Eglė Sendžikienė

Possibilities of using Camelina sativa oil for producing biodiesel fuel

Abstract Biofuels for diesel engines are produced mainly from rapeseed oil in Lithuania and the Member States of the European Union. In order to minimise an adverse impact of biodiesel fuel on the food sector, it is necessary to look for alternative feedstocks for producing biodiesel fuel including the potential utilisation of the new kinds of oilseed crops and various fatty waste. Camelina (Camelina sativa) could be one of the kinds of such oilseed crops, and therefore the physical and chemical parameters of Camelina sativa oil and biodiesel fuel produced from this oil were determined and the conformity of quality parameters with the requirements of biofuel standard was evaluated. It was found that fatty acid methyl esters made from Camelina sativa oil had a high iodine value (164.6÷169.6 g I2 / 100 g oil), and therefore could be used as fuel for diesel engines only in the mixtures with methyl esters produced from animal fat or used for frying oil. It has been established that similar mixtures can contai...

Fractionation of heavy metals in sewage sludge and their removal using low-molecular-weight organic acids

AbstractThe total concentration and the concentrations of individual chemical species of selected heavy metals were estimated in primary and anaerobically digested sewage sludge. The concentration of Zn (1503 mg/kg) was highest and was followed by Cu (201 mg/kg), Cr (196 mg/kg), Pb (56 mg/kg), Ni (44 mg/kg) and Cd (3.6 mg/kg). The metal was divided into 5 fractions (exchangeable (F1), adsorbed (F2), organically bound (F3), bound to carbonates (F4), and residual (F5)) via sequential extraction. The sludge treatment procedure had no significant effect on the fractionation results. In both the primary and anaerobically digested sewage sludge, the heavy metals were ranked according to their mobilities (fractions F1 and F2) in the following order: Ni > Zn > Cu > Cd > Pb > >Cr. Metal stability in the environment was evaluated by the sulphide and residual fraction F5, and the following ranking order was identified: Cr > >Pb≈Ni > Cd > Zn≈Cu. A leaching experiment with low-molecular-weight organic acids (oxalic, a...

Exhaust emissions from the engine running on multi-component fuel

Abstract Possible alternative raw materials for producing biodiesel fuel are as follows: Camelina sativa oil, fibre linseed oil and waste animal fat. The aim of this work was to analyse the emissions of the engine running on multi-component fuels containing fossil diesel fuel (D), linseed or Camelina sativa oil fatty acid methyl esters (LSME and CME respectively) and beef tallow (TME) fatty acid methyl esters. The concentration of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in the mixtures with fossil diesel fuel varied from 10% to 30%. The mass proportion of LSME (or CME) and TME in the mixtures was 1:4. The lowest NOx concentration in exhaust gases was observed when the mixtures contained 10% of biofuel. For the mixtures containing CME and LSME, NOx concentrations reached 290 and 295 ppm respectively when the engine rotation speed was 1200 min−1 and 370 and 375 ppm respectively when rotation speed was 2000 min−1. CO concentration was the lowest when fuel contained 30% of the FAME mixture. HC concentration was sligh...

Evaluation of biodegradability and stability of biodiesel fuel and its mixtures

Global warming has forced humanity to care for greenhouse gas emission reductions, at the same time the production and use of biofuels. One of the positive environmental properties of biofuels is fast biological degradation. Biological degradability of pure rapeseed oil fatty acid butyl esters (RBE) within 28 days is 70% and such product meets the requirements for biofuel. During the same period, only 26% of mineral diesel fuel (D) is decomposed. Multi-component fuel containing up to 30% biofuel is less biodegradable and specified as a partially biodegradable material. The peroxide and acid number of pure biodiesel is growing rapidly when aging compared to that of mineral diesel and multicomponent fuel mixtures. The acid number of pure rapeseed oil fatty acid methyl esters (RME) was higher than the standard requirements after 3 weeks of storage. The acid number of mixtures containing 15% RME (RME15B15D70) and RBE (RBE15B15D70 and RBE25B25D50) was less than 0.5 mg KOH/g –1 after 8 weeks of storage. Multi-component fuel is more resistant to oxidation than pure biodiesel fuel.