Ellen Cushman

The Cherokee Syllabary from Script to Print

The development of the Cherokee syllabary from script to print happened during a time in the tribes history when great pressures were upon them to civilize, adopt English and the Roman alphabet, and establish a government. Between 1821 and 1828, the syllabary itself went through considerable change from the manu- script version to the print version recognized today. These changes remark on the sociocultural pressures of the time and reveal that the tribe had a larger stake in developing the script into print than previously understood. When the Cherokee syl- labary became available in print, it facilitated Cherokee identity creation as a tribe and political position as a nation.

The Cherokee Syllabary: A Writing System In Its Own Right

Informally recognized by the tribal council in 1821, the 86-character Cherokee writing system invented by Sequoyah was learned in manuscript form and became widely used by the Cherokee within the span of a few years. In 1827, Samuel Worcester standardized the arrangement of characters and print designs in ways that differed from Sequoyah’s original arrangement of characters. Using Worcester’s arrangement as their sole source of evidence, however, scholars and Cherokee language learners have misunderstood the syllabary by viewing it through an alphabetic lens. Drawing on 5 years of ethnohistorical research, this article opens with a brief history of Sequoyah’s invention to show the ways Worcester’s rearrangement bent the Cherokee writing system to the orthographic rules of the Latin alphabet, thus obscuring the instrumental logics of the original script. Next, a linguistic analysis of the Cherokee writing system is presented in an effort to recover its instrumental workings. Adding a new perspective to research on American literacy histories in general and scholarship on the Cherokee syllabary in particular, the author argues that the Cherokee language demands a writing system uniquely Cherokee, one practiced outside of an alphabetic influence and capable of representing underlying meaning and sound with each character.