Ubirajara Aluizio de Oliveira Mattos

Contribuições da ciência pós-normal à saúde pública e a questão da vulnerabilidade social

The objective of this article is to discuss the threats to public health, by taking into consideration the arguments of Funtowicz et al. (1997, 1994) about issues related to the complexity and uncertainties of the studies, evaluation and management of the threats to public health that have been observed in the relationship between public health and the vulnerability of social groups. The prevailing discourse on public health uses statistical data, which reduce illness to a biologically determined case relation, do not take into account the history of society and holds individuals responsible for their health conditions. We intend to show that, as a dynamic process, health requires a new approach to consider these issues. Socially-excluded groups have weak capacity to react and, maybe due to it, they are more likely to get sick. Consequently, discussing the complexity of the studies, evaluation and management of threats to public health would avoid any type of reductionism or determinism.

Nível de ruído no ambiente de trabalho do professor de educação física em aulas de ciclismo indoor

OBJECTIVE To analyze the level of noise at the workplace environment among Physical Education teachers during indoor bike classes and its association with some aspects of health. METHODS Cross-sectional study carried out in 15 different gyms with 15 teachers in Rio de Janeiro (Southeastern Brazil) in 2007. A standardized questionnaire, tested in relation to its replication, was used in order to find out the characteristics of the process and the way this job is organized, as well as complaints related to health reported by these teachers. The SRQ-20 (Self-Report Questionnaire) was utilized in order to verify the existence of minor psychiatric disturbances. The levels of sound pressure were measured by a portable appliance. The level of pressure was verified in dB(A) at equivalent energy levels (Leq) in different places of the room at different moments during the class. ANOVA, chi-square and Pearsons correlation analyses were performed. RESULTS The levels of sound pressure varied from 74.4 dB(A) to 101.6 dB(A). The results during the class were: a) warm-up (mean=88.45 dB(A)); b) main part (mean= 95.86 dB(A)); and, closure (mean= 85.12 dB(A)). The mean background noise was 66.89 dB(A)). There were significant differences (p<0.001) among the background noise levels within different moments of the class. The noise was not related to minor psychiatric disturbances. CONCLUSIONS Physical education professionals working with indoor bike classes are under high levels of sound pressure during their classes. This physical agent has been related to several health problems and should therefore be more controlled.OBJETIVO: Analisar o nivel de ruido no ambiente de trabalho do professor de educacao fisica durante as aulas de ciclismo indoor e sua associacao com alguns aspectos da saude. METODOS: Estudo transversal conduzido com 15 professores de educacao fisica de diferentes academias de ginastica, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro (RJ), em 2007. As caracteristicas do processo e da organizacao do trabalho e as queixas de saude relatadas pelos professores foram coletadas por meio de questionario padronizado. Para verificacao dos transtornos psiquiatricos menores foi usado o SRQ-20 (Self-Report Questionnaire). As medidas de pressao sonora foram realizadas em um aparelho portatil. O nivel de pressao foi medido em dB(A) no nivel equivalente de energia em diferentes pontos da sala e momentos da aula. As analises estatisticas utilizadas foram a ANOVA, o qui-quadrado e a correlacao de Pearson. RESULTADOS: Os niveis de pressao sonora variaram entre 74,4 dB(A) e 101,6 dB(A). Os valores medios encontrados durante as aulas foram: a) aquecimento (media= 88,45 dB(A)); b) parte principal (media= 95,86 dB(A)); e, fechamento (media= 85,12 dB(A)). O ruido de fundo apresentou o valor medio de 66,89 dB(A). Houve diferencas significativas (p<0,001) entre os valores medios de ruido de fundo e as fases da aula. O ruido nao se correlacionou aos transtornos psiquiatricos menores. CONCLUSOES: Os profissionais de educacao fisica que trabalham com ciclismo indoor estao sujeitos a niveis elevados de pressao sonora em suas aulas. Este agente fisico tem sido associado a diversos problemas de saude e, portanto, requerer um controle mais amplo.

The health and risks of fishermen and crab catchers of Guanabara Bay

The article discusses the health, risks and the work of fishermen and crab catchers in region of APA Guapimirim in Guanabara Bay. Fishermen and crab catchers are typical informal workers, they suffer from lack of protection and working guarantee. They are exposed to working risks day by day such as accidents with fishing boat, fishing equipment, the own fish, drowning, as well as a lot of radiation and climatic variation. There are still the weight and work overload, as well as the activities done at night that increase the potential risks. A sample of 100 fishermen and crab catchers had told by quantitative-qualitative research that it was possible to draw a profile of these workers. They are workers that have little schooling, 63% of these workers have incomplete elementary school and 12% are illiterate. 44% of these workers reported that they get diseases or health problems. These diseases are related to the weight overload, the long working hours and all situation of danger that they have on their work activities. As a conclusion the article identified a lot of difficulties of these workers while performing their work and realizes that is necessary to find measures to could improve their life and work conditions.

Avaliação e diagnóstico das condições de trabalho em duas indústrias de baterias chumbo-ácidas no Estado do Rio de Janeiro

A analise do processo produtivo e das condicoes de trabalho em fabricas de baterias chumbo-acidas apresenta uma gama de informacoes mais completas do que as que tem sido discutidas ate entao. O presente estudo analisa o processo produtivo de duas industrias de baterias no Rio de Janeiro. A metodologia utilizada aborda o assunto de uma forma qualitativa, utilizando como ferramentas entrevistas estruturadas com os trabalhadores e analise do ambiente de trabalho. O principal objetivo deste artigo e mostrar uma metodologia de analise com visao ambiental ressaltando os riscos inerentes a estas atividades com uso de mapas de riscos, atraves de sua construcao nos ambientes estudados. Os resultados sugerem um conjunto de recomendacoes, baseadas na literatura cientifica e nas normas de seguranca e medicina do trabalho explicitadas pela legislacao brasileira.

Level of noise at the workplace environment among physical education teachers in indoor bike classes

OBJECTIVE To analyze the level of noise at the workplace environment among Physical Education teachers during indoor bike classes and its association with some aspects of health. METHODS Cross-sectional study carried out in 15 different gyms with 15 teachers in Rio de Janeiro (Southeastern Brazil) in 2007. A standardized questionnaire, tested in relation to its replication, was used in order to find out the characteristics of the process and the way this job is organized, as well as complaints related to health reported by these teachers. The SRQ-20 (Self-Report Questionnaire) was utilized in order to verify the existence of minor psychiatric disturbances. The levels of sound pressure were measured by a portable appliance. The level of pressure was verified in dB(A) at equivalent energy levels (Leq) in different places of the room at different moments during the class. ANOVA, chi-square and Pearsons correlation analyses were performed. RESULTS The levels of sound pressure varied from 74.4 dB(A) to 101.6 dB(A). The results during the class were: a) warm-up (mean=88.45 dB(A)); b) main part (mean= 95.86 dB(A)); and, closure (mean= 85.12 dB(A)). The mean background noise was 66.89 dB(A)). There were significant differences (p<0.001) among the background noise levels within different moments of the class. The noise was not related to minor psychiatric disturbances. CONCLUSIONS Physical education professionals working with indoor bike classes are under high levels of sound pressure during their classes. This physical agent has been related to several health problems and should therefore be more controlled.OBJETIVO: Analisar o nivel de ruido no ambiente de trabalho do professor de educacao fisica durante as aulas de ciclismo indoor e sua associacao com alguns aspectos da saude. METODOS: Estudo transversal conduzido com 15 professores de educacao fisica de diferentes academias de ginastica, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro (RJ), em 2007. As caracteristicas do processo e da organizacao do trabalho e as queixas de saude relatadas pelos professores foram coletadas por meio de questionario padronizado. Para verificacao dos transtornos psiquiatricos menores foi usado o SRQ-20 (Self-Report Questionnaire). As medidas de pressao sonora foram realizadas em um aparelho portatil. O nivel de pressao foi medido em dB(A) no nivel equivalente de energia em diferentes pontos da sala e momentos da aula. As analises estatisticas utilizadas foram a ANOVA, o qui-quadrado e a correlacao de Pearson. RESULTADOS: Os niveis de pressao sonora variaram entre 74,4 dB(A) e 101,6 dB(A). Os valores medios encontrados durante as aulas foram: a) aquecimento (media= 88,45 dB(A)); b) parte principal (media= 95,86 dB(A)); e, fechamento (media= 85,12 dB(A)). O ruido de fundo apresentou o valor medio de 66,89 dB(A). Houve diferencas significativas (p<0,001) entre os valores medios de ruido de fundo e as fases da aula. O ruido nao se correlacionou aos transtornos psiquiatricos menores. CONCLUSOES: Os profissionais de educacao fisica que trabalham com ciclismo indoor estao sujeitos a niveis elevados de pressao sonora em suas aulas. Este agente fisico tem sido associado a diversos problemas de saude e, portanto, requerer um controle mais amplo.

Enfermagem e atenção à saúde do trabalhador: a experiência da ação de imunização na Fiocruz/Manguinhos

The worker, while doing his activities in contact with pathogenic agents, is exposed to the risk of getting diseases that could result in death. The immunization appears as one of the ways to preserve and protect against this contamination. This article presents an experience of workers immunization during the period of 2005 to 2008, by the implantation of the project Nursing Integral Actions of Workers Health Vigilance at Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Manguinhos campus, Rio de Janeiro. This is a descriptive, explorative and quantitative study, using primary data from the construction of the project. During the project 12.904 doses of different vaccines were applied in a population with a variety of job activities and ages. Civil construction, security, gardening, maintenance and clearing service teams were the most mobilized and receptive to the activities. With this experience it was possible the installation of the vaccination room at CST/DIREH/Fiocruz, the implantation of campaigns at the unities, specific immunization actions to the workers and operative groups and lectures focused in health education.

Nivel de ruido en el ambiente de trabajo del profesor de educación física en aulas de ciclismo indoor

OBJECTIVE To analyze the level of noise at the workplace environment among Physical Education teachers during indoor bike classes and its association with some aspects of health. METHODS Cross-sectional study carried out in 15 different gyms with 15 teachers in Rio de Janeiro (Southeastern Brazil) in 2007. A standardized questionnaire, tested in relation to its replication, was used in order to find out the characteristics of the process and the way this job is organized, as well as complaints related to health reported by these teachers. The SRQ-20 (Self-Report Questionnaire) was utilized in order to verify the existence of minor psychiatric disturbances. The levels of sound pressure were measured by a portable appliance. The level of pressure was verified in dB(A) at equivalent energy levels (Leq) in different places of the room at different moments during the class. ANOVA, chi-square and Pearsons correlation analyses were performed. RESULTS The levels of sound pressure varied from 74.4 dB(A) to 101.6 dB(A). The results during the class were: a) warm-up (mean=88.45 dB(A)); b) main part (mean= 95.86 dB(A)); and, closure (mean= 85.12 dB(A)). The mean background noise was 66.89 dB(A)). There were significant differences (p<0.001) among the background noise levels within different moments of the class. The noise was not related to minor psychiatric disturbances. CONCLUSIONS Physical education professionals working with indoor bike classes are under high levels of sound pressure during their classes. This physical agent has been related to several health problems and should therefore be more controlled.OBJETIVO: Analisar o nivel de ruido no ambiente de trabalho do professor de educacao fisica durante as aulas de ciclismo indoor e sua associacao com alguns aspectos da saude. METODOS: Estudo transversal conduzido com 15 professores de educacao fisica de diferentes academias de ginastica, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro (RJ), em 2007. As caracteristicas do processo e da organizacao do trabalho e as queixas de saude relatadas pelos professores foram coletadas por meio de questionario padronizado. Para verificacao dos transtornos psiquiatricos menores foi usado o SRQ-20 (Self-Report Questionnaire). As medidas de pressao sonora foram realizadas em um aparelho portatil. O nivel de pressao foi medido em dB(A) no nivel equivalente de energia em diferentes pontos da sala e momentos da aula. As analises estatisticas utilizadas foram a ANOVA, o qui-quadrado e a correlacao de Pearson. RESULTADOS: Os niveis de pressao sonora variaram entre 74,4 dB(A) e 101,6 dB(A). Os valores medios encontrados durante as aulas foram: a) aquecimento (media= 88,45 dB(A)); b) parte principal (media= 95,86 dB(A)); e, fechamento (media= 85,12 dB(A)). O ruido de fundo apresentou o valor medio de 66,89 dB(A). Houve diferencas significativas (p<0,001) entre os valores medios de ruido de fundo e as fases da aula. O ruido nao se correlacionou aos transtornos psiquiatricos menores. CONCLUSOES: Os profissionais de educacao fisica que trabalham com ciclismo indoor estao sujeitos a niveis elevados de pressao sonora em suas aulas. Este agente fisico tem sido associado a diversos problemas de saude e, portanto, requerer um controle mais amplo.

TEMA: a tecnologia ecologicamente mais adequada como uma estratégia preventiva a ser perseguida

A prevencao tecnica dos riscos industriais pode envolver cinco niveis de atuacao: os niveis do individuo/trabalhador, do posto de trabalho, do setor de trabalho, da fabrica como um todo, e do meio ambiente em geral. Historicamente, tais niveis tenderam a serem analisados por disciplinas, metodos e instituicoes frequentemente dissociados uns dos outros. Transpassando todos os niveis, a discussao sobre a base tecnologica de um dado setor industrial pode fornecer luzes importantes para entendermos a dinâmica dos riscos presentes e evitaveis numa determinada fabrica ou setor industrial, em articulacao com as estrategias de investimentos produtivos e mudancas tecnologicas. Neste contexto, a busca da Tecnologia Ecologicamente Mais Adequada - TEMA - pode ser um importante conceito preventivo, servindo para nortear os criterios dos investimentos produtivos em curso nos diferentes setores industriais do pais. A partir de um exemplo em andamento no Rio de Janeiro, envolvendo uma mudanca negociada de tecnologia numa empresa de cloro-soda, este trabalho pretende apresentar alguns dos elementos que compoem a intrincada rede de interesses e possibilidades que estao por detras da implementacao da TEMA, envolvendo as dimensoes social, economica e tecnologica do problema