Eliana Moreira Pinheiro

O uso de filmagem em pesquisas qualitativas

Considerando o aperfeicoamento dos metodos de coleta de dados, aborda-se a utilizacao da filmagem em pesquisas qualitativas. Este estudo bibliografico tem como objetivos desenvolver reflexoes sobre as possibilidades do uso de video na pesquisa e fornecer subsidios para pesquisadores. O video e abordado como instrumento de coleta e de geracao de dados. Ha alusoes aos aspectos tecnicos, como o uso de câmeras movel e fixa. Nessa ultima, relata-se a experiencia vivenciada pelas autoras, destacando-se a observacao ao principio da neutralidade e o recurso da edicao das imagens obtidas como meio de gerar novos dados. As autoras destacam a possibilidade de detectar contradicoes entre o discurso e o comportamento, que podem ser captadas por meio de filmagem e entrevistas. Faz-se discussoes sobre os principios eticos previstos pela Resolucao CNS 196/96 e outras questoes eticas cujas solucoes devem se basear em acordo entre o pesquisador e os sujeitos.Considering advancements in data collection methods, we explore the use of videotaping in qualitative research. This bibliographical study aims at developing reflections on the possibilities of using videotapes in research and at providing material to researchers. The video is used as an instrument of data collection and generation. We mention technical aspects, such as the utilization of a mobile or fixed camera. By means of the latter, the authors report their experience, emphasizing compliance with the neutrality principle and the possibility of editing the images obtained as a means of generating new data. The authors highlight that it was possible to detect contradictions between discourse and behavior through the use of videotaping and interviews. The authors also discuss the ethical principles set by CNS Resolution 196/96 and other ethical questions, whose solutions should be based on the agreement between researchers and subjects.

The meaning of interaction between nursing professionals and newborns/families in a hospital setting

This study aimed to understand the meaning of the nursing team’s communication with newborns and families during care delivered in a neonatal unit and also to develop a theoretical model. Symbolic Interactionism and Hargie’s model were used as theoretical and Grounded theory as the methodological reference framework. The study was carried out at the nursery of a hospital in Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. The study sample was composed of three nurses and four nursing auxiliaries. The theoretical model Being mediated by the strength of motivation was based on findings and revealed the role the nursing professionals’ motivation played during interactions with newborns and families. The conclusion is that more humanized interactions with newborns and families result from the nursing professionals’ motivation.

Noise at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and inside the incubator

The goal was to identify sound pressure level (SPL) at the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and inside the incubator of a teaching hospital of a public university from São Paulo - SP, Brazil. SPL inside the NICU and the incubator were measured using four dosimeters in January/2010. SPL at the NICU varied from 52.6 dBA to 80.4 dBA and inside the incubator, from 45.4 dBA to 79.1 dBA. SPL both at the NICU and inside the incubator are above the recommended values, but levels were higher at the NICU than inside the incubator. Although there are some specific factors related to SPL inside the incubator, the NICU and incubator acoustic features present a system: an increase/decrease in SPL at the NICU usually tends to increase/decrease SPL inside the incubator. The study points to the need for simultaneous monitoring of SPL at the NICU and inside the incubator.Se tuvo por objetivo identificar el nivel de presion sonora (NPS) de la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN) y del interior de la incubadora de un hospital escuela de una universidad publica de Sao Paulo-SP, Brasil. El NPS de la UTIN y de la incubadora fueron obtenidos por cuatro dosimetros en enero de 2010. El NPS de la UTIN vario entre 52,6 dBA y 80,4 dBA y el del interior de la incubadora fue de 45,4dBA a 79,1dBA. Tanto el NPS de la UTIN como el del interior de la incubadora son mayores que lo que recomendado, siendo mas altos en la UTIN que en la incubadora. A pesar de que existen algunos factores especificos relacionados al NPS en el interior de la incubadora, los perfiles acusticos de la UTIN y de la incubadora son como un sistema, es decir: la elevacion/reduccion del NPS de la UTIN generalmente tiende a elevar/reducir el NPS en el interior de la incubadora. Se concluye que muy importante la monitorizacion simultanea del NPS de la UTIN y del interior de la incubadora.Descriptores: Ruido; Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal; Enfermeria Neonatal; Humanizacion de la Atencion.

Ruído no interior das incubadoras em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal

Objectives: To identify levels of sound pressure level (NPS) inside the incubator and the sources of noise in that microenvironment of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a university hospital. Methods: Descriptive quantitative study, conducted in incubators for the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a university hospital in Sao Paulo. The records were obtained by NPS dosimeter, totaling 261 hours, 48 hours of records of the sources producing noise. Results: There were high NPS inside the incubators. Greater Leq levels were 79.7 dBA in room A, and 74.3 dBA in room B. The main sources of noise were: water circulation fan, maintaining open doors on the incubators during periods of care, equipment alarms, and conversation among professionals close to the incubator. Conclusions: The results showed that the NPS inside the incubator are far above those recommended by regulations. Based on these results, we developed a protocol and educational program.RESUMO Objetivos: Identificar niveis de pressao sonora (NPS) no interior das incubadoras e as fontes geradoras de ruido nesse microambiente de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal de um hospital universitario. Metodos: Pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva, conduzida nas incubadoras de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal de um hospital universitario do Municipio de Sao Paulo. Os registros de NPS foram obtidos por meio de dosimetro, totalizando 261 horas, 48 horas de registros das fontes produtoras de ruidos. Resultados: Constataram-se elevados NPS no interior das incubadoras. Maiores Leq medios foram 79,7 dBA na sala A e 74,3 dBA na B. As principais fontes de ruido foram: barulho da agua do ventilador, permanencia das portinholas abertas da incubadora, durante os cuidados prestados, alarmes dos equipamentos e conversa entre profissionais proxima a incubadora. Conclusoes: Os resultados evidenciaram que os NPS no interior das incubadoras estao distantes do recomendado pelos orgaos regulamentadores. Com base nesses resultados, foram desenvolvidos um protocolo e programa educativo. Descritores: Ruido; Unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal; Enfermagem neonatal; Humanizacao da assistencia

Nível de pressão sonora em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal

The objectives of the study were to assess sound pressure level (SPL) in two rooms of a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and to identify their sources. This quantitative-descriptive study was conducted in two rooms of a NICU of a University Hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. Three dosimeters were used to register SPL (total of 261 hours). A 48-hour register of noise sources was obtained. The results showed high SPL in both rooms. The greatest mean Leq were 71.0 dBA (room A) and 68.0 dBA (room B). Main noise sources in both units were: NICU hallway noise, traffic and conversation among professionals. The results indicate that SPLs in NICU rooms are higher than the levels recommended by regulatory agencies. A guideline was developed and an educational program was implemented as a means to reduce sound pressure levels.Este estudio objetivo verificar el nivel de presion sonora (NPS) de dos salas de Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN) e identificar sus fuentes. Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, llevado a cabo en dos salas de UTIN de hospital universitario de San Pablo-SP-Brasil. Se realizaron registros de NPS con tres dosimetros, totalizando 261 horas de medicion. Se obtuvieron 48 horas de registros de las fuentes que producen ruidos. Los resultados indican elevados niveles de presion sonora en ambos ambientes. Los mayores Leq medios fueron 71,0 dBA en sala A y 68,0 dBA en sala B. Las principales fuentes de ruido encontradas fueron: ruidos en el corredor, transito y conversacion entre profesionales. Los resultados revelan que los NPS de salas de UTIN distan de ser los recomendados por los organos reguladores. Se desarrollo protocolo y se implemento programa educativo, apuntando a la reduccion de la presion sonora.

Internal noise levels in neonatal intensive care unit incubators

Objectives: To identify levels of sound pressure level (NPS) inside the incubator and the sources of noise in that microenvironment of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a university hospital. Methods: Descriptive quantitative study, conducted in incubators for the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a university hospital in Sao Paulo. The records were obtained by NPS dosimeter, totaling 261 hours, 48 hours of records of the sources producing noise. Results: There were high NPS inside the incubators. Greater Leq levels were 79.7 dBA in room A, and 74.3 dBA in room B. The main sources of noise were: water circulation fan, maintaining open doors on the incubators during periods of care, equipment alarms, and conversation among professionals close to the incubator. Conclusions: The results showed that the NPS inside the incubator are far above those recommended by regulations. Based on these results, we developed a protocol and educational program.RESUMO Objetivos: Identificar niveis de pressao sonora (NPS) no interior das incubadoras e as fontes geradoras de ruido nesse microambiente de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal de um hospital universitario. Metodos: Pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva, conduzida nas incubadoras de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal de um hospital universitario do Municipio de Sao Paulo. Os registros de NPS foram obtidos por meio de dosimetro, totalizando 261 horas, 48 horas de registros das fontes produtoras de ruidos. Resultados: Constataram-se elevados NPS no interior das incubadoras. Maiores Leq medios foram 79,7 dBA na sala A e 74,3 dBA na B. As principais fontes de ruido foram: barulho da agua do ventilador, permanencia das portinholas abertas da incubadora, durante os cuidados prestados, alarmes dos equipamentos e conversa entre profissionais proxima a incubadora. Conclusoes: Os resultados evidenciaram que os NPS no interior das incubadoras estao distantes do recomendado pelos orgaos regulamentadores. Com base nesses resultados, foram desenvolvidos um protocolo e programa educativo. Descritores: Ruido; Unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal; Enfermagem neonatal; Humanizacao da assistencia

Análise do cuidado ao bebê hospitalizado segundo a perpectiva Winnicottiana

: This work aimed to analyze the holding provided by nurse aides, nurses, mothers, and fathers to infants newborn hospitalized at the middle risk neonatal unit of a university hospital in the city of Sao Paulo. This is a qualitative descriptive study based on Winnicotts theoretical framework. Data were collected by means of videotaping. Results demonstrated that there are some professionals who fail in providing holding, whereas others provide it satisfactorily. Although parents provide adequate holding, at times they fail to do so. We believe that it is necessary that the caring practice must be reevaulated, so that all members of the team, and also mothers and fathers are able to provide adequate holding for the infants development.El objetivo de este trabajo fue verificar el holding proporcionado por auxiliares de enfermeria, enfermeras, madres y padres a bebes internados en unidad neonatal de medio riesgo de hospital escuela del Municipio de Sao Paulo. Es un estudio cualitativo descriptivo que utilizo el referencial teorico de Winnicott.. Los datos fueron colectados por medio de filmagen. Los resultados relevaron que hay profesionales que fallan en suministro del holding, mientras que otros, proporcionan un holding satisfactorio. A pesar de que padres proporcionan holding adecuado, algunas veces tambien fallan en esta provision. Creemos que es necesario rever la practica asistencial de enfermeria de forma que todos componentes del equipo, madres y padres sean capaces de fornecer holding adecuado, visando desenvolvimiento del bebe.

Workers' knowledge and perception regarding noise in the neonatal unit

The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge and perception of professionals working in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) regarding the repercussions of noise on the neonates, families and workers, prior to the implementation of an educational program. This qualitative descriptive study was conducted in a NICU of a São Paulo hospital with 101 professionals. A questionnaire was used for data collection, and chi-square and Students t test were used to determine the association between variables. The workers described the NICU as very noisy (44.9%); they noticed the effects of noise during and after their work shift (67.4%) and used strategies to reduce noise. Despite not being familiar with legislation regarding noise in the hospital, the workers identify its repercussions on themselves, the neonates and families. Results indicate the need to teach the staff about legislation and noise prevention, as well as reorganize healthcare practices and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit facilities.The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge and perception of professionals working in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) regarding the repercussions of noise on the neonates, families and workers, prior to the implementation of an educational program. This qualitative descriptive study was conducted in a NICU of a Sao Paulo hospital with 101 professionals. A questionnaire was used for data collection, and chi-square and Students t test were used to determine the association between variables. The workers described the NICU as very noisy (44.9%); they noticed the effects of noise during and after their work shift (67.4%) and used strategies to reduce noise. Despite not being familiar with legislation regarding noise in the hospital, the workers identify its repercussions on themselves, the neonates and families. Results indicate the need to teach the staff about legislation and noise prevention, as well as reorganize healthcare practices and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit facilities.

Sound pressure levels in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

The objectives of the study were to assess sound pressure level (SPL) in two rooms of a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and to identify their sources. This quantitative-descriptive study was conducted in two rooms of a NICU of a University Hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. Three dosimeters were used to register SPL (total of 261 hours). A 48-hour register of noise sources was obtained. The results showed high SPL in both rooms. The greatest mean Leq were 71.0 dBA (room A) and 68.0 dBA (room B). Main noise sources in both units were: NICU hallway noise, traffic and conversation among professionals. The results indicate that SPLs in NICU rooms are higher than the levels recommended by regulatory agencies. A guideline was developed and an educational program was implemented as a means to reduce sound pressure levels.Este estudio objetivo verificar el nivel de presion sonora (NPS) de dos salas de Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN) e identificar sus fuentes. Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, llevado a cabo en dos salas de UTIN de hospital universitario de San Pablo-SP-Brasil. Se realizaron registros de NPS con tres dosimetros, totalizando 261 horas de medicion. Se obtuvieron 48 horas de registros de las fuentes que producen ruidos. Los resultados indican elevados niveles de presion sonora en ambos ambientes. Los mayores Leq medios fueron 71,0 dBA en sala A y 68,0 dBA en sala B. Las principales fuentes de ruido encontradas fueron: ruidos en el corredor, transito y conversacion entre profesionales. Los resultados revelan que los NPS de salas de UTIN distan de ser los recomendados por los organos reguladores. Se desarrollo protocolo y se implemento programa educativo, apuntando a la reduccion de la presion sonora.

Identificação dos tipos de toque ocorridos no atendimento de enfermagem de um serviço ambulatorial

This study was realized in the outpatient ward of bone marrow transplantation. The sample consisted of 17 adult patients and six workers. The data was collected from October to December, 1996, being obtained through filming, decodification of the films, a questionnaire and interview with the workers. The purposes were to identify in what situations the different types occurred, and which regions of the body were involved. It was found that most of the touching was of the instrumental type. The regions touched were the thorax and upper limbs.Este estudo foi realizado em um ambulatorio de transplante de medula ossea. A amostra constituiu-se de 17 pacientes e 6 funcionarias. A coleta de dados ocorreu no periodo de outubro a dezembro 1996, atraves de formulario, com decodificacao de imagens filmadas, consulta de prontuarios e de funcionarias. Os objetivos do estudo foram: identificar os tipos de toque e em que situacoes e regioes corporeas ocorreram entre funcionarias e pacientes. Houve o predominio do toque instrumental durante o atendimento, sendo mais frequente durante o curativo de saida do cateter. As regioes mais tocadas foram a toracica e membros superiores.