Eliseu Verly Junior

Determinantes do consumo de frutas e hortaliças em adolescentes por regressão quantílica

OBJECTIVE To analyze fruit and vegetable intake in adolescents and to identify associated factors. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 812 adolescents of both sexes in the city of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, in 2003. Food consumption was measured with the 24-hour dietary recall. Fruit and vegetable intake was described in percentiles. Quantile regression models were used to investigate the association between this intake and explanatory variables. RESULTS Of all adolescents interviewed, 6.4% consumed the minimum recommendation of 400 g/day of fruits and vegetables and 22% did not consume any type of fruits and vegetables. According to quantile regression models, adjusted for energy intake, age group and sex, per capita household income and head of households level of education were positively associated with fruit and vegetable intake, whereas smoking habit showed a negative association. Income was significantly associated with lower intake percentiles (p20 to p55); smoking, with intermediate percentiles (p45 to p75); and head of households level of education, with higher percentiles (p70 to 95). CONCLUSIONS Fruit and vegetable intake among adolescents of São Paulo was below the Ministry of Healths recommendations and it is influenced by per capita household income, head of familys level of education and smoking habit.OBJETIVO: Analisar o consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras (FLV) de adolescentes e identificar fatores associados. METODOS: Estudo transversal de base populacional com amostra representativa de 812 adolescentes de ambos os sexos de Sao Paulo, SP, em 2003. O consumo alimentar foi medido pelo recordatorio alimentar de 24 horas. O consumo de FLV foi descrito em percentis e para investigar a associacao entre a ingestao de FLV e variaveis explanatorias; foram utilizados modelos de regressao quantilica. RESULTADOS: Dos adolescentes entrevistados, 6,4% consumiram a recomendacao minima de 400 g/dia de FLV e 22% nao consumiram nenhum tipo de FLV. Nos modelos de regressao quantilica, ajustados pelo consumo energetico, faixa etaria e sexo, a renda domiciliar per capita e a escolaridade do chefe de familia associaram-se positivamente ao consumo de FLV, enquanto o habito de fumar associou-se negativamente. Renda associou-se significativamente aos menores percentis de ingestao (p20 ao p55); tabagismo aos percentis intermediarios (p45 ao p75) e escolaridade do chefe de familia aos percentis finais de consumo de FLV (p70 ao p95). CONCLUSOES: O consumo de FLV por adolescentes paulistanos mostrou-se abaixo das recomendacoes do Ministerio da Saude e e influenciado pela renda domiciliar per capita, pela escolaridade do chefe de familia e pelo habito de fumar.

Inadequate nutrient intake among the Brazilian elderly: National Dietary Survey 2008-2009

OBJETIVO: Estimar la prevalencia de ingestion inadecuada de nutrientes en la poblacion anciana brasilena. METODOS: Se analizaron datos de la Pesquisa Nacional de Alimentacion como parte de la Investigacion de Presupuestos Familiares, en 2008-2009. Datos de consumo alimentario individual de 4.322 individuos con 60 anos o mas se obtuvieron por medio de registro alimentario de dos dias no consecutivos. La ingestion habitual para cada nutriente fue estimada por el metodo del National Cancer Institute, cuyos modelos tuvieron como co-variables sexo y region. Las prevalencias de inadecuacion de ingestion de micronutrientes se estimaron segun sexo y region utilizando el metodo de la EAR como punto de corte. RESULTADOS: Elevadas prevalencias de inadecuacion (>50%) se observaron para las vitaminas E, D, A, calcio, magnesio y piridoxina en ambos sexos. En todas las regiones, se observo 100% de inadecuacion de vitamina E. Vitamina D obtuvo porcentajes de inadecuacion proximos a 100% en todas las regiones, excepto para la region Norte. Las prevalencias de inadecuacion de vitamina A fueron superiores a 70% en las regiones Norte, Noreste y Centro-oeste. Calcio y magnesio fueron los minerales con mayor prevalencia de ingestion inadecuada (>80%) en todas las regiones. CONCLUSIONES: Ancianos brasilenos presentaban elevada inadecuacion de ingestion de nutrientes, reconocidos como protectores contra enfermedades cronicas.

Ingestão inadequada de nutrientes na população de idosos do Brasil: Inquérito Nacional de Alimentação 2008-2009

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalencia de ingestao inadequada de nutrientes na populacao idosa brasileira. METODOS: Foram analisados dados do Inquerito Nacional de Alimentacao como parte da Pesquisa de Orcamentos Familiares, em 2008-2009. Dados de consumo alimentar individual de 4.322 individuos com 60 anos ou mais foram obtidos por meio do registro alimentar de dois dias nao consecutivos. A ingestao habitual para cada nutriente foi estimada pelo metodo do National Cancer Institute, cujos modelos tiveram como covariaveis sexo e regiao. As prevalencias de inadequacao de ingestao de micronutrientes foram estimadas segundo sexo e regiao utilizando o metodo da EAR como ponte de corte. RESULTADOS: Elevadas prevalencias de inadequacao (> 50%) foram observadas para as vitaminas E, D, A, calcio, magnesio e piridoxina em ambos os sexos. Em todas as regioes, observou-se 100% de inadequacao de vitamina E. Vitamina D obteve percentuais de inadequacao proximos de 100% em todas as regioes, exceto para a regiao Norte. As prevalencias de inadequacao de vitamina A foram superiores a 70% nas regioes Norte, Nordeste e Centro-Oeste. Calcio e magnesio foram os minerais com maior prevalencia de ingestao inadequada (> 80%) em todas as regioes. CONCLUSOES: Idosos brasileiros apresentam elevada inadequacao da ingestao de nutrientes, reconhecidos como protetores contra doencas cronicas.

Socio-economic variables influence the prevalence of inadequate nutrient intake in Brazilian adolescents: results from a population-based survey

OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of inadequate nutrient intake among adolescents and the association between socio-economic variables and nutritional status. DESIGN Cross-sectional study with a population-based sample. SETTINGS The usual nutrient intake distribution was estimated using the Iowa State University method. The Estimated Average Requirement cut-off point method was used to determine the proportion of adolescents with inadequate intake for each nutrient, according to sex, income, parental educational level and nutritional status. SUBJECTS Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls were applied in 525 male and female Brazilian adolescents aged 14-18 years. RESULTS The highest prevalence of inadequate nutrient intake was observed for vitamin E (99 % in both sexes). For male and female adolescents, the prevalence of inadequate intake was: Mg, 89 % and 84 %; vitamin A, 78 % and 71 %; vitamin C, 79 % and 53 %; and vitamin B6, 21 % and 33 %, respectively. The prevalence of inadequate intake for niacin, thiamin, riboflavin, Se, Cu and vitamin B12 was <15 %. Individuals in the lower income and lower parental educational level strata had the highest risk of having inadequate intake for P, riboflavin and vitamins A, B6 and B12. Compared with non-overweight individuals, overweight individuals had a higher risk of inadequate intake for Mg, vitamin A, P, thiamin and riboflavin. CONCLUSIONS The present study found a high prevalence of inadequate intake of nutrients that are recognised as being protective against chronic diseases. Adolescents in the lower income and lower parental educational level strata were less likely to have their nutrient intake requirements met.

Determinants of fruit and vegetable intake in adolescents using quantile regression

OBJECTIVE To analyze fruit and vegetable intake in adolescents and to identify associated factors. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 812 adolescents of both sexes in the city of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, in 2003. Food consumption was measured with the 24-hour dietary recall. Fruit and vegetable intake was described in percentiles. Quantile regression models were used to investigate the association between this intake and explanatory variables. RESULTS Of all adolescents interviewed, 6.4% consumed the minimum recommendation of 400 g/day of fruits and vegetables and 22% did not consume any type of fruits and vegetables. According to quantile regression models, adjusted for energy intake, age group and sex, per capita household income and head of households level of education were positively associated with fruit and vegetable intake, whereas smoking habit showed a negative association. Income was significantly associated with lower intake percentiles (p20 to p55); smoking, with intermediate percentiles (p45 to p75); and head of households level of education, with higher percentiles (p70 to 95). CONCLUSIONS Fruit and vegetable intake among adolescents of São Paulo was below the Ministry of Healths recommendations and it is influenced by per capita household income, head of familys level of education and smoking habit.OBJETIVO: Analisar o consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras (FLV) de adolescentes e identificar fatores associados. METODOS: Estudo transversal de base populacional com amostra representativa de 812 adolescentes de ambos os sexos de Sao Paulo, SP, em 2003. O consumo alimentar foi medido pelo recordatorio alimentar de 24 horas. O consumo de FLV foi descrito em percentis e para investigar a associacao entre a ingestao de FLV e variaveis explanatorias; foram utilizados modelos de regressao quantilica. RESULTADOS: Dos adolescentes entrevistados, 6,4% consumiram a recomendacao minima de 400 g/dia de FLV e 22% nao consumiram nenhum tipo de FLV. Nos modelos de regressao quantilica, ajustados pelo consumo energetico, faixa etaria e sexo, a renda domiciliar per capita e a escolaridade do chefe de familia associaram-se positivamente ao consumo de FLV, enquanto o habito de fumar associou-se negativamente. Renda associou-se significativamente aos menores percentis de ingestao (p20 ao p55); tabagismo aos percentis intermediarios (p45 ao p75) e escolaridade do chefe de familia aos percentis finais de consumo de FLV (p70 ao p95). CONCLUSOES: O consumo de FLV por adolescentes paulistanos mostrou-se abaixo das recomendacoes do Ministerio da Saude e e influenciado pela renda domiciliar per capita, pela escolaridade do chefe de familia e pelo habito de fumar.

Independent associations of income and education with nutrient intakes in Brazilian adults: 2008–2009 National Dietary Survey

OBJECTIVE To verify associations of income and education with nutrient intakes in Brazilian adults. DESIGN Data from the population-based National Dietary Survey conducted in 2008-2009. Family per capita income and education levels were categorized into quartiles. Prevalences of inadequate nutrient intakes and excessive intakes of saturated fat and Na were calculated by using the method prescribed by the National Cancer Institute. The Estimated Average Requirement was used as a reference for micronutrient intake. Linear regression models for both the independent and the mutually adjusted associations of education and income with nutrient intakes were tested. Interaction between education and income was tested. SETTING Households (n 13 569) selected using a two-stage cluster sampling design. SUBJECTS Food records for two non-consecutive days were obtained for 21 003 Brazilian adults (aged 20-59 years). RESULTS For most of eleven nutrients, the prevalence of inadequate intake declined with increasing income and education levels; however, it remained high across all income and education quartiles. Excessive intake of saturated fat and low fibre intake increased with both variables. Most nutrients were independently associated with income and education in both sexes. Fe, vitamin B12 and Na intakes among women were associated only with education. There was an interaction between income and education for Na intake in men, P intake in women and Ca intake in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS Education is one important step to improve nutrient intakes in Brazil. Emphasis should be laid on enhancing dietary knowledge and formulating economic strategies that would allow lower-income individuals to adopt a healthy diet.

Away-from-home eating: nutritional status and dietary intake among Brazilian adults

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between eating away from home and BMI and to examine whether dietary intake differs based on the consumption of away-from-home food (AFHF). DESIGN Data were obtained from the first Brazilian National Dietary Survey, using food records. The association between the percentage of energy provided by foods consumed away from home and BMI status was tested using logistic regression models. The mean percentages of energy provided by protein, fat, saturated fat and free sugars were calculated based on the consumption of foods away from home among AFHF consumers. SETTING Urban areas of Brazil. SUBJECTS Adults (n 13 736) between 25 and 65 years old. RESULTS AFHF was not associated with BMI status. Individuals who consumed AFHF had higher intakes of free sugars away from home than at home and had higher intakes of energy-dense foods than AFHF non-consumers. CONCLUSION Although AFHF consumption was not related to overweight or obesity status, individuals who consumed foods away from home had higher intakes of energy-dense foods. Public health policies should be implemented to help people make healthier food choices away from home.

Sources of variation of energy and nutrient intake among adolescents in São Paulo, Brazil

The aim of the current study was to describe the sources of variation of energy and nutrient intake and to calculate the number of repetitions of diet measurements to estimate usual intake in adolescents from São Paulo, Brazil. Data was collected using 24-hour dietary recalls (24hR) in 273 adolescents between 2007 and 2008. Individuals completed a repeat 24hR around two months later. The sources of variation were estimated using the random effect model. Variance ratios (within-person to between-person variance ratio) and the number of repetitions of 24hR to estimate usual intake were calculated. The principal source of variation was due to within-person variance. The contribution of day of week and month of year was less than 8%. Variations ranged from 1.15 for calcium to 7.31 for vitamin E. The number of 24hR repeats required to estimate usual intake varied according to nutrient and gender, numbering 15 for males and 8 for females.

Adesao ao guia alimentar para populacao brasileira

OBJECTIVE : To analyze adherence to the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population. METHODS : Sample composed of participants in the Health Survey for Sao Paulo (n = 1,661) who completed two non-consecutive 24-hour recalls. A bivariate mixed model was created for the ratio of energy from a food group and total energy intake. The estimated ratio was used to calculate the percentage of individuals with intake above or below the recommendation. RESULTS : At least 80.0% of the individuals consume below the recommendation for milk and dairy; fruit and fresh juice; and cereals, tubers and roots; about 60.0% for vegetables; 30.0% for beans; and 8.0% for meat and eggs. Adolescents had the greatest inadequacy for vegetables (90.0%), and the highest income group had the lowest inadequacy for oils, fat and seeds (57.0%). CONCLUSIONS : The intake of food groups related to increased risk of chronic diseases were found to be inadequate.OBJECTIVE To analyze adherence to the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population. METHODS Sample composed of participants in the Health Survey for Sao Paulo (n = 1,661) who completed two non-consecutive 24-hour recalls. A bivariate mixed model was created for the ratio of energy from a food group and total energy intake. The estimated ratio was used to calculate the percentage of individuals with intake above or below the recommendation. RESULTS At least 80.0% of the individuals consume below the recommendation for milk and dairy; fruit and fresh juice; and cereals, tubers and roots; about 60.0% for vegetables; 30.0% for beans; and 8.0% for meat and eggs. Adolescents had the greatest inadequacy for vegetables (90.0%), and the highest income group had the lowest inadequacy for oils, fat and seeds (57.0%). CONCLUSIONS The intake of food groups related to increased risk of chronic diseases were found to be inadequate.

Adherence to the food guide for the Brazilian population

OBJECTIVE : To analyze adherence to the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population. METHODS : Sample composed of participants in the Health Survey for Sao Paulo (n = 1,661) who completed two non-consecutive 24-hour recalls. A bivariate mixed model was created for the ratio of energy from a food group and total energy intake. The estimated ratio was used to calculate the percentage of individuals with intake above or below the recommendation. RESULTS : At least 80.0% of the individuals consume below the recommendation for milk and dairy; fruit and fresh juice; and cereals, tubers and roots; about 60.0% for vegetables; 30.0% for beans; and 8.0% for meat and eggs. Adolescents had the greatest inadequacy for vegetables (90.0%), and the highest income group had the lowest inadequacy for oils, fat and seeds (57.0%). CONCLUSIONS : The intake of food groups related to increased risk of chronic diseases were found to be inadequate.OBJECTIVE To analyze adherence to the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population. METHODS Sample composed of participants in the Health Survey for Sao Paulo (n = 1,661) who completed two non-consecutive 24-hour recalls. A bivariate mixed model was created for the ratio of energy from a food group and total energy intake. The estimated ratio was used to calculate the percentage of individuals with intake above or below the recommendation. RESULTS At least 80.0% of the individuals consume below the recommendation for milk and dairy; fruit and fresh juice; and cereals, tubers and roots; about 60.0% for vegetables; 30.0% for beans; and 8.0% for meat and eggs. Adolescents had the greatest inadequacy for vegetables (90.0%), and the highest income group had the lowest inadequacy for oils, fat and seeds (57.0%). CONCLUSIONS The intake of food groups related to increased risk of chronic diseases were found to be inadequate.