Elis Nina Herliyana

Termite-Susceptible Species of Wood for Inclusion as a Reference in Indonesian Standardized Laboratory Testing

Standardized laboratory testing of wood and wood-based products against subterranean termites in Indonesia (SNI 01.7207-2006) (SNI) has no requirement for the inclusion of a comparative reference species of wood (reference control). This is considered a weakness of the Indonesian standard. Consequently, a study was undertaken to identify a suitable Indonesian species of community wood that could be used as a reference control. Four candidate species of community woods: Acacia mangium, Hevea brasiliensis, Paraserianthes falcataria and Pinus merkusii were selected for testing their susceptibility to feeding by Coptotermes formosanus. Two testing methods (SNI and the Japanese standard method JIS K 1571-2004) were used to compare the susceptibility of each species of wood. Included in the study was Cryptomeria japonica, the reference control specified in the Japanese standard. The results of the study indicated that P. merkusii is a suitable reference species of wood for inclusion in laboratory tests against subterranean termites, conducted in accordance with the Indonesian standard (SNI 01.7207-2006).

Root Diseases Ganoderma sp. on the Sengon in West Java and East Java

Sengon tree (Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen) currently becomes a major forest tree species widely planted by smallholders in Indonesia. The wood of this is quick growing and relatively easy to sell. However, level of plant safety sengon between crop plantations and other forestry need to be assessed considering the sengon tree is alternative host of Ganoderma spp. Studies have been conducted to know the presence and diversity of Ganoderma spp. on the sengon tree and some ways inoculation on sengon plant in the nursery. Survey of Ganoderma conducted in several locations of community forests and cacao (Theobroma cacao) plantations in West Java and East Java. Testing of genetic diversity based on RAPD technique. This conducted at the Biotechnology Research Institute of Plantation Indonesia Bogor. Inoculation testing conducted at the Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University. The results showed that Ganoderma lucidum was found on the sengon tree and cacao plant, generally on the dead stump. The test results of genetic diversity obtained genetic similarity between G. lucidum from sengon and cacao are quite close. The results of inoculation of G. lucidum testing on seedlings sengon showed that both isolate from cacao and sengon tree able to infect a sengon tree back. The existence of sengon tree as shade plants for cacao plant need to watch out, because production cycle of sengon tree faster than production cycle of cacao plant that is protected.

Analisis keragaman genetik Ganoderma spp. yang berasosiasi dengan tanaman kakao dan tanaman pelindungnya menggunakan Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Genetic diversity analysis of Ganoderma spp. associated with cocoa and its shade trees using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)

Abstract Information on genetic diversity of Ganoderma spp. causing root rot disease in crops is important to develop a proper strategy for the control of Ganoderma disease. The objectives of this research were to study the genetic diversity of Ganoderma spp. associated with cacao and its shade trees (Albazia faltacaria, Swietenia mahogani, Adenathera microsperma and Leucaena leucocephala) by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Fourty five samples of Ganoderma spp. were used in this research. The results showed that DNA amplification using 10 arbitrary oligonucleotide primers produced 220 DNA fragments showing polymorphisms. The cluster analysis showed that 45 number of Ganoderma samples had a high variability with the coefficient value ranged from 0.71 to 0.91. Further analysis using Winboot software showed that three groups of Ganoderma spp. had a high degree of confidence (>50 %), which were Ganoderma samples from sengon (Paraserianthes sp.) of Tasikmalaya, sengon (Paraserianthes sp.) of Palembang, and mahogany of Jember; whereas the other groups of samples had a low degree of confidence ( 50 %) yaitu kelompok Ganoderma spp. yang berasosiasi dengan pohon sengon asal Tasikmalaya, sengon Palembang, dan mahoni Jember; sedangkan pengelompokan lainnya menunjukk menunjukkan tingkat kepercayaan yang rendah (<50 %).

STUDI PERTUMBUHAN BEBERAPA ISOLAT JAMUR TIRAM (Pleurotus spp.) PADA BERBAGAI MEDIA BERLIGNIN

Assessment of Soil Manure Applied on Two Varieties Soybean in Acid Sulphate Soils. One factor that cause low productivity of soybean in acid sulphate soils of tidal swamp land is the high acidity of such soils. Effort that could be taken to increase soybean productivity in tidal swamp land are the use of adaptive varieties and soil amelioration. The main objective of this assessment is to determine the effect of soil amelioration, especially the use of soil manure, on soybean yield and the economics feasibility of its application. An experiment have been conducted on acid sulphate soils of tidal swamp land at Bungai Jaya village, Basarang subdistrict, Kapuas district of Central Kalimantan province in rainy season of 2003/2004. The experiment was arranged in a split plot design with four replication. The main plot treatments were two adaptive varieties of soybean, i.e. Lawit and Menyapa; while the subplot treatments were three rates of soil manure application, i.e. 0, 3 t/ha and 6 t/ha. The result of the experiment indicated that application of soil manure up to 3 t/ha increase the yield; whilst further increase of soil manure application rate did not significantly increase soybean yield. The recommended technology, i.e., the use soil manure 3 t/ha, lime 2 t/ha and the Lawit variety give net income to farmer Rp.2.325.000,-, R/C=1,69, and MBCR=3.0. Key words: Soybean, acid sulphate soils, soil manure Salah satu sebab rendahnya produktivitas kedelai di lahan pasang surut adalah tingginya tingkat kemasaman tanah. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas kedelai di lahan pasang surut adalah dengan ameliorasi lahan dan penggunaan varietas adaptif. Tujuan utama pengkajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian bahan amelioran, khususnya pupuk kandang, terhadap hasil kedelai dan kelayakan penerapannya secara ekonomis. Percobaan telah dilaksanakan di lahan pasang surut bertanah sulfat masam di desa Bungai Jaya, kecamatan Basarang, kabupaten Kapuas, Kalimantan Tengah pada MH 2003/2004. Rancangan petak terbagi dengan 4 ulangan digunakan untuk menata perlakuan. Sebagai perlakuan petak utama adalah dua varietas kedelai yang adaptif di lahan sulfat masam yaitu Lawit dan Menyapa; sedangkan sebagai perlakuan anak petak adalah dosis pupuk kandang, yaitu 0,3t/ha dan 6 t/ha. Hasil percobaan ini menunjukan bahwa pemberian pupuk kandang sebesar 3 t/ha meningkatkan hasil kedelai, meskipun penambahan pupuk kandang menjadi 6 t/ha tidak lagi meningkatkan hasil kedelai. Teknologi yang direkomendasikan yaitu peggunaan pupuk kandang 3 t/ha dan kapur 2 t/ha serta varietas Lawit, memberikan pendapatan bersih Rp.2.325.000,-, R/C=1,69, dan MBCR=3,0. Kata kunci: Kedelai, lahan sulfat masam, pupuk kandangThe Increasing the Quality and Storage Period of Tomato Paste with Blanching Method. Up to the moment, the need of food industry for tomato paste is fulfilled by imported products. Processing raw tomato into tomato paste is one technique that will decrease the import dependency and increase the value added of the tomatoes. The aim of this research was to identify the quality of tomato paste by blanching treatments and the length of storage period. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with two factors. The first factor was blanching treatments before the tomato is processed into tomato paste through four treatments; a) without blanching b) blanching within10 minutes, c) blanching within 20 minutes, and d) blanching within 30 minutes. The second factor was storage period which is divided into four periods i.e. 0, 1, 2 and 3 months. Parameter of quality which was observed was chemical quality (Vitamin C, sugar content, TPT and total acid) and organoleptic characteristics (color, texture, flavor and fondness). The result showed that oval variety can be processed into tomato paste and can be kept for a long time as recommended. However, the best tomato paste was obtained when blanched for 20 minutes and can be stored for 3 months. This tomato paste contained vitamin C 6.075 mg/100 g, sugar level 0.0085% and total acid 0.55%, total soluble solution 27 ° Brix, in red bright color 80%, aromatic and normal taste and be fond of. Based on fmancial analysis it was known that the farmers can process 200 kg fresh tomatoes into 100 kg tomato paste with profit rate amounting to Rp.1,860,000 with an R/C2.6. Key words: Blanching, processing, storage, tomato paste Selama ini kebutuhan industri pangan di Indonesia akan pasta tomat dipenuhi dari impor. Pengolahan tomat menjadi pasta akan memberi nilai tambah dan mengurangi ketergantungan impor. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui mutu pasta tomat yang dihasilkan dan perlakuan blansing dan lama simpan. Percobaan ini dilakukan dengan metode rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah perlakuan blansing sebelum diolah menjadi saus tomat (4 taraf) yaitu tanpa blansing, blansing selama 10 menit, blansing 20 menit dan blansing 30 menit. Faktor kedua adalah perlakuan lama penyimpanan (4 taraf) yaitu 0, 1, 2 dan 3 bulan. Parameter mutu yang diamati adalah mutu kimia (vitamin C, kadar gula, TPT dan total asam) dan organoleptik (warna, tekstur, aroma, rasa dan kegemaran). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa varietas Oval dapat dibuat pasta dengan perlakuan blansing dan dapat disimpan lama sesuai dengan spesifikasi produk pasta tomat yang dipersyaratkan. Pasta tomat yang terbaik adalah yang diblansing 20 menit dan dapat disimpan 3 bulan. Pasta tomat tersebut mempunyai kandungan vitamin C 6,075 mg/100 g contoh, kadar gula 0,0085 %, total asam 0,55%, TPT 27 °Brix, wawa merah cerah 80%, aroma dan rasa normal serta digemari. Berdasarkan hasil analisis fmansial diketahui bahwa kelompok wanita tani dapat mengolah 200 kg tomat segar menjadi 100 kg pasta tomat dengan keuntungan sebesar Rp.1.860.000 dengan nilai R/C 2,6. Kata kunci : Blansing, penyimpanan, pasta tomat, pengolahan