Elmo Rodrigues da Silva

DETERIORATION OF VEGETABLE OILS EXPOSED TO DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF STORAGE

The final quality of the oil depends on all the stages of the production. These steps range from the cultivation, extraction, refining, transportation, distribution and marketing of oils. Oxidation processes in foods are responsible for reducing shelf life of raw materials and manufactured products leading to major economic loss. The objective of this study was to analyze the levels of acidity and peroxide virgin vegetable oils from soy, corn, canola and sunflower undergo under different conditions of storage before consumption. The procedure for checking the index of acidity and peroxide was conducted based on the methodology of the Adolfo Lutz Institute (2004). At the end of the analysis period, all oil exposed group had higher acid value and peroxide to the saved group. Soybean oil was found to be the most stable oil to work in relation to the indices evaluated, followed by sunflower oil. Despite the canola oil have low levels of saturated fatty acids, this research showed that canola oil is an extremely sensitive regarding their physicochemical stability when exposed to light and temperature.

Technology applied to environmental management and processing of vegetable oil residual in the state of Rio de Janeiro

One of the questions on the National Policy on Solid Waste – PNRS is related to the vegetable oil frying generated in homes and commercial establishments. In Brazil, production is estimated at three billion liters of edible vegetable oil per year. Of this total, only 2.5% is reused for any purpose, while the rest is discarded improperly, by the people and industries in soils, lakes, rivers, seas, sewer, or even incinerated. The purpose of this study was to provide, through a literature review, an overview of the chain of recycling waste vegetable oil in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Understanding the reasons not yet formed a productive arrangement to take advantage of this residue. Questions were raised regarding the production of vegetable oil and impacts associated with improper disposal, the Program of Reuse of Vegetable Oils of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the foment of waste of the Federation of Industries of the State of Rio de Janeiro and the formation of local productive arrangement.

PASSIVE BIOREMEDIATION: A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON WASTE VEGETABLE OIL

The rapid population growth and excessive consumption for goods and services, has anthropized increasingly the environment. Thus, the waste generated by it directly impact the urban and natural environments. The edible vegetable oil production estimates are three billion liters per year in the country. In the city of Rio de Janeiro, more than 20 million liters of vegetable oil are consumed per year. It is known that the waste vegetable oil can cause damage to water bodies, because the oil forms a layer on the surface that prevents the entry of sunlight, reducing photosynthesis and dissolved oxygen, killing aquatic organisms. The soils are also impacted when receiving virgin or waste vegetable oil, as this waterproofs, disrupting and causing flooding. One of the techniques commonly used in situ bioremediation is passive or natural attenuation, at which the pollutant/contaminant remains on the impacted site and by natural processes, such as biodegradation, volatilization, adsorption and dilution, decontamination of the environment occurs. This study aims to evaluate the technique of natural bioremediation, using in vitro tests, in order to remedy an artificially contaminated soil with vegetable oil virgin soy. The passive bioremediation technique or natural attenuation proved to be a good alternative in the decontamination of environments contaminated by vegetable oils. The biodegradation rate of vegetable oil was maximum around the thirtieth day. After this period, the aerobic bacterial activity has decreased production, probably due to the total consumption of oxygen of the medium.

BIOPRODUCTS PRODUCTION FROM VEGETABLE OIL RESIDUAL: CANDLE, CHALK AND MODELLING OF MASS

Vegetable oils are widely used by the Brazilian population, whether domestic, commercial or industrial level. At the end of processing, the remaining oil is discarded, often incorrectly, or being released in effluents directly into the soil, making it a potentially polluting waste. The objective of this work is to obtain two alternative bioproducts such as mitigating the environmental impact caused by the improper disposal of waste vegetable oil. The processing starts with the dissolution of the solid soap in water in beaker and homogenized for 10 minutes to form a semisolid paste. Then was added 10g of residual charcoal powder, coal, granite, marble and/or other rocks, homogenizing for 3 minutes. The result of the processing described in the methods is a semi-solid paste, sandy exfoliating action and physical characteristic when used residual powder of marble and/or granite. When used residual charcoal powder, the result is a dark color and abrasive action. This work showed the possibility of obtaining two bioproducts as alternatives to mitigate the environmental impact caused by improper disposal of waste vegetable oil. The raw materials not expensive simplified procedures and routine equipment positively stimulate their production.

BIOPRODUTOS A PARTIR DO ÓLEO VEGETAL RESIDUAL: VELA, GIZ E MASSA DE MODELAR

The vegetable oil is a highly impactful reuse waste to the environment and have a high value even after consumption. The objective of this work is to obtain three alternative bioproducts such as mitigating the environmental impact caused by the improper disposal of waste vegetable oil. For production of the candle was used 50mL of residual vegetable oil and 40g of stearin, both were united into a cold beaker 200mL. For the production of chalk 10mL of residual vegetable oil, 20g stearine and 0.35g of pigment was used for sailing. Both states were cold in a 200mL beaker. For mass production model used was 12g wheat flour, 12g of corn starch, 6g of salt, 6g of calcium carbonate, 15mL of residual vegetable oil, 25mL of water, 2.25mL food coloring . The result of processing methodology is described in a material with acceptable physical properties without migrating oil, allowing be patterned and decorated. It was concluded that these bioproducts are advantageous from an economic and environmental perspective. Another important aspect is the use of waste materials in their composition which allows for extended cycle sold with these materials that would otherwise be discarded inappropriately or potential polluters of the environment and urban environment.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE TOXICITY OF SOAP MADE WITH VEGETABLE OIL WASTE

One of the safest ways to dispose of residual vegetable oil is delivering this on a collection point for later use in the manufacture of biodiesel or soap. However, it is still superficial the scientific knowledge about the toxic effects of these residual waste vegetable oil and soap on biota. The present study aims to compare, by bioassay with the fish Brachydanio rerio , the median lethal concentration (CL50-72hours) of solid soap produced in IFRJ from residual vegetable oil, with the pasty soap produced from waste vegetable oil and the solid bar soap, both sold in large retail. The fishes were placed in beakers containing eight different concentrations of soap samples. The test consisted of exposure of fishes for 72 hours. The solid soap commercial that uses virgin inputs has significantly lower mortality rate compared to soaps produced from residual vegetable oil, whereas the difference in mortality was insignificant between groups of soaps using residual vegetable oil.

Stoichiometric analysis system for production of soap from vegetable oil residual: a strategy for reducing environmental impact

The manufacture of soap using waste vegetable oil is one of the ways to avoid it reaches water bodies and soil in its ruling, thus mitigating their impacts on the environment. His artisanal does not require much investment and knowledge, it is a simple process that uses inputs and equipment used in the daily lives of most people. This work aims at presenting the results of an analysis system that would provide a good reason between the inputs used in the production of soap from vegetable oil waste. Based on these results, it was made possible the production of a soap with acceptable physical and chemical characteristics, of satisfactory quality similar to industrialized and, indirectly, the awareness of the inappropriate disposal of vegetable oil.