em qualquer dos anos estudados. Em vista dessa nao-resposta, foram determinados, em 1978, os teores de potassio trocavel extraivel com HNO3 IN a quente e do potassio total em amostras dos tres latossolos. Pela analise mineralogica da fracao grosseira, verificou-se a nao-existencia de minerais que possam apresentar reservas ponderaveis de potassio. Os baixos teores de potassio trocavel e extraivel pelo HNO3 a quente e as boas producoes de soja obtidas nesses solos mostram que a soja tem grande poder de extracao para o potassio do solo e que o nivel de 0,12 meq/l00g, normalmente apresentado como limite inferior para a disponibilidade do potassio trocavel do solo para o caso de soja, em solos de cerrado, e quando se utilizam cultivares de ciclo de 140 dias ou mais, pode ser provavelmente rebaixado para valores ao redor de 0,08 meq/100g de solo.

Produtividade do cafeeiro Mundo Novo enxertado e submetido à adubação verde antes e após recepa da lavoura

Yield of arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) of grafted onto robusta coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner) Apoata IAC 2258 was evaluated during six years of intercropping with five leguminous species: sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), Crotalaria spectabilis Roth., dwarf velvet bean (Stizolobium deeringeanum Bort.), soybean Glycine max (L.) Merryl] and pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] in the Western region of Sao Paulo State, Brazil, from 1989 to 1995. Leguminous species were sown 50 cm away from coffee plants and incorporated into the soil flowering stage. The treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design with five replicates. Coffee yield was not affected by Crotalaria spectabili Roth, sunn hemp, dwarf velvet bean and soybean IAC 9 as interrow crop. After stamping back the trees only the Crotalaria spectabilis Roth did not affect yield. Stem diameter and yield were significantly decreased by pigeon pea intercrop. The highest amount of legume dry biomass was produced by pigeon pea and sunn hemp. Linear correlation analysis showed that coffee yield was inversely correlated with leguminous dry biomass and positively correlated with coffee stem diameter at the harvest year.

Melhoramento da crotalária. I - Autocompatibilidade e resistência à murcha de Ceratocystis fimbriata

O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido visando a obtencao de linhagens de Crotalaria juncea autocompativeis e resistentes a murcha de Ceratocystis fimbriata. Plantios sucessivos de crotalaria comum foram efetuados em area altamente infestada pelo patogeno. Em cada ciclo foram selecionadas plantas que chegaram a produzir sementes, sendo estas plantadas no ano seguinte. Apos quatro anos, o material resultante foi cruzado com linhagens autocompativeis, visando reunir o carater resistencia a condicao de autocompatibilidade. A geracao F1 desse cruzamento foi retrocruzada com pais resistentes e com pais autocompativeis. As populacoes assim obtidas foram levadas ate a geracao F4, sendo que em cada geracao eram feitas inoculacoes e selecao de plantas resistentes e autocompativeis. A geracao F5, com 1.030 plantas, foi selecionada para producao e qualidade de sementes, resultando em 111 plantas com as caracteristicas desejadas. As linhagens dessas plantas, apos inoculacao com isolados do fungo, mostraram alta porcentagem de plantas autocompativeis, com resistencia a murcha.This paper describes the methods used in obtaining lines of Crotalaria juncea to self compatibility and resistance to wilt (Ceratocystis fimbriata). Successive plantings of Crotalaria juncea were made in areas highly infected with wilt. In each cycle, plants which produced seeds were selected and the seeds were replanted. After four years this material was crossed with lines with self compatibility with the common goal of reuniting resistance to wilt and self compatibility. In f1 generation of this cross was backcrossed with the parents resistant to wilt and self compatibility respectively. The population obtained was multiplied up to F4 having been inoculated at each generation with wilt pathogen and selections made of plants resistant to the disease and self compatibility. In the F5 generation 1,030 plants were selected for seed production and seed quality, and of these only 111 plants showed the desired characteristics. The lines of these plants after inoculation with the wilt pathogen showed high percentage of resistance to disease and self compatibility.

Herança da pigmentação com antocianina em Crotalaria juncea L.

Com a finalidade de obter informacoes sobre genes marcadores, foram hibridadas, manualmente, linhagens de crotalaria contrastantes em relacao a cor no hipocotilo, na base das asas das flores e das sementes. As sementes das geracoes paternais, de F1, F2 e do retrocruzamento para o pai recessivo, foram semeadas em casa de vegetacao para o estudo da segregacao. Verificou-se que a presenca e dominante em relacao a ausencia de pigmentacao com antocianina, que a heranca deste carater e monogenica e que ha efeito pleiotropico entre sementes pigmentadas, pinta purpura na base das asas das flores e hipocotilo roxo. Aventou-se a existencia de polimeria na geracao F2, uma vez que dentro das plantas com sementes pigmentadas foi possivel a separacao das sementes em cinco classes de intensidade de coloracao. Sugeriu-se o simbolo Aa - para presenca e aa aa - para ausencia de pigmentacao como discriminante do referido locus.

Breeding Crotalaria. I. Self compatibility and resistance to wilt caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata.

O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido visando a obtencao de linhagens de Crotalaria juncea autocompativeis e resistentes a murcha de Ceratocystis fimbriata. Plantios sucessivos de crotalaria comum foram efetuados em area altamente infestada pelo patogeno. Em cada ciclo foram selecionadas plantas que chegaram a produzir sementes, sendo estas plantadas no ano seguinte. Apos quatro anos, o material resultante foi cruzado com linhagens autocompativeis, visando reunir o carater resistencia a condicao de autocompatibilidade. A geracao F1 desse cruzamento foi retrocruzada com pais resistentes e com pais autocompativeis. As populacoes assim obtidas foram levadas ate a geracao F4, sendo que em cada geracao eram feitas inoculacoes e selecao de plantas resistentes e autocompativeis. A geracao F5, com 1.030 plantas, foi selecionada para producao e qualidade de sementes, resultando em 111 plantas com as caracteristicas desejadas. As linhagens dessas plantas, apos inoculacao com isolados do fungo, mostraram alta porcentagem de plantas autocompativeis, com resistencia a murcha.This paper describes the methods used in obtaining lines of Crotalaria juncea to self compatibility and resistance to wilt (Ceratocystis fimbriata). Successive plantings of Crotalaria juncea were made in areas highly infected with wilt. In each cycle, plants which produced seeds were selected and the seeds were replanted. After four years this material was crossed with lines with self compatibility with the common goal of reuniting resistance to wilt and self compatibility. In f1 generation of this cross was backcrossed with the parents resistant to wilt and self compatibility respectively. The population obtained was multiplied up to F4 having been inoculated at each generation with wilt pathogen and selections made of plants resistant to the disease and self compatibility. In the F5 generation 1,030 plants were selected for seed production and seed quality, and of these only 111 plants showed the desired characteristics. The lines of these plants after inoculation with the wilt pathogen showed high percentage of resistance to disease and self compatibility.