Emanuele Souza Marques

Pobreza, injustiça, e desigualdade social: repensando a formação de profissionais de saúde

The health workers education, capable of answer the demands of the community, has been very discussed, specially in the two last decades. One of the central questions is the need of form human resources, becoming them apt it act in situations of the poverty and of the inequality. To discuss such aspects - in the scope of the Brazilian Health System - is the goal of the present article.

Avaliação das condições de habitação e saneamento: a importância da visita domiciliar no contexto do Programa de Saúde da Família

Knowledge of health-related environmental conditions - such as basic sanitation and housing - are of singular importance for establishing measures designed to upgrade the quality of life at the individual, family and community levels. Through home visits, this paper evaluates families enrolled in the Family Health Program (FHP) in Teixeiras, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, including their housing and basic sanitation conditions. A transverse observational study, its semi-structured questionnaire was applied to 10% (n=364) of the families enrolled in this Program. The net water supply coverage reached 83% of homes in urban areas and 11.7% in rural areas. The public water supply was the final disposal point for the water used in 82.2% of urban dwellings and 10.9% of rural homes. Home visits offer inside glimpses into the lives of the beneficiaries of this Program, particularly in view of the unequal distribution of the sanitation infrastructure between urban and rural areas, constituting an important tool for the Family Health Strategy, by helping identify the key factors in the health x disease processes noted in the settings within which these families live, and paving the way to better health through Health Education.

A influência da rede social da nutriz no aleitamento materno: o papel estratégico dos familiares e dos profissionais de saúde

The objective was to raise and classify scientific works on the influence of the social net of lactating mothers in the context of the breastfeeding. A bibliographical review was done in the main databases (MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO), using as keywords: breastfeeding, weaning and family (and their versions in English and Spanish). Books, thesis, dissertations, and publications in international and national institutions were consulted (WHO, UNICEF, Ministry of Health). It could be observed that the actors that compose the social net of the lactating mothers can interfere in the decision of breastfeeding, through different extents, such as the encouragement/support to the initiative; reviewing the knowledge and cultural values; family tradition; and the cultivation of the indifference/discourage and the pressure exercised on the lactating mothers in relation to the form of feeding the child. In this way, it can infer on the need of the implementation of new health practices regarding to the care of this group. It is worth to highlight, the importance of the professionals to be qualified for the sensitive listening on the meaning of the nursing under the glance of the lactating mothers . Finally, it stands out the importance role of the social net of the lactating mothers, especially the family, for a successful breastfeeding.

Rede social: desvendando a teia de relações interpessoais da nutriz

Este e um estudo qualitativo que se refere a relacao da rede social e a amamentacao. Como fundamentacao teorica, utilizou-se a Teoria da Rede Social de Sanicola, bem como a Teoria das Representacoes Sociais descrita por Moscovici e Minayo. Participaram do estudo maes, pais e avos, de criancas ate dois anos, residentes no municipio de Coimbra-MG. A analise compreensiva da rede social da nutriz revelou que esta pode oferecer apoio/suporte ou nao para o sucesso da lactacao. Assim sendo, o apoio recebido foi expresso de varias formas: (1) Auxilio nas atividades domesticas; (2) Ajuda nos cuidados com o bebe; (3) Estimulo ao aleitamento; e (4) Orientacoes e conselhos. Nessa perspectiva, pensar em rede social implica conhecer o contexto sociocultural no qual a mulher-mae esta inserida, ampliando o olhar sobre a lactacao, alem de fornecer subsidios para a formulacao de politicas publicas mais eficazes em prol do aleitamento.

Representações sociais de mulheres que amamentam sobre a amamentação e o uso de chupeta

Objetivou-se identificar os diferentes significados que envolvem o aleitamento materno e o uso de chupetas de um grupo de maes de criancas menores de seis meses de idade. Adotou-se os preceitos metodologicos da pesquisa qualitativa. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas e individuaism, transcritas na integra e analisadas segundo a tecnica de analise de conteudo de Bardin. A analise compreensiva dos discursos revelou a presenca de representacoes que podem exercer interferencia na decisao de amamentar - tanto positiva, quanto negativamente. Nesse sentido, e importante que os profissionais de saude, conhecam os contextos nos quais estas nutrizes estao inseridas, principalmente suas duvidas, angustias, mitos e crencas em relacao a amamentacao, atuando assim em prol da lactacao.The objective was to identify the different meanings that surround the breastfeeding and the use of pacifiers of a group of mothers of children under six months old. Adopted to the precepts of qualitative research methodology. Interviews were conducted semi-structured individual, transcribed in full and analyzed using the technique to analyse the content of Bardin. The comprehensive analysis of speeches revealed the presence of representations which can carry interference in the decision to breastfeed - both positive, as negatively. In that sense, it is important that health professionals, know the context in which these women are found, especially their doubts, fears, myths and beliefs in relation to breastfeeding, thus acting in favour of lactation.

Práticas e percepções acerca do aleitamento materno: consensos e dissensos no cotidiano de cuidado numa Unidade de Saúde da Família

Este estudo fundamentou-se na pesquisa qualitativa, e teve um duplo objetivo: identificar o significado do aleitamento materno para os profissionais que atuam no PSF e evidenciar os temas convergentes e divergentes em relacao a amamentacao entre os profissionais de saude e as nutrizes. Utilizou a entrevista semiestruturada e o grupo focal como tecnica de coleta de dados. Ao todo, participaram 17 profissionais atuantes na atencao basica de saude e 58 maes de criancas menores de dois anos de idade do municipio de Coimbra, MG. Entre os resultados mais relevantes, destacam-se: a amamentacao foi vista como uma obrigacao da mulher; o discurso profissional remete a necessidade de capacitacao em aleitamento; a analise das falas permitiu evidenciar um verdadeiro descompasso entre o conhecimento relatado pelo profissional e a praxis cotidiana do servico de saude. Neste sentido, destaca-se a importância das politicas de educacao continuada e permanente como elemento-chave na capacitacao em amamentacao, e importante indicador para o planejamento das acoes de saude em nivel local.

Representações sociais sobre a alimentação da nutriz

This is a qualitative study that sought to establish the significance attributed by women to adequate eating habits with respect to prohibited, permitted and breastmilk-enhancing products during breastfeeding. It was based on the Theory of Social Representations described by Moscovici (2003) and Minayo (2006). 58 mothers of children up to 2 years of age living in the city of Coimbra in Minas Gerais state participated in the survey. Comprehensive analysis of feeding revealed that the new mothers interviewed understood the need for a special diet during postpartum based on healthy, fortified and lactose-rich food, as well as the need for ingesting liquids. Breatfeeding mothers appreciated the need to avoid hot, creamy and fatty food. In this perspective, feeding during this physiological phase implies an understanding of cultural, social and historical aspects which dictate eating habits. This assists in understanding customs and beliefs in order to provide professional assistance geared to the group being assisted in its proper context.

Social representations of women who brasfeed about breast feeding and the use of pacifiers

Objetivou-se identificar os diferentes significados que envolvem o aleitamento materno e o uso de chupetas de um grupo de maes de criancas menores de seis meses de idade. Adotou-se os preceitos metodologicos da pesquisa qualitativa. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas e individuaism, transcritas na integra e analisadas segundo a tecnica de analise de conteudo de Bardin. A analise compreensiva dos discursos revelou a presenca de representacoes que podem exercer interferencia na decisao de amamentar - tanto positiva, quanto negativamente. Nesse sentido, e importante que os profissionais de saude, conhecam os contextos nos quais estas nutrizes estao inseridas, principalmente suas duvidas, angustias, mitos e crencas em relacao a amamentacao, atuando assim em prol da lactacao.The objective was to identify the different meanings that surround the breastfeeding and the use of pacifiers of a group of mothers of children under six months old. Adopted to the precepts of qualitative research methodology. Interviews were conducted semi-structured individual, transcribed in full and analyzed using the technique to analyse the content of Bardin. The comprehensive analysis of speeches revealed the presence of representations which can carry interference in the decision to breastfeed - both positive, as negatively. In that sense, it is important that health professionals, know the context in which these women are found, especially their doubts, fears, myths and beliefs in relation to breastfeeding, thus acting in favour of lactation.

Representaciones sociales de madres que amamantan acerca de la lactancia y el uso del chupete

Objetivou-se identificar os diferentes significados que envolvem o aleitamento materno e o uso de chupetas de um grupo de maes de criancas menores de seis meses de idade. Adotou-se os preceitos metodologicos da pesquisa qualitativa. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas e individuaism, transcritas na integra e analisadas segundo a tecnica de analise de conteudo de Bardin. A analise compreensiva dos discursos revelou a presenca de representacoes que podem exercer interferencia na decisao de amamentar - tanto positiva, quanto negativamente. Nesse sentido, e importante que os profissionais de saude, conhecam os contextos nos quais estas nutrizes estao inseridas, principalmente suas duvidas, angustias, mitos e crencas em relacao a amamentacao, atuando assim em prol da lactacao.The objective was to identify the different meanings that surround the breastfeeding and the use of pacifiers of a group of mothers of children under six months old. Adopted to the precepts of qualitative research methodology. Interviews were conducted semi-structured individual, transcribed in full and analyzed using the technique to analyse the content of Bardin. The comprehensive analysis of speeches revealed the presence of representations which can carry interference in the decision to breastfeed - both positive, as negatively. In that sense, it is important that health professionals, know the context in which these women are found, especially their doubts, fears, myths and beliefs in relation to breastfeeding, thus acting in favour of lactation.