William Macedo Delarmelina

Substratos alternativos na produção de mudas de Chamaecrista desvauxii

RESUMO – O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o potencial da utilizacao de residuos orgânicos como componentes do substrato para producao de mudas de Chamaecrista desvauxii, vulgarmente conhecida como rabo-de-pitu, empregada na recuperacao de areas degradadas. Estabeleceram-se os tratamentos utilizando quatro tipos de substrato: lodo de esgoto (LE), casca de arroz carbonizada (CAC), palha de cafe in natura (PC in natura) e substrato comercial (SC), em diferentes proporcoes de volume. Quando as mudas atingiram 150 dias de idade, elas foram mensuradas quanto as seguintes caracteristicas: altura, diâmetro do coleto, relacao entre altura e diâmetro do coleto, massa seca da parte aerea, massa seca do sistema radicular, massa seca total, relacao entre massa seca da parte aerea e massa seca do sistema radicular e indice de qualidade de Dickson (IQD). Os substratos formulados com lodo de esgoto, casca de arroz carbonizada e palha de cafe in natura propiciaram os melhores resultados das caracteristicas avaliadas, sendo o tratamento com 60% LE + 20% CAC + 20% PC in natura o que proporcionou as mais adequadas caracteristicas morfologicas avaliadas na producao de Chamaecrista desvauxii.

Lodo de esgoto e vermiculita na produção de mudas de eucalipto

The success concerning forest plantations is not only dependent on the species used, but is also directly related to the kind of container, seeds quality and substrate used. Thus, this study aimed at evaluating the use of sewage sludge, together with vermiculite, in the composition of substrates used for producing Eucalyptus grandis seedlings from seeds. A completely randomized design, with six treatments and six replications of four plants, was used. The treatments consisted of the following sewage sludge and vermiculite proportions (v:v): 100:0 (T1), 80:20 (T2), 60:40 (T3), 40:60 (T4), 20:80 (T5) and a commercial substrate (T6). The collar diameter, height, ratio between shoot height and collar diameter, shoot dry matter, root dry matter, total dry matter, ratio between shoot and root dry matter, ratio between height and shoot dry matter and Dickson Quality Index were evaluated. At 90 days after germination, it was observed that the use of different proportions of sewage sludge and vermiculite influenced positively the growth of Eucalyptus seedlings, with better results for higher proportions of vermiculite. The best substrate was the one with 20% of sewage sludge and 80% of vermiculite.

BIOSSOLIDO COMO SUBSTRATO PARA PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE Toona ciliata VAR. australis

The demand for wood for various purposes increases dramatically to meet the demand and need to produce forest seedlings in quantity and quality, to establish good stands. In this sense, the success of forest plantations is not linked solely to the species used, but directly depends on the type of container, the quality of seeds and substrate used. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of biosolids as substrate for the production of seedlings of Australian cedar (Toona ciliata). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at forest nursery/CCA / UFES. The experimental design was completely randomized, consisting of six treatments with biosolids, in decreasing proportions associated with subsoil, and two treatments without the use of biosolids (manure + soil and commercial substrate, respectively), with 8 repetitions. In general, the best results for the morphological analysis were obtained using 100 to 70% of biosolids in the substrate. Therefore, the biosolids can be considered suitable for the growth of seedlings of Toona ciliata which demonstrates a viable alternative for disposal of this waste.

Sewage sludge assessment on growth of Acacia mangium seedlings by principal components analysis and orthogonal contrasts

ABSTRACT This experiment aimed to compare combinations of sewage sludge-based substrates on the growth of Acacia mangium seedlings by principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal contrasts (OC). It was conducted in structures of a forest nursery, localized in Southeast of Brazil, in 280 cm3 tubes constituted by 14 treatments and 5 replicates of four plants. When the seedlings reached 100 days after sowing, the treatments containing sewage sludge associated with vermiculite were those that stood out for the growth of A. mangium seedlings, showing the highest averages for the biometric features. The addition of coconut fiber and coffee straw did not produce good growth as well as the evaluated commercial substrate. It can be stated that the use of principal components and OC were efficient in evaluating the best substrate added to the sewage sludge having a limitation in identifying the best ratio between constituents of the substrate.

SUBSTRATOS ALTERNATIVOS NA PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE Mimosa setosa Benth

The present study aimed to evaluate the production of seedlings of Mimosa setosa from the use of different combinations of substrates, namely, cattle manure, poultry litter, quail manure and commercial substrate. The experiment was conducted in the Nursery Center for Agricultural Sciences, at the Federal University of Espirito Santo state, and mounted in a completely randomized design (CRD). When the seedlings reached five months after sowing, the following characteristics were measured: total height, collar diameter, plant height/collar diameter ratio, dry mass of shoot, dry mass of root, total dry mass and dry mass ratio of shoot/root dry mass, along with the Dickson quality index (IQD). It was found that, for the production of seedlings of Mimosa setosa, it is recommended a formulation consisted by 25% of commercial substrate + 35% of poultry litter + 40% of subsoil, having this one the best averages in morphological characteristics total height, collar diameter, plant height/collar diameter ratio, dry mass of shoot, dry mass of root and total dry mass.

USO DE RESÍDUO ORGÂNICO EM SUBSTRATO PARA PRODUÇÃO DE Chamaecrista desvauxii (Collad.) Killip var. latistipula (Benth.)

The production of seedlings is one of the most important stages for the establishment of good stands of native species. Substrate exerts significant influence on plant growth, and there are many materials that can be used in its original composition or combined. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of seedlings of Chamaecrista desvauxii using different concentrations of organic waste and soil. Treatments were established using five types of substrate (1) commercial substrate (SC), (2) bovine manure (EB), (3) chicken litter (CF), (4) quail manure (EC) and (5) subsoil (TS) in different proportions. When the seedlings reached 150 days the following variables were measured: stem diameter (D), plant height (H), ratio between plant height and stem diameter (RHD), shoot dry mass (MSPA), root system dry mass (MSR), total dry mass (MST), shoot/root dry mass ratio (RMSPAR), root/shoot ratio dry mass (RMSRPA), and Dickson quality index (IQD). All formulations with organic waste provided better results compares to the control treatment. For the production of Chamaecrista desvauxii it is recommended the use 25% of commercial substrate + 35% of bovine manure + 40% of subsoil.

Concentração e quantidade de nutrientes em mudas de Teca produzidas em substratos orgânicos

Os residuos industriais, urbanos ou agropecuarios podem ser utilizados como fonte de nutrientes visando contribuir para a reducao dos custos de producao de mudas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a concentracao e a quantidade de nutrientes em mudas de Tectona grandis produzidas em substrato orgânico. As mudas foram produzidas em tubetes com capacidade volumetrica de 280 cm³, preenchidos com dois grupos de residuos e constituindo dois estudos. O primeiro constituiu em formular substratos com biossolido (BIO) associado a casca de arroz carbonizada (CAC) ou a fibra de coco (FB) triturada nas proporcoes 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80 (v:v), e tambem com 100% de BIO, formando nove tratamentos a base de BIO submetidos a comparacao do tratamento com o substrato comercial florestal. O segundo estudo caracterizou-se por utilizar proporcoes (v:v:v) de 15, 25 ou 35% de esterco bovino (EB), cama de frango (CF) ou esterco de codorna (EC) associados a terra de subsolo (60, 50 ou 40%, respectivamente) e a 25% de substrato comercial florestal, formando um conjunto de nove tratamentos. Considerando as concentracoes e quantidades de nutrientes, os maiores valores foram obtidos no tratamento com 80% BIO + 20% de CAC, para os tratamentos com biossolido. Para o estudo com estercos de animais, a maior quantidade de nutrientes foi observada no tratamento com 35% de CF. O BIO com 60 e 80% associado a CAC ou a FC promoveu os maiores ganhos em altura, diâmetro, massa seca da parte aerea e radicular, no experimento com biossolido

Biomassa e o teor de nutrientes em diferentes compartimentos acima do solo de Mimosa velloziana Mart e Tephrosia candida D.C.

A Recuperacao de uma area consiste em torna-la novamente produtiva, seja para fins de conservacao ou producao. E necessario assim, gerar conhecimento sobre tecnicas para adequar procedimentos e tecnicas para esta finalidade. Diante disso, este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a biomassa e o teor de nutrientes em diferentes compartimentos acima do solo em duas especies de leguminosas ( Mimosa velloziana Mart e Tephrosia candida D.C.) e uma Floresta de Tabuleiros. As leguminosas e a Floresta de Tabuleiro estao estabelecidas sob Argissolo Amarelo Distrocoeso em Linhares, ES. A biomassa acima do solo das leguminosas foi compartimentalizada em: folhas, ramos e ramos secos para Mimosa e folhas, galhos com diâmetro superior e inferior a 2 cm, e galhos secos, para a Tefrosia. Avaliou-se ainda a serapilheira acumulada nas leguminosas e na Floresta de Tabuleiros e seus nutrientes, na estacao chuvosa e seca. Verificou-se que a Tefrosia apresentou a maior producao de biomassa acima do solo, sendo compartimentalizado nas folhas, os maiores teores de nutrientes. A biomassa da serapilheira acumulada nao foi influenciada pelas estacoes de seca e chuva, sendo encontrado maior valor na area com Mimosa. O nitrogenio foi o nutriente com maior teor na serapilheira, seguido por calcio > magnesio > potassio > fosforo > manganes > boro > zinco > cobre.