Elisa Brosina de Leon

ERICA: leisure-time physical inactivity in Brazilian adolescents

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of leisure-time physical inactivity in Brazilian adolescents and their association with geographical and sociodemographic variables. METHODS The sample was composed by 74,589 adolescents participating in the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA). This cross-sectional study of school basis with national scope involved adolescents aged from 12 to 17 years in Brazilian cities with more than 100 thousand inhabitants. The prevalence of leisure-time physical inactivity was categorized according to the volume of weekly practice (< 300; 0 min). The prevalences were estimated for the total sample and by sex. Poisson regression models were used to assess associated factors. RESULTS The prevalence of leisure-time physical inactivity was 54.3% (95%CI 53.4-55.2), and higher for the female sex (70.7%, 95%CI 69.5-71.9) compared to the male (38.0%, 95%CI 36.7-39.4). More than a quarter of adolescents (26.5%, 95%CI 25.8-27.3) reported not practicing physical activity in the leisure time, a condition more prevalent for girls (39.8%, 95%CI 38.8-40.9) than boys (13.4%, 95%CI 12.4-14.4). For girls, the variables that were associated with physical inactivity were: reside in the Northeast (RP = 1.13, 95%CI 1.08-1.19), Southeast (RP = 1.16, 95%CI 1.11-1.22) and South (RP = 1.12, 95%CI 1.06-1.18); have 16-17 years (RP = 1.06, 95%CI 1.12-1.15); and belong to the lower economic class (RP = 1.33, 95%CI 1.20-1.48). The same factors, except reside in the Southeast and South, were also associated with not practicing physical activity in the leisure time for the same group. In males, as well as the region, being older (p < 0.001) and declaring to be indigenous (RP = 0.37, 95%CI 0.19-0.73) were also associated with not practicing physical activities in the leisure time. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of leisure-time physical inactivity in Brazilian adolescents is high. It presents regional variations and is associated with age and low socioeconomic status. Special attention should be given to girls and to those who do not engage in any physical activity during the leisure time, so that they can adopt a more active lifestyle.

Kinetics of mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells mobilization by G-CSF and its impact on the cytokine microenvironment in primary cultures.

In this study, we demonstrate that G-CSF administration triggers distinct kinetics of stem cell-SC mobilization with early raise of hematopoietic-HSC and late increase of mesenchymal-MSC in bone marrow-BM and peripheral blood-PB. The cytokine microenvironment observed following primary cultures showed an overall G-CSF dose-dependent profile with a clear mixed pro-inflammatory/regulatory pattern. Moreover, primary cultures performed at the peak of MSC/HSC ratio, showed distinct cytokine patterns, with higher IL-10, TNF-α and IL-17A observed for BM and enhanced IL-10, IL-2 and IFN-γ for PB harvested cells. Positive correlation was observed between BM-MSC and the levels of TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-17A whereas negative correlation was found between IL-10 and BM-HSC. An opposite association was observed between IL-10 and PB-HSC. Our results support the hypothesis that MSC and HSC harvested from BM and PB display differential functional properties that should be considered when electing the SC sources available for cell therapy applied in clinical protocols.

Predictive equations for respiratory muscle strength by anthropometric variables

Recent studies have pointed out divergences in the predictive quality of reference equations for respiratory muscle strength, alerting the need to introduce into these equation‐specific variables for certain target populations.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MAXIMUM RESPIRATORY PRESSURE IN ADULTS FROM AMAZONAS BY DIFFERENT PREDICTIVE EQUATIONS

Introduction: The measurement of muscular strength and maximum static pressures, substantially a consecrated and practical method, raise discussions about reference values and predictive equations, taking into account the heterogeneity of the studies. Objectives: Compare predicted values of IPmax and EPmax with the equations of Neder et al., 1999 and Costa et al., 2010 in adult individuals from the state of Amazonas (AM, Brazil). Method: A cross-sectional study in which was evaluated the Maximum Respiratory Pressures (IPmax and EPmax) according to standardization of the Brazilian Society of Pneumology and Tisiology in 210 individuals (68% female and 32% male) and 109 were eutrophic and 101 with overweight. The age of the individuals was 47,8±18,5 years. For comparative statistical analysis between the values obtained and predicted by the equations was performed the Anova One Way - Software SigmaStat 3.5 test. Results: The comparison of the values obtained with those predicted revealed that the Neder et al underestimated the IPmax in both genders (P <0,001) and overestimated the EPmax in males (P <0,001). While the equation of Costa et al overestimated the IPmax and EPmax in males (P <0,001) underestimated the IPmax in females (P<0,001). Conclusion: The results evidenced divergences in the predictive quality of the equations used, especially for IPmax, which suggests the low specificity of it in the population evaluated.

Respiratory Function and the Influence of Inspiratory Muscle in Vital Capacity inParkinsons Disease

Background: Pulmonary disorders have been identified in Parkinsons disease (PD) since its description. They are associated with high mortality. However, there have been limited investigations on respiratory function in the patients with PD. The mechanisms mediating this association need to be better clarified. The relationship between maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and the forced vital capacity (FVC) in these individuals has not been investigated yet. Objective: The objective was to assess and compare the respiratory function in older elderly with and without PD in order to determine the prevalence of respiratory dysfunction and the influence of MIP in FCV. Methodological design: Cross-sectional study which evaluated 41 elderly with PD and 41 elderly without (control group). Inclusion criteria: For patients with PD: level of disability 0-3 Hoehn and Yahr scale and levodopa substitution therapy. For all participants: more than 60 years, no smoking, and no diagnosis of respiratory dysfunction and have physical and cognitive conditions to perform the tests. Pulmonary function was investigated by spirometry and MIP through manovacuometry. For the comparison between the groups was used the Students t test and Mann Whitney and the correlation between the variables of interest was investigated by linear regression model. Results: There was a higher prevalence of respiratory disorder in patients with PD, whose major ventilation dysfunction was restrictive. There were significantly lower values % FVC and forced expiratory volume in the first minute (FEV1) in patients with PD and a direct association between FVC and MIP. This association can only be observed in the control group in the elderly who presented restrictive disturbance. Conclusion: Patients with PD showed important modifications of pulmonary function even in the early stages of the disease. Thus, the pulmonary evaluation must be systematically performed in subjects with PD and the impact of pulmonary rehabilitation on these dysfunctions should be the focus of further research.

Reference values for maximal respiratory pressures in healthy sedentary and active individuals 20-80 years of the city of Manaus

The measurement of inspiratory muscle strength is achieved by static measures of respiratory maximum pressures (inspiratory- MIP and expiratory- MEP) and is an important tool for determining the existence and prognosis of neuromuscular and lung disorders. Aim: To develop predictive equations of inspiratory pressure Maximum and Maximum Expiratory Pressure for healthy people sedentary and active. Materials and Methods: Participants were 177 sedentary healthy and active, aged 20 and 80 years. The volunteers were selected according to the following criteria: a BMI between 18.0 and 29.5 kg / m2 and no history of smoking. Individuals with a history of respiratory or cardiovascular disease were excluded, as well as individuals with any neuromuscular disease that prevented the tests. Maximal respiratory pressures were determined according to a standardized protocol. Results: Two regression models were adjusted: 1 (age- gender) and 2 (gender and physical activity). For the model MEP, there was an increase in the R² 15.91% to 26.18%, indicating that with age and activity can be explained 26.18% of the variability of MEP. For the model of MIP, the R² went from 6.05% to 16.46%, indicating that with age and activity can be explained 16.46% of the variability of MIP. Conclusion: Was checked with the adjusted models, there was a considerable gain in the predictive quality of the models for MEP and MIP add Physical Activity.

Overweight and obesity influence on respiratory muscle strength

The changes in respiratory function may be due to factors such as gender and body fat distribution in addition to the direct relationship between increased body mass index (BMI) and respiratory insufficiency. However, the predicted values in the literature are limited to eutrophic population, which does not clarify the possible influence of obesity on the Respiratory Pressures (Costa D et al., 2010). Aim: To investigate the influence of weight and Body Mass Index (BMI) on Respiratory Muscle Strength. Patients and Methods: One hundred and twenty patients with BMI 38.5 ± 12.8 kg/m² and medium age 46 ± 14 years. The Maximal respiratory pressures (Maximal Inspiratory pressure - MIP and expiratory - MEP) were determined following a standardized protocol. Results: Regarding MIP and MEP, the measured values were lower in theolder age groupsin both genders.Data analysis were adjusted three linear regression models (Montgomery et al, 2012.): 1- (Age); 2- (age/weight); 3- (age/BMI). For the model MEP, the age and weight explained 35.58% of the variability. ForMIP,the best modelwasage and BMIand explained13.84% of the variability. Conclusion: It was found with the adjusted models, there was a considerable gain for MEP and MIP to add weight or BMI, and for MEP weight was better than BMI and BMI for MIP was better than weight.