Eiyti Kato

Atributos físicos, químicos e biológicos de um Latossolo de cerrado em plantio de espécies florestais

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact forest plantations on physical, chemical and microbiological attributes a cerrado Oxisol. Soil samples were collected at 0-10 cm depth from sites cultivated with pinus (Pinus tecunumanii), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis) and carvoeiro (Sclerolobium paniculatum) for over 20 years. An adjacent native cerrado area was used as a reference of the original soil conditions. It was observed in relation to the native cerrado: increases in soil density under pinus and eucalyptus, reduction in the macroporosity under pinus, lower organic matter contents under pinus and eucalyptus, besides decreases in the soil pH and in the base saturation under pinus and carvoeiro along with an increase in aluminum saturation. Soil microbial biomass carbon under the pinus, eucalyptus and carvoeiro sites was about half of that found under cerrado. The activities of acid phosphatase and arylsulfatase were inhibited by pinus and stimulated by carvoeiro. Among the forest systems evaluated, pinus promoted the greatest reduction on soil quality. The microbiological variables were the most sensitive to detect the effects of these systems on soil quality.

Indicadores de qualidade de Latossolo Vermelho sob diferentes usos

The evaluation and monitoring of soil quality, in the micro-drainage basins which contribute directly to the Rio Descoberto reservoir, in the Rio Descoberto drainage b asin, Distrito Federal (DF), Brazil, are necessary, due to its disordered rural occupation. Thus, this study aimed at evaluating the quality indicators of Red Latosol (RL), in micro-drainage basins located in the northern Rio Descoberto drainage basin , under diversified uses and managements: Savannah (SA), reforestation (RF), native pasture (NP), cultivated pasture (CP), agriculture with covered soil (AC) and agriculture with partial soil covering (AP). Soil density (SD) presented the lowest value for SA and the highest one for AP. The CP area showed the highest values for soil resistance to penetration, reflecting the effect of animal trampling. The highest value for organic matter (OM) was 55.5 g kg -1 , in the CP, and the lowest one was observed in the AC (37.5 g kg -1 ), where decomposition processes are favored. The cation exchange capacity varied from 7.80 cmol c dm -3 (NP) to 9.75 cmol c dm -3 (RF), pointing out the liming effect . The values obtained for microbial biomass carbon and basal respiration showed positive effects of the grass root system in the development of microorganisms. Among t he soil quality attributes evaluated, the OM and SD stood out, confirming that a more intensive agricultural activity is directly related to the quality reduction of the RL evaluated.

Matéria orgânica e infiltração da água em solo sob consórcio milho e forrageiras

Infiltration is a process by which water penetrates through the soil by its surface, and its dynamics can be influenced by several factors, among them, the soil management system adopted. The objective of this work was to estimate water infiltration rate and soil organic matter content in maize and forage intercropping systems. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications. Five treatments under no-tillage management were evaluated: 1) Corn (Zea mays L. ), 2) Brachiaria humidicola (Brachiaria humidicola), 3) Corn and Brachiaria humidicola intercropping, 4) Aruana grass (Panicum maximum cv. Aruana), 5) Corn and Aruana grass intercropping. The double ring infiltrometer method was used to determine the basic infiltration rate (VIB). Soil physical properties and soil organic matter were evaluated and correlated with VIB values. Results revealed high VIB values for no-tillage. The highest VIB values were observed in the corn treatment. VIB values decreased with the inclusion of forages. All cultivation systems showed a decrease of organic matter with depth.

Uso das terras da parte norte da bacia do Rio Descoberto, Distrito Federal, Brasil

This work had the objective to evaluate the land use in the northern region of the Environmental Protection Area of Descoberto River, which encompasses the watersheds of the streams Barrocao, Bucanhao and Capao da Onca, accomplished with the support of geoprocessing techniques. A land use map of the area was produced through analysis and treatment of SPOT 4 satellite images, obtained in 2003, using the software ENVI 3.6. Then, the adequation of land use was checked using cross-tabulation between the maps of present and potential use for agriculture, with the software ArcView 8.3, allowing development of a map of land use suitability. The results showed that most of the area has been used under its agricultural potential, characterizing sustainability in the use of the natural resources, particularly of the soils.