Elizabeth Mancke

Britain's oceanic empire : Atlantic and Indian Ocean worlds, c. 1550-1850

In the mid-eighteenth century, some Britons who looked outward to the wider world discerned a transoceanic imperial presence that was global in both its ambition and scope. Long-established patterns of settlement and commercial activity had created extended regional networks of colonies and trading posts; worldwide warfare against the French and Spanish had projected the military and naval reach of the state far into the western and eastern hemispheres; and maritime exploration promised to open yet more spheres of British inl uence. These myriad overseas enterprises had become a single, if as yet only loosely integrated, empire and observers emphasised the strength, status, and comparative advantage that such developments afforded to Britain. In some imaginations, Britain now possessed a global empire, an accomplishment celebrated widely in architecture, song, verse, and visual art. 1 Other Britons, however, perceived the nation’s overseas activities quite differently – as haphazard, scattered, and unconnected – and saw not one coherent empire but instead several discrete areas of inl uence, each of which possessed its own distinctive forms and dei ning characteristics. 2 These divergent eighteenth-century interpretations of British overseas activities manifested the palpable uncertainty in how to interpret – and by extension govern – the diversity of enterprises that the English, Welsh, Irish, and Scots had established, many of which seemed quite incommensurable: an eighteenth-century logwood camp on the Miskito Coast of Central America differed greatly from the vibrant port city of1. Introduction: Britains oceanic empire H. V. Bowen, Elizabeth Mancke and John G. Reid Part I. The Oceans: 2. Geographies of the British Atlantic world Stephen J. Hornsby 3. Britain in the Indian Ocean region and beyond: contours, connections, and the creation of a global maritime empire H. V. Bowen Part II. Sovereignty, Law, and Governance: 4. Imperial constitutions: sovereignty and law in the British Atlantic Ken MacMillan 5. Constitutions, contact zones, and imperial ricochets: sovereignty and law in British Asia Robert Travers 6. Company, state, and empire: governance and regulatory frameworks in Asia Philip J. Stern 7. The oriental Atlantic: governance and regulatory frameworks in the British Atlantic world Jerry Bannister Part III. Diplomatic and Military Relations: 8. Subjects, clients, allies or mercenaries? The British use of Irish and Amerindian military power, 1500-1800 Wayne E. Lee 9. Diplomacy between Britons and Native Americans, c.1600-1830 Eric Hinderaker 10. Diplomacy in India, 1526-1858 Michael H. Fisher 11. Army discipline, military cultures, and state formation in colonial India, 1780-1860 Douglas M. Peers Part IV. Commercial and Social Relations: 12. Seths and sahibs: negotiated relationships between indigenous capital and the East India Company Lakshmi Subramanian 13. The commercial economy of eastern India under early British rule Rajat Datta 14. Anglo-Amerindian commercial relations Paul Grant-Costa and Elizabeth Mancke 15. Placing British settlement in the Americas in comparative perspective Trevor Burnard 16. Britains oceanic empire: an afterword H. V. Bowen, Elizabeth Mancke and John G. Reid.

Early Modern Imperial Governance and the Origins of Canadian Political Culture

For the last three decades, scholars of Canadian political culture have favoured ideological explanations for state formation with the starting point being the American Revolution and Loyalist resettlement in British North America. This article challenges both the ideological bias and the late eighteenth-century chronology through a reassessment of early modern developments in the British imperial state. It shows that many of the institutional features associated with the state in British North America and later Canada—strong executives and weak assemblies, Crown control of land and natural resources, parliamentary funding of colonial development and accommodation of non-British subjects—were all institutionalized in the imperial state before the American Revolution and before the arrival of significant numbers of ethnically British settlers to Newfoundland, Nova Scotia and Quebec. Ideological discourses in the British North American colonies that became Canada, unlike those that became the United States, traditionally acknowledged the presence of a strong state in its imperial and colonial manifestations. Rather than challenging its legitimacy, as had Americans, British North Americans, whether liberals, republicans or tories, debated the function of the state and the distribution of power within it.

Britain's Oceanic Empire: Abbreviations

In the mid-eighteenth century, some Britons who looked outward to the wider world discerned a transoceanic imperial presence that was global in both its ambition and scope. Long-established patterns of settlement and commercial activity had created extended regional networks of colonies and trading posts; worldwide warfare against the French and Spanish had projected the military and naval reach of the state far into the western and eastern hemispheres; and maritime exploration promised to open yet more spheres of British inl uence. These myriad overseas enterprises had become a single, if as yet only loosely integrated, empire and observers emphasised the strength, status, and comparative advantage that such developments afforded to Britain. In some imaginations, Britain now possessed a global empire, an accomplishment celebrated widely in architecture, song, verse, and visual art. 1 Other Britons, however, perceived the nation’s overseas activities quite differently – as haphazard, scattered, and unconnected – and saw not one coherent empire but instead several discrete areas of inl uence, each of which possessed its own distinctive forms and dei ning characteristics. 2 These divergent eighteenth-century interpretations of British overseas activities manifested the palpable uncertainty in how to interpret – and by extension govern – the diversity of enterprises that the English, Welsh, Irish, and Scots had established, many of which seemed quite incommensurable: an eighteenth-century logwood camp on the Miskito Coast of Central America differed greatly from the vibrant port city of1. Introduction: Britains oceanic empire H. V. Bowen, Elizabeth Mancke and John G. Reid Part I. The Oceans: 2. Geographies of the British Atlantic world Stephen J. Hornsby 3. Britain in the Indian Ocean region and beyond: contours, connections, and the creation of a global maritime empire H. V. Bowen Part II. Sovereignty, Law, and Governance: 4. Imperial constitutions: sovereignty and law in the British Atlantic Ken MacMillan 5. Constitutions, contact zones, and imperial ricochets: sovereignty and law in British Asia Robert Travers 6. Company, state, and empire: governance and regulatory frameworks in Asia Philip J. Stern 7. The oriental Atlantic: governance and regulatory frameworks in the British Atlantic world Jerry Bannister Part III. Diplomatic and Military Relations: 8. Subjects, clients, allies or mercenaries? The British use of Irish and Amerindian military power, 1500-1800 Wayne E. Lee 9. Diplomacy between Britons and Native Americans, c.1600-1830 Eric Hinderaker 10. Diplomacy in India, 1526-1858 Michael H. Fisher 11. Army discipline, military cultures, and state formation in colonial India, 1780-1860 Douglas M. Peers Part IV. Commercial and Social Relations: 12. Seths and sahibs: negotiated relationships between indigenous capital and the East India Company Lakshmi Subramanian 13. The commercial economy of eastern India under early British rule Rajat Datta 14. Anglo-Amerindian commercial relations Paul Grant-Costa and Elizabeth Mancke 15. Placing British settlement in the Americas in comparative perspective Trevor Burnard 16. Britains oceanic empire: an afterword H. V. Bowen, Elizabeth Mancke and John G. Reid.

Britain's Oceanic Empire: Contents

In the mid-eighteenth century, some Britons who looked outward to the wider world discerned a transoceanic imperial presence that was global in both its ambition and scope. Long-established patterns of settlement and commercial activity had created extended regional networks of colonies and trading posts; worldwide warfare against the French and Spanish had projected the military and naval reach of the state far into the western and eastern hemispheres; and maritime exploration promised to open yet more spheres of British inl uence. These myriad overseas enterprises had become a single, if as yet only loosely integrated, empire and observers emphasised the strength, status, and comparative advantage that such developments afforded to Britain. In some imaginations, Britain now possessed a global empire, an accomplishment celebrated widely in architecture, song, verse, and visual art. 1 Other Britons, however, perceived the nation’s overseas activities quite differently – as haphazard, scattered, and unconnected – and saw not one coherent empire but instead several discrete areas of inl uence, each of which possessed its own distinctive forms and dei ning characteristics. 2 These divergent eighteenth-century interpretations of British overseas activities manifested the palpable uncertainty in how to interpret – and by extension govern – the diversity of enterprises that the English, Welsh, Irish, and Scots had established, many of which seemed quite incommensurable: an eighteenth-century logwood camp on the Miskito Coast of Central America differed greatly from the vibrant port city of1. Introduction: Britains oceanic empire H. V. Bowen, Elizabeth Mancke and John G. Reid Part I. The Oceans: 2. Geographies of the British Atlantic world Stephen J. Hornsby 3. Britain in the Indian Ocean region and beyond: contours, connections, and the creation of a global maritime empire H. V. Bowen Part II. Sovereignty, Law, and Governance: 4. Imperial constitutions: sovereignty and law in the British Atlantic Ken MacMillan 5. Constitutions, contact zones, and imperial ricochets: sovereignty and law in British Asia Robert Travers 6. Company, state, and empire: governance and regulatory frameworks in Asia Philip J. Stern 7. The oriental Atlantic: governance and regulatory frameworks in the British Atlantic world Jerry Bannister Part III. Diplomatic and Military Relations: 8. Subjects, clients, allies or mercenaries? The British use of Irish and Amerindian military power, 1500-1800 Wayne E. Lee 9. Diplomacy between Britons and Native Americans, c.1600-1830 Eric Hinderaker 10. Diplomacy in India, 1526-1858 Michael H. Fisher 11. Army discipline, military cultures, and state formation in colonial India, 1780-1860 Douglas M. Peers Part IV. Commercial and Social Relations: 12. Seths and sahibs: negotiated relationships between indigenous capital and the East India Company Lakshmi Subramanian 13. The commercial economy of eastern India under early British rule Rajat Datta 14. Anglo-Amerindian commercial relations Paul Grant-Costa and Elizabeth Mancke 15. Placing British settlement in the Americas in comparative perspective Trevor Burnard 16. Britains oceanic empire: an afterword H. V. Bowen, Elizabeth Mancke and John G. Reid.

Britain's Oceanic Empire: Commercial and social relations

In the mid-eighteenth century, some Britons who looked outward to the wider world discerned a transoceanic imperial presence that was global in both its ambition and scope. Long-established patterns of settlement and commercial activity had created extended regional networks of colonies and trading posts; worldwide warfare against the French and Spanish had projected the military and naval reach of the state far into the western and eastern hemispheres; and maritime exploration promised to open yet more spheres of British inl uence. These myriad overseas enterprises had become a single, if as yet only loosely integrated, empire and observers emphasised the strength, status, and comparative advantage that such developments afforded to Britain. In some imaginations, Britain now possessed a global empire, an accomplishment celebrated widely in architecture, song, verse, and visual art. 1 Other Britons, however, perceived the nation’s overseas activities quite differently – as haphazard, scattered, and unconnected – and saw not one coherent empire but instead several discrete areas of inl uence, each of which possessed its own distinctive forms and dei ning characteristics. 2 These divergent eighteenth-century interpretations of British overseas activities manifested the palpable uncertainty in how to interpret – and by extension govern – the diversity of enterprises that the English, Welsh, Irish, and Scots had established, many of which seemed quite incommensurable: an eighteenth-century logwood camp on the Miskito Coast of Central America differed greatly from the vibrant port city of1. Introduction: Britains oceanic empire H. V. Bowen, Elizabeth Mancke and John G. Reid Part I. The Oceans: 2. Geographies of the British Atlantic world Stephen J. Hornsby 3. Britain in the Indian Ocean region and beyond: contours, connections, and the creation of a global maritime empire H. V. Bowen Part II. Sovereignty, Law, and Governance: 4. Imperial constitutions: sovereignty and law in the British Atlantic Ken MacMillan 5. Constitutions, contact zones, and imperial ricochets: sovereignty and law in British Asia Robert Travers 6. Company, state, and empire: governance and regulatory frameworks in Asia Philip J. Stern 7. The oriental Atlantic: governance and regulatory frameworks in the British Atlantic world Jerry Bannister Part III. Diplomatic and Military Relations: 8. Subjects, clients, allies or mercenaries? The British use of Irish and Amerindian military power, 1500-1800 Wayne E. Lee 9. Diplomacy between Britons and Native Americans, c.1600-1830 Eric Hinderaker 10. Diplomacy in India, 1526-1858 Michael H. Fisher 11. Army discipline, military cultures, and state formation in colonial India, 1780-1860 Douglas M. Peers Part IV. Commercial and Social Relations: 12. Seths and sahibs: negotiated relationships between indigenous capital and the East India Company Lakshmi Subramanian 13. The commercial economy of eastern India under early British rule Rajat Datta 14. Anglo-Amerindian commercial relations Paul Grant-Costa and Elizabeth Mancke 15. Placing British settlement in the Americas in comparative perspective Trevor Burnard 16. Britains oceanic empire: an afterword H. V. Bowen, Elizabeth Mancke and John G. Reid.

Britain's Oceanic Empire: Diplomatic and military relations

In the mid-eighteenth century, some Britons who looked outward to the wider world discerned a transoceanic imperial presence that was global in both its ambition and scope. Long-established patterns of settlement and commercial activity had created extended regional networks of colonies and trading posts; worldwide warfare against the French and Spanish had projected the military and naval reach of the state far into the western and eastern hemispheres; and maritime exploration promised to open yet more spheres of British inl uence. These myriad overseas enterprises had become a single, if as yet only loosely integrated, empire and observers emphasised the strength, status, and comparative advantage that such developments afforded to Britain. In some imaginations, Britain now possessed a global empire, an accomplishment celebrated widely in architecture, song, verse, and visual art. 1 Other Britons, however, perceived the nation’s overseas activities quite differently – as haphazard, scattered, and unconnected – and saw not one coherent empire but instead several discrete areas of inl uence, each of which possessed its own distinctive forms and dei ning characteristics. 2 These divergent eighteenth-century interpretations of British overseas activities manifested the palpable uncertainty in how to interpret – and by extension govern – the diversity of enterprises that the English, Welsh, Irish, and Scots had established, many of which seemed quite incommensurable: an eighteenth-century logwood camp on the Miskito Coast of Central America differed greatly from the vibrant port city of1. Introduction: Britains oceanic empire H. V. Bowen, Elizabeth Mancke and John G. Reid Part I. The Oceans: 2. Geographies of the British Atlantic world Stephen J. Hornsby 3. Britain in the Indian Ocean region and beyond: contours, connections, and the creation of a global maritime empire H. V. Bowen Part II. Sovereignty, Law, and Governance: 4. Imperial constitutions: sovereignty and law in the British Atlantic Ken MacMillan 5. Constitutions, contact zones, and imperial ricochets: sovereignty and law in British Asia Robert Travers 6. Company, state, and empire: governance and regulatory frameworks in Asia Philip J. Stern 7. The oriental Atlantic: governance and regulatory frameworks in the British Atlantic world Jerry Bannister Part III. Diplomatic and Military Relations: 8. Subjects, clients, allies or mercenaries? The British use of Irish and Amerindian military power, 1500-1800 Wayne E. Lee 9. Diplomacy between Britons and Native Americans, c.1600-1830 Eric Hinderaker 10. Diplomacy in India, 1526-1858 Michael H. Fisher 11. Army discipline, military cultures, and state formation in colonial India, 1780-1860 Douglas M. Peers Part IV. Commercial and Social Relations: 12. Seths and sahibs: negotiated relationships between indigenous capital and the East India Company Lakshmi Subramanian 13. The commercial economy of eastern India under early British rule Rajat Datta 14. Anglo-Amerindian commercial relations Paul Grant-Costa and Elizabeth Mancke 15. Placing British settlement in the Americas in comparative perspective Trevor Burnard 16. Britains oceanic empire: an afterword H. V. Bowen, Elizabeth Mancke and John G. Reid.

Britain's Oceanic Empire: Index

In the mid-eighteenth century, some Britons who looked outward to the wider world discerned a transoceanic imperial presence that was global in both its ambition and scope. Long-established patterns of settlement and commercial activity had created extended regional networks of colonies and trading posts; worldwide warfare against the French and Spanish had projected the military and naval reach of the state far into the western and eastern hemispheres; and maritime exploration promised to open yet more spheres of British inl uence. These myriad overseas enterprises had become a single, if as yet only loosely integrated, empire and observers emphasised the strength, status, and comparative advantage that such developments afforded to Britain. In some imaginations, Britain now possessed a global empire, an accomplishment celebrated widely in architecture, song, verse, and visual art. 1 Other Britons, however, perceived the nation’s overseas activities quite differently – as haphazard, scattered, and unconnected – and saw not one coherent empire but instead several discrete areas of inl uence, each of which possessed its own distinctive forms and dei ning characteristics. 2 These divergent eighteenth-century interpretations of British overseas activities manifested the palpable uncertainty in how to interpret – and by extension govern – the diversity of enterprises that the English, Welsh, Irish, and Scots had established, many of which seemed quite incommensurable: an eighteenth-century logwood camp on the Miskito Coast of Central America differed greatly from the vibrant port city of1. Introduction: Britains oceanic empire H. V. Bowen, Elizabeth Mancke and John G. Reid Part I. The Oceans: 2. Geographies of the British Atlantic world Stephen J. Hornsby 3. Britain in the Indian Ocean region and beyond: contours, connections, and the creation of a global maritime empire H. V. Bowen Part II. Sovereignty, Law, and Governance: 4. Imperial constitutions: sovereignty and law in the British Atlantic Ken MacMillan 5. Constitutions, contact zones, and imperial ricochets: sovereignty and law in British Asia Robert Travers 6. Company, state, and empire: governance and regulatory frameworks in Asia Philip J. Stern 7. The oriental Atlantic: governance and regulatory frameworks in the British Atlantic world Jerry Bannister Part III. Diplomatic and Military Relations: 8. Subjects, clients, allies or mercenaries? The British use of Irish and Amerindian military power, 1500-1800 Wayne E. Lee 9. Diplomacy between Britons and Native Americans, c.1600-1830 Eric Hinderaker 10. Diplomacy in India, 1526-1858 Michael H. Fisher 11. Army discipline, military cultures, and state formation in colonial India, 1780-1860 Douglas M. Peers Part IV. Commercial and Social Relations: 12. Seths and sahibs: negotiated relationships between indigenous capital and the East India Company Lakshmi Subramanian 13. The commercial economy of eastern India under early British rule Rajat Datta 14. Anglo-Amerindian commercial relations Paul Grant-Costa and Elizabeth Mancke 15. Placing British settlement in the Americas in comparative perspective Trevor Burnard 16. Britains oceanic empire: an afterword H. V. Bowen, Elizabeth Mancke and John G. Reid.

Britain's Oceanic Empire: List of Maps

In the mid-eighteenth century, some Britons who looked outward to the wider world discerned a transoceanic imperial presence that was global in both its ambition and scope. Long-established patterns of settlement and commercial activity had created extended regional networks of colonies and trading posts; worldwide warfare against the French and Spanish had projected the military and naval reach of the state far into the western and eastern hemispheres; and maritime exploration promised to open yet more spheres of British inl uence. These myriad overseas enterprises had become a single, if as yet only loosely integrated, empire and observers emphasised the strength, status, and comparative advantage that such developments afforded to Britain. In some imaginations, Britain now possessed a global empire, an accomplishment celebrated widely in architecture, song, verse, and visual art. 1 Other Britons, however, perceived the nation’s overseas activities quite differently – as haphazard, scattered, and unconnected – and saw not one coherent empire but instead several discrete areas of inl uence, each of which possessed its own distinctive forms and dei ning characteristics. 2 These divergent eighteenth-century interpretations of British overseas activities manifested the palpable uncertainty in how to interpret – and by extension govern – the diversity of enterprises that the English, Welsh, Irish, and Scots had established, many of which seemed quite incommensurable: an eighteenth-century logwood camp on the Miskito Coast of Central America differed greatly from the vibrant port city of1. Introduction: Britains oceanic empire H. V. Bowen, Elizabeth Mancke and John G. Reid Part I. The Oceans: 2. Geographies of the British Atlantic world Stephen J. Hornsby 3. Britain in the Indian Ocean region and beyond: contours, connections, and the creation of a global maritime empire H. V. Bowen Part II. Sovereignty, Law, and Governance: 4. Imperial constitutions: sovereignty and law in the British Atlantic Ken MacMillan 5. Constitutions, contact zones, and imperial ricochets: sovereignty and law in British Asia Robert Travers 6. Company, state, and empire: governance and regulatory frameworks in Asia Philip J. Stern 7. The oriental Atlantic: governance and regulatory frameworks in the British Atlantic world Jerry Bannister Part III. Diplomatic and Military Relations: 8. Subjects, clients, allies or mercenaries? The British use of Irish and Amerindian military power, 1500-1800 Wayne E. Lee 9. Diplomacy between Britons and Native Americans, c.1600-1830 Eric Hinderaker 10. Diplomacy in India, 1526-1858 Michael H. Fisher 11. Army discipline, military cultures, and state formation in colonial India, 1780-1860 Douglas M. Peers Part IV. Commercial and Social Relations: 12. Seths and sahibs: negotiated relationships between indigenous capital and the East India Company Lakshmi Subramanian 13. The commercial economy of eastern India under early British rule Rajat Datta 14. Anglo-Amerindian commercial relations Paul Grant-Costa and Elizabeth Mancke 15. Placing British settlement in the Americas in comparative perspective Trevor Burnard 16. Britains oceanic empire: an afterword H. V. Bowen, Elizabeth Mancke and John G. Reid.

Britain's Oceanic Empire: Frontmatter

In the mid-eighteenth century, some Britons who looked outward to the wider world discerned a transoceanic imperial presence that was global in both its ambition and scope. Long-established patterns of settlement and commercial activity had created extended regional networks of colonies and trading posts; worldwide warfare against the French and Spanish had projected the military and naval reach of the state far into the western and eastern hemispheres; and maritime exploration promised to open yet more spheres of British inl uence. These myriad overseas enterprises had become a single, if as yet only loosely integrated, empire and observers emphasised the strength, status, and comparative advantage that such developments afforded to Britain. In some imaginations, Britain now possessed a global empire, an accomplishment celebrated widely in architecture, song, verse, and visual art. 1 Other Britons, however, perceived the nation’s overseas activities quite differently – as haphazard, scattered, and unconnected – and saw not one coherent empire but instead several discrete areas of inl uence, each of which possessed its own distinctive forms and dei ning characteristics. 2 These divergent eighteenth-century interpretations of British overseas activities manifested the palpable uncertainty in how to interpret – and by extension govern – the diversity of enterprises that the English, Welsh, Irish, and Scots had established, many of which seemed quite incommensurable: an eighteenth-century logwood camp on the Miskito Coast of Central America differed greatly from the vibrant port city of1. Introduction: Britains oceanic empire H. V. Bowen, Elizabeth Mancke and John G. Reid Part I. The Oceans: 2. Geographies of the British Atlantic world Stephen J. Hornsby 3. Britain in the Indian Ocean region and beyond: contours, connections, and the creation of a global maritime empire H. V. Bowen Part II. Sovereignty, Law, and Governance: 4. Imperial constitutions: sovereignty and law in the British Atlantic Ken MacMillan 5. Constitutions, contact zones, and imperial ricochets: sovereignty and law in British Asia Robert Travers 6. Company, state, and empire: governance and regulatory frameworks in Asia Philip J. Stern 7. The oriental Atlantic: governance and regulatory frameworks in the British Atlantic world Jerry Bannister Part III. Diplomatic and Military Relations: 8. Subjects, clients, allies or mercenaries? The British use of Irish and Amerindian military power, 1500-1800 Wayne E. Lee 9. Diplomacy between Britons and Native Americans, c.1600-1830 Eric Hinderaker 10. Diplomacy in India, 1526-1858 Michael H. Fisher 11. Army discipline, military cultures, and state formation in colonial India, 1780-1860 Douglas M. Peers Part IV. Commercial and Social Relations: 12. Seths and sahibs: negotiated relationships between indigenous capital and the East India Company Lakshmi Subramanian 13. The commercial economy of eastern India under early British rule Rajat Datta 14. Anglo-Amerindian commercial relations Paul Grant-Costa and Elizabeth Mancke 15. Placing British settlement in the Americas in comparative perspective Trevor Burnard 16. Britains oceanic empire: an afterword H. V. Bowen, Elizabeth Mancke and John G. Reid.

Borderland Smuggling: Patriots, Loyalists, and Illicit Trade in the Northeast, 1783-1820 (review)

accomplished and ironic the latter. All in all, however, History of the Book is a splendid volume, full of interest to the scholar. Even the period illustrations, well-researched and apposite, add to our understanding of the times, such as the ‘New Woman’-flavoured photograph of the reference librarians at the Toronto Public Library circa 1895 (288). The editors and the project are to be commended, while SSHRCC can congratulate itself on major funding well spent. Now as to the future: what next? Many scholars hope for a well-funded project to produce a much-needed, comprehensive history of Canadian magazines, newspapers, and journals. SANDRA CAMPBELL Carleton University