Elzo Pereira Pinto Junior

Promoção da saúde e prevenção de doenças crônicas: o que fazem as equipes de Saúde da Família?

Este estudo objetiva descrever as acoes de promocao da saude e prevencao de doencas cronicas realizadas pelas equipes de saude que aderiram ao Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atencao Basica (PMAQ-AB) no Brasil e cotejar as informacoes prestadas pelos profissionais de saude com aquelas obtidas pelos entrevistadores atraves de comprovacao documental. E um estudo transversal com dados secundarios obtidos da base de dados do PMAQ-AB. Os resultados demonstraram a incipiencia da realizacao das acoes analisadas, especialmente aquelas dirigidas para idosos e para a deteccao de problemas entre escolares, alem de pouca comprovacao das acoes realizadas, traduzindo a baixa institucionalizacao dessas acoes no âmbito da Estrategia Saude da Familia.

NOTIFICAÇÃO COMPULSÓRIA DE VIOLÊNCIA SEXUAL CONTRA CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES

Introduction: Sexual violence against children and adolescents is a major challenge to public health. It triggers physical, psychological, emotional, and social impacts giving rise to permanent squeals in the victims. Objective: Identify the frequency of sexual violence cases against children reported at a Reference specialized center of Social Assistance in a medium-sized municipality in the Northeastern region of Brazil from 2005 to 2011. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional epidemiologic study using secondary data from sexual violence case records concerning children and adolescents, as well as their perpetrators. To gather data, we used a data sheet generated by Microsoft Excel and all statistical analyses were performed using the software SPSS. Descriptive Statistics were expressed as absolute and relative frequencies. Results: Between the time frame studied, 2005 (29%) had the highest frequency of case records. Females had a higher number of victims (83.9%), and the episodes were mainly in the age group ranging from 11 to 15 years (52.5%). The main perpetrators were male (91.8%) and people close to the family (59.2%). Most cases of violence happened at home (52.5%), and 76.5% of complaints were made by family members. Conclusion: This study pointed out the need for a continued and effective action from the protection agencies to children and adolescents’ rights to prevent sexual violence and other types of violence and abuse, seeking to avoid trauma and other damage to physical and mental health of these individuals.

Prevalência e fatores associados às anomalias congênitas em recém-nascidos

Objective: To describe the prevalence and analyze the associated factors of congenital abnormalities in newborns (NBs). Methods: Cross-sectional study based on 33,141 Live Birth Certificates (LBCs) of babies whose mothers were living in Salvador, Bahia, in 2014. A descriptive analysis was initially performed, followed by bivariate analysis of the association between congenital abnormalities and maternal, pregnancy, and newborns characteristics, with estimation of prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). After the bivariate analysis, the multivariate logistic regression was performed. Results: The prevalence of congenital abnormalities was 1.0%, and the leading causes were conditions related to the musculoskeletal system (52.1%). The multivariate analysis evidenced higher prevalence of abnormalities in male newborns (PR=1.40; 95%CI: 1.12-1.74), with low birth weight (PR=2.34; 95% CI: 1.77-3.08) and unsatisfactory five-minute Apgar score (PR=3.34; 95%CI: 2.30-4.82), whose mothers were under 18 or over 35 years of age (PR=1.69; 95%CI: 1.17-2.43) and underwent cesarean delivery (PR=1.46; 95%CI: 1.17-1.83). Conclusion: A low prevalence of congenital abnormalities was found, and this outcome was associated with mothers at an extreme age and adverse clinical condition at birth, such as low weight and unsatisfactory Apgar score.

Correlation between movement of the feet and motor function of children with chronic encephalopathy

Introduction: Chronic non-progressive encephalopathy (CNPE) is one of the most common causes of physical deformities in childhood. It is characterized by non-progressive neuropathological abnormalities of the developing brain, which results in neuromotor impairments and changes in posture and movement. Objective: To evaluate foot deformities in children with CNPE, by measuring the joint amplitude and correlating these measures with the scores of the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88), using all its five dimensions. Methods: Cross-sectional and descriptive study with a sample of 17 children. The data collection instruments used were manual goniometer and the Gross Motor Function Measure test (GMFM-88). Data were analyzed using the program SPSS version 18, and the Pearson correlation test as a measure of association. Results: Children with chronic encephalopathy and a reduced amplitude motion have lower capacity in motor function. Statistically significant correlation was found for the right dorsiflexion angle (p = 0.023), left dorsiflexion angle (p = 0.019), right inversion (p = 0.040), left inversion (p = 0.034) and left eversion (p = 0.018). There was no statistically significant correlation for the right eversion (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Musculoskeletal disorders associated with CNPE and foot deformities interfere negatively in motor function, compromising the functional performance of these children.

HOSPITALIZAÇÕES POR DOENÇAS DO APARELHO CIRCULATÓRIO EM IDOSOS E ESTRATÉGIA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA

Introduction: The aging in Brazil brought the increase of cases diagnosed by chronic diseases in the elderly population. Concur- rent with this process, there is an increase in hospitalizations, mainly caused by cardiovascular diseases. In this context, the role of welfare policies that enhance primary care from the perspective of improving the quality of life of older people is important, such as the Family Health Strategy. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the expansion of Family Health Strategy and hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases in the elderly, in Montes Claros-MG, in the last 13 years. Material and Methods: This is an epidemiological study, with an ecological design and time series approach. The researchers retrieved data from the Hospital Information System and the Primary Care Information System. Statistical analysis was performed by a descriptive and bivariate analysis, using the Shapiro-Wilk test and Pearson correlation. For the analyses, a P value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: There was an increase in the records of hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases. However, considering the population increase between the years 2000-2012, a reduction of 10.7% in this indicator was noted. Regarding the areas covered by the Family Health Strategy, we observed an increase of 219.6%. There is an association between the reduction of hospitalization index for cardiovascular diseases and the expansion of the Family Health Strategy (r = -0.636; P = 0.019). Conclusion: The Family Health Strategy seems to have made an important contribution to reducing admissions for cardiovascular disease in elderly people living in Montes Claros since 2000 until 2012.