Elenir Rose Jardim Cury Pontes

O efeito da sulfadiazina de prata, extrato de ipê-roxo e extrato de barbatimão na cicatrização de feridas cutâneas em ratos

OBJECTIVE: Morphological study of effects of silver sulfadiazine, Tabebuia avellanedae (ipe-roxo) extract and Stryphnodendron adstringens (barbatimao) extract on cutaneous wound healing was done. METHODS: Ninety six Wistar rats were used. All animals underwent a femoral right vein ligation to induce a venous hypertension. Thirty days after the cutaneous wound was done, they were divided into groups of four animals. Group S received silver sulfadiazine topical application; group IR, Tabebuia avellanedae extract topical application; group B received Stryphnodendron adstringens extract topical application and group C received physiological solution topical application, every day for a period of seven, 14 and 30 days. Histology analyzed the presence vascular proliferation, neutrophil and lymphocite, fibroblast, collagen fiber and epithelization. RESULTS: The macroscopic analysis showed complete epithelization at 14 days in group S, IR e B. The histological data at 14 days of observation only group C still showed incomplete epithelization in six animals. At the same period there was a statistic significant difference between the control group and the others groups as inflammation process and neovascularization. About the presence fibroblasts and collagen, there was statistic significant difference between the control group and the others groups at the 30 days because at this period the control group still showed fibroblasts and collagen lower when compared to the others groups. CONCLUSION: The morphological analysis of the results permits to infer that the group S, IR and B had a better healing of skin wounds, when compared with the control.

Alterações hematológicas em pacientes com dengue

Dengue is a neglected disease with high morbidity and mortality among children and adults that occurs mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. The objective of this study was to evaluate hematological changes in patients with clinical manifestations of dengue. Medical records relating to 543 cases of dengue virus 3 that occurred during the 2007 epidemic in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, were studied. Cases of classic dengue predominated (90.2%), with mild clinical manifestations lacking complications. The main hematological findings were leukopenia (68.3%), thrombocytopenia (66.5%), lymphocytopenia (67.2%) and atypical lymphocytes (67%). In dengue hemorrhagic fever, thrombocytopenia was more prolonged and the number of atypical lymphocytes was higher, while the other hematological abnormalities presented daily evolution similar to those in classic dengue. The hematological changes observed in dengue present according to the clinical course of the disease and its severity.

Modulation of transforming growth factor beta2 (TGF-beta2) by inositol hexaphosphate in colon carcinogenesis in rats

PURPOSE To evaluate modulation in the expression of Transforming growth factor beta2 (TGF-beta2) in short-term colon carcinogenesis. METHODS 64 male rats was used, comprising 4 groups of 16 animals each: group 1 received Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) and azoxymethane (AOM); group 2, AOM alone; group 3, IP6 alone; group 4 was used as control. Groups 1 and 3 were given 1% IP6 in drinking water for 6 weeks. AOM was administered subcutaneously at weeks 3 and 4 of the experiment at 20 mg/kg of body weight each week. Immunohistochemical processing was performed with the use of anti-TGF-beta2 primary antibodies in right colon samples and quantitation of TGF-beta2 as percentage of expression, through computer-assisted image processing. RESULTS mean values of TGF-beta2 expression were 9.0 +/- 3.9% for group 4 (control), 12.7 +/- 4.0% for group 3 (IP6), 19.3 +/- 6.2% for group 2 (AOM), and 13.1 +/- 5.3% for group 1 (IP6+AOM). The value of p was calculated as 0.0001 for a 5% or lower significance level. CONCLUSION the experiment revealed a significant increase in TGF-beta2 expression in right colon with the administration of AOM, and a significant decrease in TGF-beta2 expression when IP6 was administered with AOM.

Vulnerability to AIDS among the elderly in an urban center in central Brazil

OBJECTIVE: As the world population ages with an improved quality of life and sexual longevity, the prevalence of AIDS is rising among the elderly. The purpose of this study was to estimate the vulnerability to AIDS among individuals attending senior community centers in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. METHOD: This descriptive, exploratory investigation included 329 subjects selected in a probabilistic manner. Individuals with scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination indicating cognitive impairment were excluded from the analyses. Barthels and Lawtons functional assessment scales were applied. Interviews were conducted to evaluate the presence of cognitive and behavioral factors associated with HIV transmission. RESULTS: Most subjects were non-dependent, fell within the 60- to 69-year age bracket and were female. A majority of individuals reported having knowledge about AIDS and were aware that the elderly are vulnerable to the disease. More than a quarter (26.9%) of the sample reported previous HIV testing. No participants reported drug use, homosexual orientation, or alcohol abuse. A minority of participants reported using medication for erectile dysfunction. Casual and multiple partners accounted for 12% and 34% of reported intercourse experiences, respectively. Condom use was reported by 14% of respondents. CONCLUSION: Unprotected sex was the primary factor accounting for vulnerability to AIDS among the elderly.

Caracterização das vítimas de ferimentos por arma de fogo, atendidas pelo Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência em Campo Grande-MS

A violencia, em todas as suas apresentacoes, tem crescido de forma avassaladora no pais, elevando os indicadores de morbidade e mortalidade por causas externas. O uso das armas de fogo, muitas vezes, faz vitimas fatais ou que podem permanecer sequeladas. Tal fato tem aumentado o onus do estado com internacoes hospitalares e acrescimo dos anos de vida perdidos da populacao jovem, que constitui a grande maioria dessas vitimas. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo objetivou fazer um levantamento das vitimas de ferimentos por arma de fogo, atendidas pelo Servico de Atendimento Movel de Urgencia no municipio de Campo Grande-MS, no periodo de abril de 2005 a abril de 2007, nos dois primeiros anos de funcionamento, desde a implantacao desse servico na capital do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Realizou-se estudo descritivo, baseado em analise documental do sistema de informacao do SAMU do municipio de Campo Grande-MS. Foram descritos 233 atendimentos. Os resultados evidenciaram 213 vitimas do sexo masculino, a faixa etaria mais acometida foi dos 20 aos 24 anos de idade, a cabeca e o pescoco foram as partes do corpo mais atingidas e a regiao Sul do municipio de Campo Grande foi a que concentrou maior numero de atendimentos. Conclui-se que a violencia por arma de fogo em Campo Grande-MS atinge a camada economicamente ativa da populacao e provem de regioes de bolsoes de pobreza e desigualdade social, justificando a implantacao de um servico como o SAMU.

Fatores de risco no desenvolvimento de insuficiência renal aguda após cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica com CEC

OBJECTIVES To evaluate incidence, mortality, and risk factors related to the development of acute renal failure (ARF) after on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), between January 2002 and November 2004. METHODS Seventy four patients who underwent on-pump CABG were analyzed retrospectively and distributed into two groups according to the development of ARF. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS During the period analyzed, 18 patients (24.32%) developed acute renal failure (ARF); 1 patient (1.35%), who required dialysis, died. Associated risk factors identified in-between the development of ARF was: the postoperative use of inotropic or vasoconstrictor drugs (p=0.048) and body mass index greater than 25 (p=0.004). The CPB time did not determine the ARF increase (p=0.0668). CONCLUSION The CPB time was not associated with an increased of ARF following on-pump CABG.

Bloodstream infection in patients with end-stage renal disease in a teaching hospital in central-western Brazil

INTRODUCTION Vascular access in patients undergoing hemodialysis is considered a critical determinant of bloodstream infection (BSI) and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of BSI in patients with end-stage renal disease using central venous catheters for hemodialysis. METHODS A cohort study was conducted in a public teaching hospital in central-western Brazil from April 2010 to December 2011. For every patient, we noted the presence of hyperemia/exudation upon catheter insertion, as well as fever, shivering, and chills during hemodialysis. RESULTS Fifty-nine patients were evaluated. Thirty-fi ve (59.3%) patients started dialysis due to urgency, 37 (62.7%) had BSI, and 12 (20%) died. Hyperemia at the catheter insertion site (64.9%) was a significant clinical manifestation in patients with BSI. Statistical analysis revealed 1.7 times more cases of BSI in patients with hypoalbuminemia compared with patients with normal albumin levels. The principal infective agents identified in blood cultures and catheter-tip cultures were Staphylococcus species (24 cases), non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli (7 cases of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and 5 cases of Chryseobacterium indologenes), and Candida species (6). Among the Staphylococci identified, 77.7% were methicillin-resistant, coagulase-negative Staphylococci. Of the bacteria isolated, the most resistant were Chryseobacterium indologenes and Acinetobacter baumannii. CONCLUSIONS Blood culture was demonstrated to be an important diagnostic test and identified over 50% of positive BSI cases. The high frequency of BSI and the isolation of multiresistant bacteria were disturbing findings. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated microorganism, although Gram-negative bacteria predominated overall. These results highlight the importance of infection prevention and control measures in dialysis units.

Nerve growth factor with fibrin glue in end-to-side nerve repair in rats

PURPOSE To determine the effects of end-to-side nerve repair performed only with fibrin glue containing nerve growth in rats. METHODS Seventy two Wistar rats were divided into six equal groups: group A was not submitted to nerve section; group B was submitted to nerve fibular section only. The others groups had the nerve fibular sectioned and then repaired in the lateral surface of an intact tibial nerve, with different procedures: group C: ETS with sutures; group D: ETS with sutures and NGF; group E: ETS with FG only; group F: ETS with FG containing NGF. The motor function was accompanied and the tibial muscle mass, the number and diameter of muscular fibers and regenerated axons were measured. RESULTS All the analyzed variables did not show any differences among the four operated groups (p>0.05), which were statistically superior to group B (p<0.05), but inferior to group A (p>0.05). CONCLUSION The end-to-side nerve repair presented the same recovery pattern, independent from the repair used, showing that the addition of nerve growth factor in fibrin glue was not enough for the results potentiating.

Levantamento dos hábitos de vida e fatores associados à ocorrência de câncer de tabagistas do município de Sidrolândia (MS, Brasil)

The study refers to a survey of the life-styles and factors associated with the occurrence of cancer in smokers of Sidrolândia (MS, Brazil). Study participants were 501 smokers registered in the Family Health Program, which were identified by community health agents. They answered a questionnaire based on the surveys used by the National Institute of Cancer and Prevention and Surveillance Program. The results showed that: the subjects are mostly women from 26 to 45 years of age (p= 0,035), living with a partner, do not work out, have little schooling and per capita family income of up to one minimum wage. Also they began to smoke in adolescence and smoke industrialized cigarette. They smoke an average of ten cigarettes a day, even indoors, even knowing that this is harmful to health, exposing the family to passive smoking. As for health problems, 30.6% have respiratory problems/allergy, 17.4% high-pressure and 10.8% depression. The sedentary was reported by 77.6% of the interviewees, the frequent habit of drinking alcohol by 48.7% and over-weight by 37.1%. Only 5.8% of respondents reported only smoking, 94.2% presented one or more of these factors associated with the occurrence of cancer.

In vitro antitumour activity of orsellinates.

Lichen phenolic compounds exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, and cytotoxic activities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anticancer activity of lecanoric acid, a secondary metabolite of the lichen Parmotrema tinctorum, and its derivatives, orsellinates, obtained by structural modifi cation. A cytotoxicity assay was carried out in vitro with sulforhodamine B (SRB) using HEp-2 larynx carcinoma, MCF7 breast carcinoma, 786-0 kidney carcinoma, and B16-F10 murine melanoma cell lines, in addition to a normal (Vero) cell line in order to calculate the selectivity index of the compounds. n-Butyl orsellinate was the most active compound, with IC50 values (the concentration that inhibits 50% of growth) ranging from 7.2 to 14.0 μg/mL, against all the cell lines tested. The compound was more active (IC50 = 11.4 μg/mL) against B16-F10 cells than was cisplatin (12.5 μg/mL). Conversely, lecanoric acid and methyl orsellinate were less active against all cell lines, having an IC50 value higher than 50 μg/mL. Ethyl orsellinate was more active against HEp-2 than against MCF7, 786-0, or B16-F10 cells. The same pattern was observed for n-propyl and n-butyl orsellinates. n-Pentyl orsellinate was less active than n-propyl or n-butyl orsellinates against HEp-2 cells. The orsellinate activity increased with chain elongation (from methyl to n-butyl), a likely consequence of an increase in lipophilicity. The results revealed that the structural modifi cation of lecanoric acid increases the cytotoxic activity of the derivatives tested.