Fernanda Figueiroa Sanchez

Predictive equations for respiratory muscle strength by anthropometric variables

Recent studies have pointed out divergences in the predictive quality of reference equations for respiratory muscle strength, alerting the need to introduce into these equation‐specific variables for certain target populations.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MAXIMUM RESPIRATORY PRESSURE IN ADULTS FROM AMAZONAS BY DIFFERENT PREDICTIVE EQUATIONS

Introduction: The measurement of muscular strength and maximum static pressures, substantially a consecrated and practical method, raise discussions about reference values and predictive equations, taking into account the heterogeneity of the studies. Objectives: Compare predicted values of IPmax and EPmax with the equations of Neder et al., 1999 and Costa et al., 2010 in adult individuals from the state of Amazonas (AM, Brazil). Method: A cross-sectional study in which was evaluated the Maximum Respiratory Pressures (IPmax and EPmax) according to standardization of the Brazilian Society of Pneumology and Tisiology in 210 individuals (68% female and 32% male) and 109 were eutrophic and 101 with overweight. The age of the individuals was 47,8±18,5 years. For comparative statistical analysis between the values obtained and predicted by the equations was performed the Anova One Way - Software SigmaStat 3.5 test. Results: The comparison of the values obtained with those predicted revealed that the Neder et al underestimated the IPmax in both genders (P <0,001) and overestimated the EPmax in males (P <0,001). While the equation of Costa et al overestimated the IPmax and EPmax in males (P <0,001) underestimated the IPmax in females (P<0,001). Conclusion: The results evidenced divergences in the predictive quality of the equations used, especially for IPmax, which suggests the low specificity of it in the population evaluated.

Reference values for maximal respiratory pressures in healthy sedentary and active individuals 20-80 years of the city of Manaus

The measurement of inspiratory muscle strength is achieved by static measures of respiratory maximum pressures (inspiratory- MIP and expiratory- MEP) and is an important tool for determining the existence and prognosis of neuromuscular and lung disorders. Aim: To develop predictive equations of inspiratory pressure Maximum and Maximum Expiratory Pressure for healthy people sedentary and active. Materials and Methods: Participants were 177 sedentary healthy and active, aged 20 and 80 years. The volunteers were selected according to the following criteria: a BMI between 18.0 and 29.5 kg / m2 and no history of smoking. Individuals with a history of respiratory or cardiovascular disease were excluded, as well as individuals with any neuromuscular disease that prevented the tests. Maximal respiratory pressures were determined according to a standardized protocol. Results: Two regression models were adjusted: 1 (age- gender) and 2 (gender and physical activity). For the model MEP, there was an increase in the R² 15.91% to 26.18%, indicating that with age and activity can be explained 26.18% of the variability of MEP. For the model of MIP, the R² went from 6.05% to 16.46%, indicating that with age and activity can be explained 16.46% of the variability of MIP. Conclusion: Was checked with the adjusted models, there was a considerable gain in the predictive quality of the models for MEP and MIP add Physical Activity.

Overweight and obesity influence on respiratory muscle strength

The changes in respiratory function may be due to factors such as gender and body fat distribution in addition to the direct relationship between increased body mass index (BMI) and respiratory insufficiency. However, the predicted values in the literature are limited to eutrophic population, which does not clarify the possible influence of obesity on the Respiratory Pressures (Costa D et al., 2010). Aim: To investigate the influence of weight and Body Mass Index (BMI) on Respiratory Muscle Strength. Patients and Methods: One hundred and twenty patients with BMI 38.5 ± 12.8 kg/m² and medium age 46 ± 14 years. The Maximal respiratory pressures (Maximal Inspiratory pressure - MIP and expiratory - MEP) were determined following a standardized protocol. Results: Regarding MIP and MEP, the measured values were lower in theolder age groupsin both genders.Data analysis were adjusted three linear regression models (Montgomery et al, 2012.): 1- (Age); 2- (age/weight); 3- (age/BMI). For the model MEP, the age and weight explained 35.58% of the variability. ForMIP,the best modelwasage and BMIand explained13.84% of the variability. Conclusion: It was found with the adjusted models, there was a considerable gain for MEP and MIP to add weight or BMI, and for MEP weight was better than BMI and BMI for MIP was better than weight.