Elizabeth M. Almquist

Women in national legislatures

This study tests macrostructural theories of gender stratification by examining womens representation in national legislatures. Political structural variables are combined with the variables suggested by the propositions of Janet Chafetz and Rae Blumberg. Both developed and developing nations are represented in the data set of 73 countries. The most important finding for theory is that womens rate of labor force participation is a powerful predictor of womens political status.

Sex stereotypes in occupational choice: The case for college women

Abstract The choice of a male dominated occupation rather than a traditionally feminine one is the single occupational variable which meaningfully divides a class of women who were studied intensively over the 4 yr of college. Women who choose occupations which employ largely men differ predictably from women who select feminine occupations in terms of familial influence, work values, work experience, role model influence and some collegiate activities. The two groups do not differ appreciably in sociability experiences or in relationships with parents, so it cannot be argued that the work plans of the pioneer women stem from social isolation, rejection, or lack of appropriate feminine socialization.

Women's Career Aspirations and Achievements College and Seven Years After

This report describes the educational, occupational, and familial behavior a panel of sixty-four women exhibited during the first seven yearsfollowing their college gradua tion. Their career patterns are compared with the aspirations they held as seniors in college. The findings reveal high consistency between senior aspirations and actual behavior on some items, e.g., mariage and graduate school, but less consistency on others, including occupational choice. Generally the women worked more often and had children less frequently than they had anticipated. The actual life style patterns of these women and their aspirations for the future result from the fact that women pursue a contingency strategy in organizing their adult lives.

Male and Female Roles in the Lyrics of Three Genres of Contemporary Music

The lyrics of 151 songs representing Country, Soul, and Easy Listening genres are content analyzed for conformity or nonconformity to specific stereotypical sex role traits. Males conform to stereotypical male traits in all three genres more often than women conform to stereotypical female traits. The variability in female traits may be due to varying interpretations of the female role by male lyricists or to actual variation in role expectations among American subcultures.

LABOR MARKET GENDER INEQUALITY IN MINORITY GROUPS

Womens small share of professional and managerial occupations compared with their share of the total labor force is examined for the 11 largest racial and ethnic minorities in the United States. Gender-related characteristics—womens labor force participation rates, marital status, and the sex ratio—influence womens share of the top jobs, as do class and ethnic variables such as place of birth, population size, and class of worker. Labor market gender inequality is greatest among the smaller, more affluent minorities, many of whom are recent immigrants to this country. The larger, frequently indigenous, minority groups exhibit less of this kind of inequality. Minority and gender status intersect, so that men monopolize surplus resources among the more affluent minority groups and use these resources to secure a more advantaged labor market position.

The Underside of History: A View of Women Through Time.@@@Women in the Twentieth Century World.

The revised two-volume edition of this classic in the feminist literature makes available to new generations of students and scholars an original, well written and carefully thought-out representation of civilizations development. Elise Boulding offers a comprehensive and fascinating inventory of womens contributions to history over time and presents many invaluable models which can assist in relating history from a much-needed womens perspective. Volume One concentrates on pre-history and the earliest civilizing roles of women. Volume Two focuses on the transition centuries and includes additional new material on the 20th century womens movement and the resultant social transformations, as well as an exciting epilogue entitled Creating Futures.