Elzimar de Oliveira Gonçalves

Nutrição de mudas de angico-vermelho (Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Benth.) Brenan) submetidas a doses de N, P, K, Ca E Mg

Neste trabalho, objetivou-se verificar o teor e conteudo de N, P, K, Ca e Mg, bem como determinar o nivel critico desses nutrientes no solo e na planta. As mudas foram cultivadas, no periodo de dezembro de 2004 a maio de 2005, em vasos com capacidade para 2,1 dm-3 contendo amostras de solo de tres classes (Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo AVA, Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo Alico LVA e Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo Distrofico - LVD). Os tratamentos foram delimitados segundo uma matriz baconiana, onde se variaram os macronutrientes, em tres doses, e dois tratamentos adicionais (zero e referencia), com quatro repeticoes. Verificou-se que, em geral, as mudas da especie absorveram maior quantidade de N, P, K, Ca e Mg, a medida que a disponibilidade destes aumentava no solo. Tal fato refletiu em maior concentracao dos nutrientes aplicados em todas as partes da planta. Entretanto, em alguns casos nao houve resposta em crescimento correspondente a esse aumento. Os nutrientes que mais proporcionaram efeitos foram o P, o N e o S; poucas respostas foram observadas nos demais nutrientes (Ca, Mg e K). A especie tem baixo requerimento nutricional, sendo o nivel critico dos nutrientes, no solo e na planta, menores do que os observados em outras especies florestais. Para o K e o Ca, sugerem-se estudos com doses dentro das faixas de valores encontrados, para melhor definicao dos niveis criticos.

Lodo de esgoto e vermiculita na produção de mudas de eucalipto

The success concerning forest plantations is not only dependent on the species used, but is also directly related to the kind of container, seeds quality and substrate used. Thus, this study aimed at evaluating the use of sewage sludge, together with vermiculite, in the composition of substrates used for producing Eucalyptus grandis seedlings from seeds. A completely randomized design, with six treatments and six replications of four plants, was used. The treatments consisted of the following sewage sludge and vermiculite proportions (v:v): 100:0 (T1), 80:20 (T2), 60:40 (T3), 40:60 (T4), 20:80 (T5) and a commercial substrate (T6). The collar diameter, height, ratio between shoot height and collar diameter, shoot dry matter, root dry matter, total dry matter, ratio between shoot and root dry matter, ratio between height and shoot dry matter and Dickson Quality Index were evaluated. At 90 days after germination, it was observed that the use of different proportions of sewage sludge and vermiculite influenced positively the growth of Eucalyptus seedlings, with better results for higher proportions of vermiculite. The best substrate was the one with 20% of sewage sludge and 80% of vermiculite.

BIOSSOLIDO COMO SUBSTRATO PARA PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE Toona ciliata VAR. australis

The demand for wood for various purposes increases dramatically to meet the demand and need to produce forest seedlings in quantity and quality, to establish good stands. In this sense, the success of forest plantations is not linked solely to the species used, but directly depends on the type of container, the quality of seeds and substrate used. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of biosolids as substrate for the production of seedlings of Australian cedar (Toona ciliata). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at forest nursery/CCA / UFES. The experimental design was completely randomized, consisting of six treatments with biosolids, in decreasing proportions associated with subsoil, and two treatments without the use of biosolids (manure + soil and commercial substrate, respectively), with 8 repetitions. In general, the best results for the morphological analysis were obtained using 100 to 70% of biosolids in the substrate. Therefore, the biosolids can be considered suitable for the growth of seedlings of Toona ciliata which demonstrates a viable alternative for disposal of this waste.

Crescimento de Dalbergia nigra (Vell.) Allemão ex Benth sob diferentes doses de cálcio, magnésio e enxofre

The jacaranda (Dalbergia nigra (Vell.) Allemao ex Benth) is a specie with potential for several uses, including recovery degraded areas. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of calcium, magnesium and sulfur, on the seedlings growth under different soil types. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse from February 2006 to June 2006. The treatments were delimited according to a Baconian matrix where nutrients are varied in three different doses and two additional treatments (zero and reference). A complete randomized design with four replications was established in a total of 44 sample units. The seedlings were grown in pots with a capacity for 2.1 dm -3 , and collected at 120 days after sowing and evaluated several morphological characteristics. The specie was generally undemanding regarding the application of nutrients, and the doses recommended when classified as low by the hand of fertilization. While further studies with doses lower than those tested in this, are not made, and building on the total dry mass and conditions similar to this experiment, are indicated doses: 0.8 cmolc dm - ³ of soil Ca and 20 mg dm - ³ of soil S, regardless of the test soil; and 0.2 and 0.8 cmolc dm - ³ soil Mg to soils with similar characteristics to the PVAm and LVAd, respectively.

Crescimento de mudas de Ateleia glazioviana em substratos contendo diferentes materiais orgânicos

Substrates play an important role in the production of quality seedlings, because they need to present appropriate physical and chemical conditions for plant development. In this context, some organic materials have been used in the composition of substrates for seedling production. This study aimed to analyze the use of substrates with organic materials compared with substrates containing only mineral fertilizers on the growth of Timbo (Ateleia glazioviana Baill) seedlings. To this end, 11 treatments were tested, varying the composition of substrates with the mixture of different proportions of organic materials: sewage sludge, cattle manure and commercial substrate, and also only with application of chemical fertilizers. These treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications and three seedlings per replication. Based on the results observed, we recommend the addition of cattle manure with at least 20% volume to the substrate composition for the production of Ateleia glazioviana seedlings.

Crescimento de Mudas de Ateleia glazioviana em Substratos Contendo Diferentes Materiais Orgânicos / Growth of Ateleia glazioviana Seedlings in Substrates Containing Different Organic Materials

Substrates play an important role in the production of quality seedlings, because they need to present appropriate physical and chemical conditions for plant development. In this context, some organic materials have been used in the composition of substrates for seedling production. This study aimed to analyze the use of substrates with organic materials compared with substrates containing only mineral fertilizers on the growth of Timbo (Ateleia glazioviana Baill) seedlings. To this end, 11 treatments were tested, varying the composition of substrates with the mixture of different proportions of organic materials: sewage sludge, cattle manure and commercial substrate, and also only with application of chemical fertilizers. These treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications and three seedlings per replication. Based on the results observed, we recommend the addition of cattle manure with at least 20% volume to the substrate composition for the production of Ateleia glazioviana seedlings.

Substratos de origem orgânica para produção de mudas de teca ( Tectona grandis Linn. F.)

A utilizacao de residuos renovaveis como fonte de nutrientes para producao de mudas florestais pode ser uma solucao para problemas ambientais, principalmente relacionados a destinacao destes materiais. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a utilizacao de substratos renovaveis como componentes de substrato na producao de mudas de teca. As mudas foram produzidas em tubetes com capacidade volumetrica de 280 cm³, utilizando-se para a composicao dos tratamentos esterco bovino, cama de frango ou esterco de codorna associados a terra de subsolo e a uma fracao de 25% de substrato comercial florestal. Noventa dias apos a repicagem das plântulas, foram analisadas as seguintes caracteristicas morfologicas: altura da parte aerea (H), diâmetro do coleto (D), massa seca da parte aerea (MSPA), radicular (MSR) e total (MST) e o indice de qualidade de Dickson (IQD). Os resultados indicaram que as mudas produzidas com substratos formulados com a cama de frango apresentaram os maiores valores das caracteristicas analisadas, sendo que o tratamento com 35% deste material proporcionou os maiores indices em H, D, MSPA, MSR, MST e IQD. A utilizacao de substratos renovaveis pode ser indicada para producao de mudas de teca, contribuindo para a melhoria das propriedades quimicas dos substratos formados e, consequentemente, para a nutricao das plantas.

Sewage sludge assessment on growth of Acacia mangium seedlings by principal components analysis and orthogonal contrasts

ABSTRACT This experiment aimed to compare combinations of sewage sludge-based substrates on the growth of Acacia mangium seedlings by principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal contrasts (OC). It was conducted in structures of a forest nursery, localized in Southeast of Brazil, in 280 cm3 tubes constituted by 14 treatments and 5 replicates of four plants. When the seedlings reached 100 days after sowing, the treatments containing sewage sludge associated with vermiculite were those that stood out for the growth of A. mangium seedlings, showing the highest averages for the biometric features. The addition of coconut fiber and coffee straw did not produce good growth as well as the evaluated commercial substrate. It can be stated that the use of principal components and OC were efficient in evaluating the best substrate added to the sewage sludge having a limitation in identifying the best ratio between constituents of the substrate.

Crescimento de Jacarandá-da-Bahia (Dalbergia nigra((Vell.) Fr. All. ex Benth)) sob diferentes doses de NPK

The use of well-nourished and quality seedlings is one of the factors that contribute to the successful implementation of forest plantations. The present study aimed to verify, by means of morphological characteristics, the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on the growth of jacaranda-da-bahia seedlings (Dalbergia nigra ((Vell.) Fr. All. in order to establish the optimal dose of each nutrient to be added in different substrates thus aiming to ensure the production of seedlings with better quality. The seedlings were produced in three types of soils: mesotrophic Ultisol (PVAm), Alic Oxisol (LVAa) and distrofic Oxisol (LVAd). The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions from February to June of 2006. 11 treatments were defined according baconian matrix, in which the nutrients (N, P and K) ranged in three different doses and two additional treatments (Zero and Reference). A completely randomized design with four replications was adopted. The seedlings were planted in pots with a capacity of 2.1 dm 3 and 120 days after sowing the data was collected. After analyzing the data, it was concluded that for the production of jacaranda-da-bahia seedlings it is recommended an addition of dosages greater than or equal to 600 mg.dm -3 of P and 200 mg.dm -3 of N when using underground earth in the production of seedlings, from distrofic Oxisol and 300 mg.dm -3 of P and 90 mg.dm -3 of N when using mesotrophic Ultisol. As for the addition of K, since the seedlings were undemanding or the available contents in the soil were sufficient to supply their needs, it is recommended the application of the minimum tested dose of 50 mg.dm - ³ of soil until further studies with lower doses is tested.