Eliane de Sousa Leite

Influence of Assistive Technology for the Maintenance of the Functionality of Elderly People: an Integrative Review

Introduction: assistive technology consists of resources and services that contribute to provide or extend functional skills and promote independence and social inclusion of disabled or elderly. Objective: identifying the knowledge produced in the scientific literature about contributions of assistive technology for the maintenance of the old functionality. Method: it was conducted an integrative literature review in the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane and LILACS, in May 2015, using the controlled descriptors: Aged, Aging, Self-help devices, Assistive Devices, Assistive Equipment and Assistive Technology. There were selected 13 items based on inclusion criteria. Results: there were identified the following classifications in assistive technology: augmentative and alternative communication, environment control systems, mobility aids, postural adequacy, architectural projects for accessibility and sports and leisure. Conclusion: the use of assistive technology allows the elderly to develop the functional activities of daily living safely, increase their independence and autonomy, prevent comorbidities and thereby contribute to improving the quality of life and social inclusion of the elderly.

Activities Offered to the Elderly in Primary Health Care: Social Representations of Elderly and Professionals

Introduction: in the SUS, the Family Health Strategy, considered by the Ministry of Health as the elderly users’ gateway, is designed to reorient the health care of the population, promoting the quality of life. Objective: recognizing the social representations built by the elderly and health professionals about the activities offered to seniors in Primary Health Care Health Care. Method: an exploratory study of a qualitative approach based on Theoretical contribution of Social Representations in its dimensional approach conducted with 257 elderly and 249 professionals in the Family Health Units in the city of Joao Pessoa/Paraiba/Brazil. The collected data were processed with the SPSS 20.0 software and Iramuteq 0.6 alpha 3. Results: the results showed three classes: Dimensions associated with activities offered to the elderly, represented by: necessary, excellent, quality, poor, deficient and insufficient; Service improvement perspectives: improving, service, poor, lack, attention; and Professional dimensions in senior care, consisting of: importance, professionals, promote, quality of life, well-being, self-esteem. Conclusion: it is expected that this study will contribute to the reflection about the quality of activities offered to seniors in primary health care services and serves as a improvement for changes needed in the current context of the health of the elderly.

Impact of the actions of an interdisciplinary team in the elderly quality of life

Introduction: Quality of Life (QoL) of the elderly is a complex process, not only by the subjectivity of the term, but also due to the heterogeneity of the elderly. So, analyzing QoL of the elderly is an important way to know better who provides care, allowing the proposal of interventions beyond the treatment of diseases. Objective: Evaluating the impact of the actions of an interdisciplinary team about the quality of life of seniors. Method: A longitudinal, analytical, quantitative study conducted with 92 elderly, in which there were applied the SF-36 and the Whoquol-Bref, in July 2012 and April 2013. For data analysis there was used SPSS version 18.0. Results: The average age was of 68.8 years old. There was a predominance of women with low income and education. After eight months of follow-up, the elderly showed improvement in SF-36 parameters: Functional Capacity; Physical Aspects; Pain; General Health; Vitality and Mental Health; and WHOQOL-Bref (Physical, Psychological and Environment Domain, and Quality of Life). The linear regression analysis showed independent predictor variables for improving the quality of life of seniors. Conclusion: There was the importance of interdisciplinary actions to improve the quality of life of elderly people, suggesting that interdisciplinarity can be a relevant strategy in the work of health professionals.

Depression in elderly assisted in Basic Health Units

Objective: to identify the prevalence of elderly in the Family Health Strategy with signs and symptoms of depression, characterizing them. Method: documental, quantitative and descriptive research, with the sample of 376 elderly and data collection done by applying the demographic questionnaire and the Geriatric Depression Scale. Data analysis was performed by Microsoft Excel, after approval of the research project by the Committee of Ethics in Research, Protocol No. 20100712-051. Results: 41% with suspected depression, 24% of antidepressive users. Of these, 42.9% aged 60-69 years old, 84% living in urban areas and 16% in rural areas, 49.3% were married and 33.8% widowed, 41.6% practiced home activities and 31.2 % farmers. Conclusion: become necessary specific actions to elderly health, detection of depression in this age group, emphasizing prevention and health promotion. Descriptors: Elderly; Disorder Adaptation; Primary Health Care. RESUMEN Objetivo: verificar la prevalencia de adultos mayores en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia con signos y síntomas de depresión, caracterizándolos. Método: investigación documental, descriptiva y cuantitativa con 376 adultos mayores y recolección de datos mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario sociodemográfico y la Escala de Depresión Geriátrica. El análisis de datos fue realizado con el software Microsoft Excel, después de la aprobación del proyecto de investigación por el Comité de Ética de la Investigación, Protocolo N° 20100712-051. Resultados: Hubo 41% con sospecha de depresión, siendo 24% usuarios de antidepresivos. De estos, 42,9% tenían edad de 60 a 69 años; 84% eran residentes en zonas urbanas y 16% en zonas rurales; 49.3% eran casados y 33,8% viudos; 41,6% realizaban actividades domésticas y 31,2% eran agricultores. Conclusión: son necesarias acciones específicas encaminadas a la salud de los adultos mayores y detección de casos de depresión en este grupo de edad, dando prioridad a la prevención y promoción de la salud. Descriptores: Adultos mayores; Trastorno de adaptación; Atención Primaria de la Salud. Enfermeira, Mestranda em Neurociência Cognitiva e Comportamento/Universidade Federal da Paraíba/UFPB. João Pessoa (PB), Brasil. Email: perla07figueredo@gmail.com; Enfermeira, Professora Doutora em Enfermagem, Unidade Acadêmica Ciências da Vida, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande – Campus Cajazeiras. Cajazeiras (PB), Brasil. E-mail: oliveirafb@uol.com.br; Educadora Física, Doutoranda em Medicina e Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia/UFBA. Docente, Unidade Acadêmica de Letras Universidade Federal de Campina Grande – Campus Cajazeiras. Cajazeiras (PB), Brasil. E-mail: lana-ff@bol.com.br; Enfermeira, Doutoranda em Enfermagem, Universidade Federal da Paraíba/UFPB. Servidora Técnica administrativa, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande – Campus Cajazeiras. Cajazeiras (PB), Brasil. E-mail: elianeleitesousa@yahoo.com.br; Psicólogo, Doutorando em Medicina e Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia/UFBA. Docente da Unidade Acadêmica de Educação, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande – Campus Cajazeiras. Cajazeiras (PB), Brasil. Email: zedezefinha@bol.com.br; Fonoaudióloga, Doutora em Medicina e Saúde, Docente do Departamento de Fonoaudiologia e do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia/UFBA. Salvador (BA), Brasil. E-mail: anacaline@uol.com.br ARTIGO ORIGINAL Soares PFC, Oliveira FB de, Freitas EAF de et al. Depressão em idosos assistidos nas Unidades... Português/Inglês Rev enferm UFPE on line., Recife, 7(9):5453-9, set., 2013 5454 DOI: 10.5205/reuol.3529-29105-1-SM.0709201312 ISSN: 1981-8963 Dentre os diversos transtornos psíquicos que afetam os idosos, tem-se a depressão que merece especial atenção por parte dos profissionais da saúde, uma vez que apresenta frequência elevada e consequências negativas para a qualidade de vida. Essa doença é prevalente na terceira idade e constitui grave problema de saúde pública, gerando repercussões sociais e econômicas. A depressão apresenta-se como distúrbio da área afetiva ou do humor, com impacto funcional em qualquer faixa etária. Na velhice, a depressão envolve os aspectos biológicos (fragilidade na saúde decorrente de doenças crônicas), psicológicos (viuvez, falta de atividades sociais e mudanças de papeis) e sociais (pobreza, escolaridade, solidão e modificações no suporte social). É uma doença psiquiátrica e está associada ao maior risco de morbidade e mortalidade, ao aumento na utilização dos serviços de saúde, à negligência no autocuidado, à adesão reduzida aos regimes terapêuticos e maiores risco de suicídio. A depressão é subdiagnosticada e ignorada entre os idosos, uma vez que, frequentemente, profissionais de saúde tratam os sintomas depressivos como manifestações normais decorrentes do processo do envelhecimento e não tomam as atitudes necessárias. Enquanto sintoma, a depressão pode apresentar os mais variados quadros clínicos, dentre os quais: transtorno de estresse póstraumático, demência, esquizofrenia e doenças clínicas. Pode ocorrer, ainda, resposta às situações estressantes ou as circunstâncias sociais e econômicas adversas. Entretanto, a presença desses sintomas pode ser responsável por perda de capacidade funcional, autonomia e agravamento dos quadros de enfermidades preexistentes. Diante da relevância do cuidado com a saúde dos gerontes, a Política Nacional de Saúde da Pessoa Idosa define que a atenção à saúde dessa população terá como porta de entrada a Atenção Básica, por meio da Estratégia Saúde da Família-ESF, tendo como referência a rede de serviços especializada de média e alta complexidade; é a equipe de saúde da família a responsável pelo acolhimento, pelo tratamento e pela promoção da saúde mental do idoso. Diante do contexto, ressalta-se a importância dos profissionais que atuam na Atenção Básica de estarem renovando conhecimentos no campo da saúde do idoso, especialmente, sobre transtornos mentais como forma de possibilitar a detecção de sinais e sintomas da depressão, favorecendo diagnóstico precoce e tratamento adequados. Além disso, deve-se buscar rápida intervenção, bem como medidas de reabilitação, todos esses cuidados são fundamentais para a melhoria da qualidade de vida das pessoas que vivenciam a terceira idade. O desafio que se segue é a reestruturação do modelo assistencial para contemplar o segmento idoso de forma integral, de modo que este consiga viver com a máxima qualidade possível. A promoção da saúde é capaz de responder a tal proposta, visto que promoção da saúde pode ser entendida como processo de capacitação da comunidade para atuar na melhoria da qualidade de vida e saúde. Frente ao exposto, este estudo tem como objetivo:  Identificar prevalência de idosos na Estratégia Saúde da Família com sinais e sintomas de depressão, caracterizando-os. Este estudo é parte de pesquisa interinstitucional da Universidade Federal da Bahia e da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande << Fatores Associados à Independência Funcional dos Idosos >>. Trata-se de pesquisa documental, descritiva e quantitativa. A pesquisa documental utiliza-se de instrumentos que ainda não receberam tratamento analítico, de tal forma que possam ser reelaborados, de acordo com o objeto da pesquisa, não necessitando do contato direto do pesquisador com os sujeitos investigados. Os sujeitos deste estudo foram idosos, com 60 anos de idade ou mais, não institucionalizados que compunham a classe idosa assistida pela ESF, de Cajazeiras-PB, Brasil. Existem nesse município 7.539 pessoas acima de 60 anos, destes 3.221 eram homens e 4.318 mulheres. Foram excluídos do estudo aqueles que não tiveram condições físicas e cognitivas de responder aos instrumentos de coleta de dados. O cálculo amostral foi realizado pelo programa “sample.exe” do pacote estatístico PEPI, versão 4, utilizando nível de significância de 0,05, resultando em uma amostragem de 376 sujeitos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de dois instrumentos: questionário sociodemográfico e Escala de Depressão Geriátrica, versão reduzida – EDG. No questionário, foram avaliadas características da população amostral estudada, a EDG foi utilizada para MÉTODO INTRODUÇÃO Soares PFC, Oliveira FB de, Freitas EAF de et al. Depressão em idosos assistidos nas Unidades... Português/Inglês Rev enferm UFPE on line., Recife, 7(9):5453-9, set., 2013 5455 DOI: 10.5205/reuol.3529-29105-1-SM.0709201312 ISSN: 1981-8963 identificar o índice de prevalência de características indicativas de depressão. A EDG é um instrumento valioso, composto de 15 questões em sua versão reduzida, utilizado com frequência para identificação do quadro depressivo em idosos. Após sorteio dos sujeitos de forma aleatória virtual, realizou-se visita domiciliar e assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE) pelos participantes, para então dar início à aplicação dos instrumentos de pesquisa. Primeiramente, foram analisados os dados coletados, observando a possível omissão de alguma informação considerável, avaliando estatisticamente o percentual do que fora coletado. Tal avaliação efetuou-se com auxílio do software Microsoft Office Excel, apresentando-os tabelas. A participação dos sujeitos fora aceita mediante a assinatura do TCLE, havendo pela pesquisa o parecer favorável, conforme no 20100712-051, junto ao Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande UFCG, Hospital Universitário Alcidades CarneiroHUAC, em 2011, conforme doravante preconiza a Resolução 466/2012, do Conselho Nacional de Saúde que regulamenta a pesquisa com seres humanos no Brasil. Foram encontrados 41% dos idosos com suspeita de depressão (Tabela 1). Tabela 1. Casos de depressão entre idosos. Cajazeiras-PB, Brasil. 2011 A amostra foi composta em sua maioria por mulheres. Referindo-se aos idosos com suspeita de depressão, 77,3% eram do sexo feminino e 22,7% do masculino. Os idosos com depressão leve a moderada e depressão grave também foram maioria, 75,5% e 100%, res

Práticas interdisciplinares na promoção da saúde da pessoa idosa [Interdisciplinary practices in promoting the health of older adults]

O objetivo foi conhecer as praticas de promocao da saude desenvolvidas pela equipe interdisciplinar com um grupo de idosos. Pesquisa quantiqualitativa, descritiva, realizada com 12 profissionais de saude do grupo de idosos Amigos de Irma Fernanda, de Cajazeiras – Paraiba, que responderam a um questionario em 2013. A analise de conteudo das respostas destacou: a compreensao dos participantes sobre promocao da saude aos idosos; a estrutura de trabalho; as atividades desenvolvidas relacionadas a educacao em saude e interdisciplinaridade; a eficacia das praticas que resultou em melhoria da qualidade de vida dos idosos e os desafios para promover as atividades. Apontaram as doencas cronicas, deficit de recursos materiais e humanos. Considera-se que, para promover saude, e necessario conhecimento, trabalho em equipe e proatividade, para que os resultados possam emergir na qualidade de vida dos idosos. ABSTRACT This quanti-qualitative, descriptive study aimed to ascertain the health promotion practices applied to a group of older adults by an interdisciplinary care team. Twelve 12 health professionals of the senior care group, Amigos de Irma Fernanda, in Cajazeiras, Paraiba State, answered a questionnaire in 2013. Content analysis of their responses highlighted: the participants’ understanding of health promotion for the elderly; the structure of the work; the activities relating to health education and interdisciplinarity; the efficacy of the practices that resulted in improved quality of life for the older adults; and the challenges involved in promoting the activities were chronic diseases, and a lack of human and material resources. It is considered that to promote health requires knowledge, teamwork and proactivity in order for the results to emerge in the older adults’ quality of life. RESUMEN El objetivo fue conocer las practicas de promocion de la salud desarrolladas por el equipo interdisciplinario de un grupo de personas mayores. Investigacion de tipo cuantitativo/cualitativo, descriptivo, realizada junto a 12 profesionales de la salud del grupo de personas mayores Amigos de Irma Fernanda de Cajazeiras - Paraiba, quienes respondieron un cuestionario en 2013. El analisis del contenido de las respuestas resalto: la comprension de los participantes sobre la promocion de la salud para los ancianos; la estructura del trabajo; las actividades desarrolladas relacionadas con la educacion en salud e interdisciplinariedad; la efectividad de las practicas que resulto en la mejora de la calidad de vida de las personas mayores y los retos para promover las actividades. Tambien apuntaron hacia enfermedades cronicas, recursos humanos y materiales. Se considera que, para promover la salud, son necesarios: conocimiento, trabajo en equipo y proactividad, para que los resultados puedan verse en cuanto a la calidad de vida de las personas mayores. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2015.21628

HIV/AIDS and Seniors: Knowledge of the Elderly about the Disease

Introduction: the spread of HIV/AIDS in the elderly population is already characterized as a serious public health problem, requiring the development of actions and strategies to reduce the vulnerability of these individuals. Objective: identifying the knowledge of older people about HIV/AIDS. Method: this is an exploratory-descriptive study of a qualitative approach, developed with 26 elderly enrolled in three Family Health Strategies of the city of Cajazeiras, Paraiba, Brazil. Data were collected through interviews with a structured questionnaire and analyzed according to the Content Analysis Technique proposed by Bardin. Results: participants were 26 elderly, most of whom were women belonging to the age group of 60-69 years old and married. From the analysis of the speeches of the participants emerged the theme category Knowledge about HIV/AIDS, with the following subcategories: Definition, Sources of Information, Treatment and Prognosis. Conclusion: it showed that many seniors have relevant knowledge about the disease; however, most of this is insufficient or surrounded by the mystification of knowledge rooted in the popular daily life.

Oral Provocation Test on the Diagnosis of Cow's Milk Protein Allergy in Children: Integrative Review

Introduction: The cows milk protein allergy (CMPA) is considered the most prevalent food allergy in children, developing, usually, during the first three years of life and can cause gastrointestinal, respiratory and skin changes. Among the diagnostic methods used, there is the oral food challenge test. However, little used in clinical practice. Objective: Identifying the importance of Oral Provocation Test (OPT) in the diagnostic confirmation of CMPA in children. Method: An integrative review of studies of the last ten years, with six relevant articles related to the theme and used and described the OPT in children with suspected CMPA. Results: The OPT is important to confirm the diagnosis, avoiding prolonged exclusion diets, nutritional risks and unnecessary expenses. The oral test with milk can be adopted as the gold standard and used as a basis for comparative studies that aims to advance the molecular diagnosis, determining the specificities and sensitivities of such tests. It can also be used with other foods. In innovative studies to determine the tolerance of dairy foods, allowing include them in the feeding of these patients during the elimination diet. Conclusion: It is important that the OPT is performed early in the onset of symptoms suggestive of CMPA, in order to avoid prolonged exclusion diets, nutritional risks and unnecessary expenses.

Sociodemographic Data and the Relationship with the Climacteric Symptomatology - Paraiba, Northeast of Brazil

Introduction: The climacteric is a natural phenomenon of the female physiology, experienced as a silent period or followed by symptoms. Objectives: Identifying sociodemographic data and their influence on climacteric change; determining the prevalence of climacteric symptoms. Method: A cross-sectional study conducted in the city of Cajazeiras, Paraiba, between January 2013 and March 2014, interviewing 390 climacteric women, through structured script. The factors associated with climacteric symptoms were identified by linear regression analysis (95%). Results: The average age of the surveyed was 49.17 years old. The intensity of climacteric symptoms was associated to: the menopausal age ( p = 0.048, CI: 0.001 to 0.149) and education ( p = 0.003, CI: -0.254 to -0.051); being the most prevalent: 84.4% nervousness, arthralgia 78.2% and 76.4% sadness. Conclusion: Due to insufficient socioeconomic status and the high prevalence of menopausal symptoms, we see the need for qualified and humanized care through a comprehensive and individualized care in order to improve the women’s quality of life.

Brazilian Health Professionals’ Perception about Death: An Integrative Review

Introduction: Recognizing deeply the death and all the elements that surround it should be of interest to all health care professionals, so that this can appreciate the comfort and dignified death of the patient without feeling guilty or overwhelmed with negative feelings. Objective: Analyzing the perception of Brazilian health professionals about the terminally life. Method: It was used the integrative review for organization and systematization of knowledge. The research was conducted in November 2014, in the LILACS database, through descriptors: nursing, medical, perception, attitude towards death, dying and euthanasia in Portuguese and English in PubMed. The results were obtained after a thorough analysis of 15 selected articles. Results: The evaluation of the work made possible the detection of five perceptions towards death: life stage, technicist conception, move to a better place, liberation from suffering and unexpected interruption of life. It was noticed that nurses are the professionals who have more comprehensive understanding of death as multifaceted event. Moreover, most doctors have a vision centered on the technicists and biological ideals. Conclusion: The reduced number of studies conducted with health professionals from other areas makes it impossible to generalize the findings and promote the need for more studies in the area. Even with a comprehensive understanding by some professionals, those still have difficulties in dealing with the process of death in their daily life. Therefore, there is also need for greater discussion of the topic in academia and in daily practice, to improve the understanding and the attitude of health professionals facing death.

Insomnia During Climacteric: an Integrative Review

Introduction: Climacteric is a stage in womens lives in which occurs the passage from reproductive period to non-reproductive, marked by menopause. This phase can be seen as something natural, free of complaints. However, some women complain with climacteric symptoms, especially with disorders that affect sleep. Objective: Identifying the factors related to insomnia during climacteric, based on the analysis of scientific production. Method: The method of integrative literature review was requested, using descriptors insomnia, climacteric, menopause ; the databases consulted were PubMed, LILACS and SciELo, from 2004 to May 2014. The results were obtained by selecting 10 articles, by means careful reading, critical and reflective of the texts, followed by the organization of synoptic charts from the data obtained. Results: The evidence were gathered and synthesized, pointing to a set of physiological changes that can affect the quality of sleep during climacteric, including vasomotor symptoms, psychogenic, hormonal changes and menopause transition. Conclusions: The methodological designs of the studies analyzed were strong evidence for evidence-based practice. However, the data can be questioned, once the insomnia was self-reported. Therefore it needs that research be conducted approaching insomnia, with assessment by examinations which allow accuracy of the findings, such as polysomnography.