Eliana Neire Castiglioni Tessari

Effects of aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1 on body weight, antibody titres and histology of broiler chicks

1. Our objective was to evaluate the toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and fumonisin B1 (FB1), administered singly or in combination to broilers. 2. Feeds were prepared with concentrations equal to 0, 50 and 200 µg AFB1/kg, and/or 0, 50 and 200 mg FB1/kg, and offered to broiler chicks from 8 to 41 d of age. The experimental design was totally randomised, in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement with 9 treatments and 12 birds per treatment. Animals were vaccinated against Newcastle disease on d 14 of life and killed at 41 d. 3. Compared with controls, all mycotoxin-treated groups at 41 d had lower body weight and weight gain, and higher relative heart weight. The relative weight of the liver increased only in birds fed diets containing 200 mg FB1, singly or in combination with AFB1. 4. At 35 d, all groups receiving mycotoxin-treated rations had reduced geometrical mean antibody titres, with birds from groups fed combinations of AFB1 and FB1/kg having even lower values, when compared to the other groups. 5. Histological changes were observed only in liver from birds fed mycotoxin-contaminated rations, and in kidneys of birds fed the diet containing 200 µg AFB1 and 200 mg FB1/kg. Main alterations included vacuolar degeneration and cell proliferation of bile ducts in the liver, and hydropic degeneration in renal tubules in the kidneys. 6. We concluded that AFB1 and FB1 in combination have primarily additive effects on body weight, liver structure and immunological response of broilers at the concentrations used.

Effects of Aflatoxin B1 and Fumonisin B1 on Blood Biochemical Parameters in Broilers

The individual and combined effects of dietary aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) on liver pathology, serum levels of aspartate amino-transferase (AST) and plasma total protein (TP) of broilers were evaluated from 8 to 41 days of age. Dietary treatments included a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement with three levels of AFB1 (0, 50 and 200 μg AFB1/kg), and three levels of FB1 (0, 50 and 200 mg FB1/kg). At 33 days post feeding, with the exception of birds fed 50 mg FB1 only, concentrations of AST were higher (p < 0.05) in all other treatment groups when compared with controls. Plasma TP was lower (p < 0.05) at six days post feeding in groups fed 200 μg AFB1/kg alone or in combination with FB1. At day 33 days post feeding, with the exception of birds fed the highest combination of AFB1 and FB1 which had higher plasma TP than control birds, plasma TP of birds fed other dietary treatments were similar to controls. Broilers receiving the highest levels of AFB1 and FB1 had bile duct proliferation and trabecular disorder in liver samples. AFB1 singly or in combination with FB at the levels studied, caused liver damage and an increase in serum levels of AST.

Ocorrência de Salmonella spp. em carcaças de frangos industrialmente processadas, procedentes de explorações industriais do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

In the last years the demand for safe food has turned into an increasing necessity for market. Besides, the absence of any microorganism responsible for zoonosis is a requirement of national and international rules. However, even with technological development broiler meat is still susceptible to bacteria contamination, especially Salmonella. The aim of this research was to study the occurrence of Salmonella in broiler carcasses, from Sao Paulo slaughter plants ready to be distributed to the market. The research classified the samples according to presence or absence of Salmonella in 25g of the product. One hundred and sixteen frozen broiler carcasses were collected and analyzed, using a conventional culture method, during one year (July 2006 - June 2007). A total of two (1.7%) samples presented Salmonella spp and one (0.8%) Salmonella Enteritidis, numbering three positive samples (2.5%). Although this research showed a lower contamination rate comparing to other studies, the results are still a concern to public health.

Molecular characterization of Brazilian infectious bursal disease virus isolated from 1997 to 2005.

Abstract This retrospective study concerned 41 infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) isolates obtained from Brazilian broiler and layers flocks by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Twenty-five of them were identified as very virulent (vv) by restriction enzyme analysis and by further nucleotide and phylogenetic analysis. All of them had the typical amino acid residues, and all clustered in a phylogenetic tree with the vvIBDV strains. Four amino acid substitutions, at positions D213N, G254D, S317R, and D323E, were common to 3 vv isolates, Br/03/DB, Br/03/CK, and Br/04/CR, and differed from other vv isolates and strains. These isolates came from the same locale, but were collected in different years, indicating that the vvIBDVs circulating on Brazilian farms are undergoing slight but continuous exchanges.

Important Aspects of Salmonella in the Poultry Industry and in Public Health

The objective of this review was to discuss relevant issues related to the pathogeny, epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp. Due to its economic importance, and because it poses risks to human health, Salmonella spp. is one of the most frequently studied enteropathogens. Nowadays, the disease is considered to be a consequence of interrelated factors, such as food, the environment, vectors, men, utensils and equipments, the production line, animal transit and animal reservoirs.

Diferentes fontes e níveis de selênio sobre a imunidade humoral de frangos de corte

The use of organic trace minerals is getting strength and is an alternative to increase production and improve other characteristics such as humoral immunity. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels and sources of selenium (Se) on humoral immunity of broilers. A six-week research was conducted using 1440 one-day-old males broiler chickens. The experimental design was randomized with six experimental diets (A: 0.15mg kg-1 inorganic (inorg.); B: 0.15mg kg-1 organic; C: 0.15mg kg-1 inorg.+organic; D: 0.45mg kg-1 inorganic; E: 0.45mg kg-1 organic; F: 0.45mg kg-1 inorg.+organic) calculated to provide the described amount of Se. Each diet was replicated in six box with 40 birds. A 3x2 factorial arrangement was used and the data were analyzed by ANOVA. The immunity was evaluated by means of the reaction against vaccine of Newcastle disease, and a reaction against sheep red blood cells (SRBC). No significant effects were observed at 5% significance level in NewCastle antibody (P>0.05). However at 14 day-old the source factor had p value at 0.0580, that show a trend of inorganic source in prolong the maternal immunity. No effect was observed in the immune response against SRBC (P>0.05). The results showed a immunologic response against Newcastle vaccine and SRBC, but the treatments was not able to induce a significant difference. The source and the level of Se showed no effect on the response against Newcastle vaccine and SRBC.

Parâmetros hematológicos de frangos de corte alimentados com ração contendo aflatoxina B1 e fumonisina B1

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of dietary aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) on the hemogram and leucogram of broilers. The mycotoxins were added to rations, singly and in combination, at levels of 0, 50 and 200mg AFB1/kg, and/or 0, 50 and 200mg FB1/kg. A completely randomized 3 x 3 factorial design was used, with 9 treatments and 12 replications per treatment (total: 108 birds). Broilers were fed the contaminated rations from day-old 8 to 41. All the mycotoxin-treated groups had decreased (P<0.05) values of hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte counts, which are common characteristics of anemia. The most affected birds were from groups receiving the highest levels of the combined mycotoxins. Lower (P<0.05) white blood cells counts were also noted in all groups fed mycotoxin-contaminated feeds, however, this reduction was more severe in broilers fed 200mg AFB1/kg, alone or in association with FB1. The conclusion is that both AFB1 and FB1, singly or in combination at the levels studied, can negatively affect the hematological parameters of broiler chicks.

Ocorrência de Salmonella Spp. em Carcaças de Frango Resfriadas no Período de 2000 A 2010

Ana Lucia Sicchiroli Paschoal Cardoso, Eliana Neire Castiglioni Tessari, Greice Filomena Zanatta Stoppa, Ana Maria Iba Kanashiro, Renato Luis Luciano, Antonio Guilherme Machado de Castro. Ocorrencia de Salmonella Spp. em Carcacas de Frango Resfriadas no Periodo de 2000 A 2010. In: Anais do 12o Congresso Latinoamericano de Microbiologia e Higiene de Alimentos MICROAL 2014 [= Blucher Food Science Proceedings, num.1, vol.1]. Sao Paulo: Editora Blucher, 2014. DOI 10.5151/foodsci-microal-149 Ocorrencia de Salmonella spp. em Carcacas de Frango Resfriadas no Periodo de 2000 A 2010