Aparecida Marques de Almeida

Doenças e características físicas e químicas pós-colheita em maracujá amarelo de cultivo convencional e orgânico no centro oeste paulista

ABSTRACT-After harvested, yellow passion fruit have an increase in rot susceptibility and significant loss of fresh mass. Thepurposes of this work were to identify and quantify post harvest diseases and to evaluate the physical chemical characteristics ofyellow passion fruits grown under conventional and organic cropping systems. Fruits from both cropping systems were individuali zedand kept in a humid chamber for 24h, previously at 13 days period at 25±2oC and 70-80% RH. The incidence of diseases and theshrinkage index were visually assessed after fruit gathering and, then, every three days. Fruits were also characterized as to skinthickness, pulp content, titratable acidity and soluble solids content. There was high incidence of post harvest diseases in bothconventional and organic cropping systems. Anthracnose was the main disease, with 100% of incidence on fruits from both croppin gsystems, followed by Fusarium rot, with 25.5% in the conventional and 19.0% in the organic systems. Incidence of Phomopsis rot washigher in the conventional crop (11.0%) than in the organic crop (2.0%). Anthracnose severity was estimated using a diagrammaticscale, and corresponded to 34.1% in organic fruits and 39.8% in conventional ones. Organic fruits were bigger, and presented gr eaterskin thickness, less pulp content and greater soluble solids amount. Shrinkage indexes of fruit from both cropping systems did notdiffer. The results suggest the adoption of phyto sanitary control in the field and during post harvest stage aiming fruits with betterquality.Index Terms: Passiflora edulis, diseases, quality.

Danos em pós-colheita de goiabas na Região do Centro-Oeste Paulista

Abstract Postharvest diseases represent a serious drawback to guava crop, once they reduce quality and quantity of fruits for mar-keting. This study identified and quantified mechanical injuries resulting from the processes of harvesting and transporting of guavas and the incidence of postharvest diseases and pests in ‘Pedro Sato’ guava commercialized at CEASA/Bauru and in ‘Pedro Sato’ and ‘Paluma’ guavas cultivated in the Midwest Region of the State of Sao Paulo. Guava fruit collected at four harvest stages (harvest with gloves, harvest bag, tractor trailer and packing table) and at a wholesale market (CEASA) were stored for nine days at 25 oC. The incidence of damages was visually evaluated every three days. The occurrence of rot fruit was higher in Pedro Sato cultivar (92.0% to 96.6%) than in ‘Paluma’ (77.1%) at the end of storage period. Anthracnose was the main disease in the two cultivars, followed for the black spot. The incidence of mechanical injuries increased along the harvest stages; however, it was not related to the occurrence of rots. High infestation of fruit fly in ‘Paluma’ guava was also verified.Key words:

Reação de maracujazeiro-amarelo ao complexo fusariose-nematoide de galha

The present work was conducted in greenhouse conditions at APTA/Bauru, Sao Paulo State, during the first semester of 2007, with the objective of evaluating the resistance of two varieties of yellow passion fruit, Maguari and Afruvec, to the Fusarium solani-Meloidogyne incognita race 3 complex. The experimental delineation was entirely randomized in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement, with 4-5 repetitions, with the plot constituted by 1 vase containing 1 plant. The appraised parameters in the assay were disease severity, caused by F. solani , measuring the lesion length (cm) in the collar zone of plants and number of galls formed by M. incognita race 3 in the root system. The two varieties of yellow passion fruit showed susceptibility to F. solani. Only in the Afruvec variety, the presence of nematode resulted in increase of fusariosis. As for resistance to the phytonematode, the Maguary variety was classified as resistant in the presence or absence of Fusarium. In contrast, for the Afruvec variety, the presence of Fusarium resulted in reduction of resistance to the nematode, going from moderately resistant to susceptible.

Elaboração e validação de escala diagramática para quantificação da severidade da antracnose em frutos de maracujá amarelo

A diagrammatic scale was developed to standardize severity assessments of anthracnose on yellow passion fruit, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The scale was elaborated considering the maximum and minimum limits of disease severity. The percentile values for anthracnose symptoms followed logarithmic increments (1, 3, 8, 21, 44 e 70%). To validate the scale, ten raters (five inexperienced and five experienced) quantified the disease severity, without and using the scale, of 50 fruits with anthracnose symptoms. Assessments with the diagrammatic scale had higher precision and accuracy for majority of raters, besides being more reproducible among raters. The proposed diagrammatic scale was considered adequate to estimate anthracnose severity in yellow passion fruits and could be used in epidemiological and control studies.A diagrammatic scale was developed to standardize severity assessments of anthracnose on yellow passion fruit, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The scale was elaborated considering the maximum and minimum limits of disease severity. The percentile values for anthracnose symptoms followed logarithmic increments (1, 3, 8, 21, 44 e 70%). To validate the scale, ten raters (five inexperienced and five experienced) quantified the disease severity, without and using the scale, of 50 fruits with anthracnose symptoms. Assessments with the diagrammatic scale had higher precision and accuracy for majority of raters, besides being more reproducible among raters. The proposed diagrammatic scale was considered adequate to estimate anthracnose severity in yellow passion fruits and could be used in epidemiological and control studies.

Doenças pós-colheita em variedades de manga cultivadas em Pindorama, São Paulo

The present work aims to evaluate the occurrence of postharvest diseases of 15 mango varieties, cultivated in Pindorama, state of Sao Paulo, without chemical products. Fruits were individualized and kept in a humid chamber for 24 h, previously at nine days period at 25±2oC and 70-80% RH. The incidence of postharvest diseases and the severity of anthracnose were evaluated in three days intervals. At the beginning of the storage period, the fruits were also characterized as to soluble solids and titratable acidity content. Anthracnose was the main disease in the fifteen varieties of mangos, with 100% of incidence one day after harvest, followed by stem-end rot, with average among the varieties of 20.8% at the end of the storage. Smaller anthracnose severity was observed in the Surpresa and Zill varieties, while smaller incidence of the stem-end rot was observed in Winter and Pele de Moca varieties. Correlation analyses among the soluble solid and titratable acidity parameters of the varieties with the intensity of the anthracnose and stem-end rot were just significant only between acidity and anthracnose, before and after the storage period.

First report of Lasiodiplodia theobromae on Asclepias physocarpa in Brazil

Dark necrosis on the collar region, stem and in budding was observed in balloon plants (Asclepias physocarpa) in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Lasiodiplodia theobromae was identified as the causal agent. This is the first record of L. theobromae on A. physocarpa in Brazil.

Reação de maracujazeiro-amarelo ao complexo fusariose-nematoide de galha - DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v32i2.3445

The present work was conducted in greenhouse conditions at APTA/Bauru, Sao Paulo State, during the first semester of 2007, with the objective of evaluating the resistance of two varieties of yellow passion fruit, Maguari and Afruvec, to the Fusarium solani-Meloidogyne incognita race 3 complex. The experimental delineation was entirely randomized in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement, with 4-5 repetitions, with the plot constituted by 1 vase containing 1 plant. The appraised parameters in the assay were disease severity, caused by F. solani , measuring the lesion length (cm) in the collar zone of plants and number of galls formed by M. incognita race 3 in the root system. The two varieties of yellow passion fruit showed susceptibility to F. solani. Only in the Afruvec variety, the presence of nematode resulted in increase of fusariosis. As for resistance to the phytonematode, the Maguary variety was classified as resistant in the presence or absence of Fusarium. In contrast, for the Afruvec variety, the presence of Fusarium resulted in reduction of resistance to the nematode, going from moderately resistant to susceptible.

Reaction of yellow passion fruit to fusariosis-root-knot nematode complex

The present work was conducted in greenhouse conditions at APTA/Bauru, Sao Paulo State, during the first semester of 2007, with the objective of evaluating the resistance of two varieties of yellow passion fruit, Maguari and Afruvec, to the Fusarium solani-Meloidogyne incognita race 3 complex. The experimental delineation was entirely randomized in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement, with 4-5 repetitions, with the plot constituted by 1 vase containing 1 plant. The appraised parameters in the assay were disease severity, caused by F. solani , measuring the lesion length (cm) in the collar zone of plants and number of galls formed by M. incognita race 3 in the root system. The two varieties of yellow passion fruit showed susceptibility to F. solani. Only in the Afruvec variety, the presence of nematode resulted in increase of fusariosis. As for resistance to the phytonematode, the Maguary variety was classified as resistant in the presence or absence of Fusarium. In contrast, for the Afruvec variety, the presence of Fusarium resulted in reduction of resistance to the nematode, going from moderately resistant to susceptible.

First report ofLasiodiplodia theobromae onAsclepias physocarpa in Brazil

Dark necrosis on the collar region, stem and in budding was observed in balloon plants (Asclepias physocarpa) in São Paulo State, Brazil.Lasiodiplodia theobromae was identified as the causal agent. This is the first record ofL. theobromae onA. physocarpa in Brazil.