Elizabeth G. Hetzler

A Typology for Visualizing Uncertainty

Information analysts must rapidly assess information to determine its usefulness in supporting and informing decision makers. In addition to assessing the content, the analyst must be confident about the quality and veracity of the information. Visualizations can concisely represent vast quantities of information, thus aiding the analyst to examine larger quantities of material; however, visualization programs are challenged to incorporate a notion of confidence or certainty because the factors that influence the certainty or uncertainty of information vary with the type of information and the type of decisions being made. For example, the assessment of potentially subjective human-reported data leads to a large set of uncertainty concerns in fields such as national security, law enforcement (witness reports), and even scientific analysis where data is collected from a variety of individual observers. What’s needed is a formal model or framework for describing uncertainty as it relates to information analysis, to provide a consistent basis for constructing visualizations of uncertainty. This paper proposes an expanded typology for uncertainty, drawing from past frameworks targeted at scientific computing. The typology provides general categories for analytic uncertainty, a framework for creating task-specific refinements to those categories, and examples drawn from the national security field.

Analysis experiences using information visualization

Professional analysts deal with a high volume of information and must constantly work to separate out the valuable data. However, analysts have difficulty determining what data is useful without reading or skimming almost all returned documents from a search. This presents them with a difficult tradeoff. Searching information broadly returns hundreds or thousands of documents. We present lessons learned from an observational study of the application of the InSpire visually oriented text exploitation system in an operational analysis environment.

Workshop 5: information visualization for digital libraries: defining a research agenda for heterogeneous multimedia collections

This workshop will emphasize small group discussion and brainstorming to explore issues of visualization for heterogeneous digital libraries. The power of visualization lies in its ability to convey information at the high bandwidth of the human perceptual system, facilitating recognition of patterns in the information space, and supporting navigation in large collections. How do we extend these benefits to collections that span the range of digital media? Participants will explore this issue, with the aim of identifying a research agenda.