Elisangela Marques Jeronimo

Produtividade de três cultivares de cana-de-açúcar sob manejos de sequeiro e irrigado por gotejamento

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of drip irrigation technology in different sugarcane varieties in two crop cycles (plant cane and ratoon). The experimental design was in completly randomized blocks, in split-plot with four replications, constituted by three sugarcane genotypes: RB867515; RB855536 and SP80-3280 and two crop management: drip irrigation system and rainfed system, totalizing six treatments. The first cycle lasted for 336 days, with rainfall of 1,480 mm. The volume of water provided by the system of drip irrigation was 400 mm, totaling 1,880 mm. The second cycle lasted for 365 days, the volume of water through rainfall was 1,394 mm, added to 320 mm provided by the system of irrigation, totaled 1,714 mm. Interaction between management and cultivars was found significant for the variables: productivity of stalks (TCH) and sugar yield (TPH), in which the largest difference was observed for cultivar SP80-3280. There was significant response to drip irrigation, on average the increase of production of stalks and sugar was 24 and 23%, respectively.

Uso de reguladores de crescimento como potencializadores do perfilhamento e da produtividade em cana-soca

The use of plant growth regulators as ripeners in sugarcane has been an agronomic practice with well solidified results. However, the residual effect of these products over the next ratoon is still not very well studied. This research aimed to evaluate the residual effect of two plant growth regulators, applied before the harvest, in the stool regrowth and productivity of three sugarcane genotypes. The experiment was carried out near Jau (SP). The experimental design was a randomized complete block, in split-plot, with four repetitions, constituted by the genotypes IAC87-3396, IAC91-2195 and IAC91-5155, and by three crop management: 20 g ha-1 sulfomethuron-methyl; 480 g a.i. ha-1 ethephon and control. The growth regulators were applied 126 days before harvest. To quantify the action of growth regulators the following variables were evaluated: the number of tillers m-1 at 0, 90, 180, 270 and 360 days after the harvest; the final percentage of stalk number by meter in relation to the initial percentage; the mass of 10 stalks, the length and the diameter of stalks; the pol and the fiber% cane, the reducing and total recoverable sugars, and the productivity of stalks and sugar. It was concluded that there was stimulating effect on the emergency of tillering up to six months after the harvest. The ethephon promoted larger productivities of stalks and sugar. There were differences among genotypes in relation to growth regulators for stalk length. There was no effect on the technological quality over the subsequent ratoon crop.

Doenças e características físicas e químicas pós-colheita em maracujá amarelo de cultivo convencional e orgânico no centro oeste paulista

ABSTRACT-After harvested, yellow passion fruit have an increase in rot susceptibility and significant loss of fresh mass. Thepurposes of this work were to identify and quantify post harvest diseases and to evaluate the physical chemical characteristics ofyellow passion fruits grown under conventional and organic cropping systems. Fruits from both cropping systems were individuali zedand kept in a humid chamber for 24h, previously at 13 days period at 25±2oC and 70-80% RH. The incidence of diseases and theshrinkage index were visually assessed after fruit gathering and, then, every three days. Fruits were also characterized as to skinthickness, pulp content, titratable acidity and soluble solids content. There was high incidence of post harvest diseases in bothconventional and organic cropping systems. Anthracnose was the main disease, with 100% of incidence on fruits from both croppin gsystems, followed by Fusarium rot, with 25.5% in the conventional and 19.0% in the organic systems. Incidence of Phomopsis rot washigher in the conventional crop (11.0%) than in the organic crop (2.0%). Anthracnose severity was estimated using a diagrammaticscale, and corresponded to 34.1% in organic fruits and 39.8% in conventional ones. Organic fruits were bigger, and presented gr eaterskin thickness, less pulp content and greater soluble solids amount. Shrinkage indexes of fruit from both cropping systems did notdiffer. The results suggest the adoption of phyto sanitary control in the field and during post harvest stage aiming fruits with betterquality.Index Terms: Passiflora edulis, diseases, quality.

Efeito hormótico de gliphosate no desenvolvimento inicial de cana-de-açúcar

Hormesis is defined as the stimulating effect of small doses of substances, which in larger doses are inhibitory. This research aimed at evaluating the effect of low doses of the herbicide glyphosate on the initial development of sugarcane in greenhouse. Sugarcane plants were obtained from isolated buds planted in plastic pots of 2.5 L. At 50 days after planting, glyphosate was sprayed at 0, 1.8, 3.6, 7.2, 18, 36, 72, 180, 360 and 720 g AE ha-1. At 0 and 25 days after application (daa), plant height, tiller number, number of green leaves, number of dead leaves and estimated chlorophyll contents (index SPAD) were evaluated. At 25 evaluated daa, fresh and dry mass of above-ground plant and roots were also determined. The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design with four replications. The glyphosate dose of 1.8 g AE ha-1 stimulated growth traits at the initial development of sugarcane. This hormetic effect could be used to manage the crop to exploit better the production environment.

Addition of proteic nitrogen during alcoholic fermentation for the production of cachaça

Cachaca is the denomination of a typical and exclusive Brazilian spirit produced from the distillation of fermented sugarcane juice must. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding yeast extract to the sugarcane juice used for sugarcane liquor production, because for the artisanal process no studies are available on nitrogen addition nor beverage quality, involving nitrogen complementation. Results of previous studies in the laboratory scale showed that sugarcane juice complementation with proteic nitrogen can be a beneficial practice for yeast multiplication and cellular growth, and also for the improvement of fermentation yield and liquor productivity. In this pilot scale study, using recycled yeast, the addition of proteic nitrogen influenced positively the cell viability, confirmed the yeast recycling operation, and also reduced the fermentation time. The proteic nitrogen addition did not affect the sensory acceptance of the distillate, and did not change the contents of volatile compounds, indicating that assimilable forms of proteic nitrogen can be helpfull to improve the alcoholic fermentation for cachaca production.

Doenças pós-colheita em variedades de manga cultivadas em Pindorama, São Paulo

The present work aims to evaluate the occurrence of postharvest diseases of 15 mango varieties, cultivated in Pindorama, state of Sao Paulo, without chemical products. Fruits were individualized and kept in a humid chamber for 24 h, previously at nine days period at 25±2oC and 70-80% RH. The incidence of postharvest diseases and the severity of anthracnose were evaluated in three days intervals. At the beginning of the storage period, the fruits were also characterized as to soluble solids and titratable acidity content. Anthracnose was the main disease in the fifteen varieties of mangos, with 100% of incidence one day after harvest, followed by stem-end rot, with average among the varieties of 20.8% at the end of the storage. Smaller anthracnose severity was observed in the Surpresa and Zill varieties, while smaller incidence of the stem-end rot was observed in Winter and Pele de Moca varieties. Correlation analyses among the soluble solid and titratable acidity parameters of the varieties with the intensity of the anthracnose and stem-end rot were just significant only between acidity and anthracnose, before and after the storage period.

SOYA PROTEIN ISOLATED IN ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CACHAÇA

SOYA PROTEIN ISOLATED IN ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CACHACA The goal of this work was to evaluate the use of soya protein isolated as a proteic nitrogen organic source for sugar cane juice complementation and the effect in the yeast cell viability maintenance and cachaca quality. Batch fermentations of sugarcane juice with yeast recycling were performed, in scale pilot. The soya protein isolated influenced positively the cellular viability maintenance, and consequently resulted in a better recycled ferment and a reduction in time of fermentation. The proteic nitrogen addition in the juice didn’t affect the sensory acceptance of cachaca, and also didn’t result in different levels of volatile compounds. KEY-WORDS: Saccharomyces cerevisiae; CELULAR VIABILITY; VOLATILE COMPOUNDS; SENSORY ANALYSIS.

Processo de formalização da cachaça de alambique no Estado de São Paulo

O produto cachaca passou por profundas transformacoes no segmento produtivo, legislacao, imagem do produto e consumo. Essas mudancas sao incertas para agricultura familiar se manter na atividade, para tal serao apresentadas variaveis que afetam a competitividade da cachaca de alambique paulista. O objetivo do artigo e contribuir para a discussao na geracao de renda para os pequenos produtores rurais de cachaca de alambique, atraves do processo de formalizacao da atividade. Nesse sentido, o retorno do Simples teve resultados significativos em numero de produtores de cachaca de alambique, no territorio nacional, mas que ainda sao necessarias melhorias no processo de formalizacao, alem da questao tributaria, principalmente para os pequenos produtores de cachaca paulista. Palavras-chave: produtores rurais; competitividade; legislacao.