Elisete Maria de Freitas

Florística arbórea e arbustiva de um fragmento de Mata Ciliar do arroio Boa Vista, Teutônia, RS, Brasil

Tree and shrub floristics of a fragment of the riparian forest surrounding Boa Vista Stream, Teutonia, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil). The riparian vegetation plays important roles in soil protection and ecosystem conservation. The aim of this study was to inventory the diversity of tree and shrub floristics in a fragment of the riparian forest at Boa Vista Stream, in Teutonia, Rio Grande do Sul State. To survey the species, we performed exploring rides around the fragment, once a month, from March to October 2012. Were identified 50 species, 47 genres, and 24 families. The richest family in species was Fabaceae, followed by Myrtaceae and Euphorbiaceae, following the standards of other surveys on riparian vegetation in Rio Grande do Sul State. Considering the size of the area, the degree of human disturbance in their surroundings, and the number of species in other riparian forest fragments studied in Rio Grande do Sul State, species richness is high. Most species have a wide geographic distribution in the State.

Chemical Composition and Evaluation Preliminary of Antileishmanial Activity in vitro of Essential Oil from Leaves of Eugenia pitanga, A Native Species of Southern of Brazil

Abstract Eugenia pitanga (O.Berg) Nied., Myrtaceae, popularly known as pitanga-do-campo, is a species native from Pampa biome, in southern of Brazil and is popularly used as antidiarrheal, anti-rheumatic, stimulant and febrifuge. The aim of this work was to determine the chemical composition of essential oil from fresh leaves of Eugenia pitanga (O.Berg) Nied. Preliminaries data about antileishmanial activity in vitro of essential oil against promastigotes forms of Leishmania amazonensis are presented. The method to determine the chemical composition of the essential oil from fresh leaves of E. pitanga (EoEp) was gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. EoEp was assayed in vitro for antileishmanial activity against promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis. The EoEp comprised 57 components and was rich in oxygenated sesquiterpenes (72.97 %) with spathulenol (15.34 %), globulol (10.93 %) and (2E,6E) methyl farnesoate (7.40 %) as the major constituents. EoEp was effective against L. amazonensis promastigotes with IC50 value of 6.10 ± 1.80 μg/mL. This work reports for the first time the composition of essential oil from leaves of E. pitanga from Pampa Biome, and it suggests the importance of continuing the studies in order to explain the antileishmanial activity.

Phytosociological study of a riverine forest remnant from Taquari river, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

(Phytosociological study of a riverine forest remnant from Taquari river, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Aiming to characterize the structure of the arboreal community in a riverine forest remnant of the Taquari river, State of Rio Grande do Sul, 42 sampling units of 100 m2 (10 × 10 m) were located. Phytosociological parameters were also assessed and the indexes of Shannon diversity (H’) and Pielou evenness (J) were evaluated. A total of 39 species, 21 families, 2.83 nats ind-1 for H’ and 0.77 for J were recorded. Among the species found, the endemic Callisthene inundata O.L. Bueno, A.D. Nilson & R.G. Magalh. and Picrasma crenata (Vell.) Engl. are included in the list of endangered species. The density found was of 1,557.14 ind ha-1. Luehea divaricata Mart. and Lonchocarpus nitidus Benth. showed the highest indexes of importance values. Besides contributing to the knowledge of species distribution and community structure, this study points out the need for conservation of existing native forest remnants.

Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in the northern coastal region of the Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

This work aims to evaluate the phytoseiid fauna in natural environments of the coastal plain of the northern coast of the Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The plants were sampled from locations within the counties of Tramandaí and Osório during the last month of each season. Three locations were chosen in the Tramandaí area: (A1) – sand dunes; (A2) – mangrove and (A3) – forest plantation; and one in Osório: (A4) – hill with dense rainforest. A total of 561 specimens belonging to 29 species were collected. The preserved areas presented higher richness, given that the A4 area stood out as the richest, with 18 species, and A1 presented the lowest richness, with four species. The most abundant genus was Amblyseius, with five species, followed by Neoseiulus and Iphiseiodes, with three species. A redescription of Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) ornatus and a key for the species in this paper are provided.

VALORIZAÇÃO DOS ESPAÇOS ATRATIVOS NATURAIS NO MUNICÍPIO DE VESPASIANO CORRÊA, RIO GRANDE DO SUL.

The practice of tourism is increasing a lot due to the necessity of running away from the big caos in big city centers and also due to the recent growth of environmental awareness. Among many options there are the rural places and the natural landscapes. The landscape of the municipality of Vespasiano Correa, Rio Grande do Sul offers potential to the turism practice. This study has the objective of indicating natural areas to practice tourism and define strategies for the sustainable exploration of these places. An interview with local inhabitants was done to define the better places. The areas mentioned by the locals were found in the municipality map and the three most indicated ones were tracked to have descriptions, such as vegetation, physical aspects and the present preservation conditions. Then, strategies for the sustainable exploration of the areas and its recovering from the environmental damages were defined. The most indicated areas were the complex of the Viaduto 13, Cascata Rasga Diabo and Cascata Camping. The main environmental problems observed were the invasion of exotic species of vegetation, the permanent occupation of the preservation areas by constructions and the presence of solid wastes. It’s suggested the elaboration of an environmental project to remove the exotic vegetal species, the construction in the preservation areas and the implementation of a touristic project based on environmental education.