David E. Payne

U.S. TV in Iceland: a Synthesis of Studies

ers by integrating and expanding parts of two projects studying mass media in Iceland. Much of the literature on information, value, and attitude transfer is more historical than empirical.3 Some studies are mainly descriptive’ and many of the remaining studies are limited by short-term manipulation of the independent variable, serious contamination from other cross-cultural contact, or confounding of the effects of different media.5 As a result, findings of these studies have often been tentative and have contradicted each other.’