Emel Öykü Çetin

EFFICACY OF SULPHASALAZINE ON LUNG HISTOPATHOLOGY IN A MURINE MODEL OF CHRONIC ASTHMA

Sulphasalazine is a specific inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κ B) which plays a key role in asthma. To determine the impact of sulphasalazine in the treatment of chronic asthma, BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin. Mice with experimentally induced asthma in group I received saline, group II sulphasalazine 200 mg/kg, group III sulphasalazine 300 mg/kg, and group IV dexamethasone 1 mg/kg intraperitoneally once a day in the last 7 days of the challenge period. Histological findings of the airways were evaluated by light and electron microscopies. Dexamethasone and sulphasalazine in both doses significantly improved all airway histopathologic parameters of asthma except numbers of goblet cells. Both doses of sulphasalazine improved thicknesses of basement membrane better than dexamethasone. Dexamethasone reduced the number of mast cells better than sulphasalazine (200 mg/kg). Further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of sulphasalazine in the treatment of asthma.

Clinical findings and gingival crevicular fluid prostaglandin E2 and interleukin-1-beta levels following initial periodontal treatment and short-term meloxicam administration

Objective: To evaluate the effects of adjunctive meloxicam administration on clinical periodontal measurements and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β) levels in chronic periodontitis. Methods: Forty chronic periodontitis patients were randomized to receive either meloxicam 7.5 mg or placebo tablets for 10 days with scaling and root planing (SRP). GCF levels of PGE2 and IL-1β at baseline, day 10 of drug intake and 4 weeks after SRP were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Demographic, clinical periodontal data were analyzed using a repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni analysis. GCF PGE2 and IL-1β levels were compared between different evaluation times using the Friedman test. The Mann–Whitney test was used to compare biochemical data between the study groups. Pearson correlation analysis was used to relate clinical and biochemical data. Results: Study groups showed significant reductions in all clinical periodontal measurements and GCF volume (p < 0.05). In both groups, IL-1β was reduced significantly on day 10 and at week 4 compared with baseline (p < 0.01) without significant changes in PGE2 levels (p > 0.05). No significant differences were found between study groups in GCF IL-1β or PGE2 levels (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Adjunctive meloxicam does not seem to provide additional improvement in clinical parameters or GCF PGE2 and IL-1β levels. Larger-scale studies may better clarify potential usage of anti-inflammatory agents in periodontal therapy.

Effects of Silk Sericin on Incision Wound Healing in a Dorsal Skin Flap Wound Healing Rat Model

Background The wound healing process is complex and still poorly understood. Sericin is a silk protein synthesized by silk worms (Bombyx mori). The objective of this study was to evaluate in vivo wound healing effects of a sericin-containing gel formulation in an incision wound model in rats. Material/Methods Twenty-eight Wistar-Albino rats were divided into 4 groups (n=7). No intervention or treatment was applied to the Intact control group. For other groups, a dorsal skin flap (9×3 cm) was drawn and pulled up with sharp dissection. The Sham operated group received no treatment. The Placebo group received placebo gel without sericin applied to the incision area once a day from day 0 to day 9. The Sericin Group 3 received 1% sericin gel applied to the incision area once a day from day 0 to day 9. Hematoxylin and eosin stain was applied for histological analysis and Mallory-Azan staining was applied for histoimmunochemical analysis of antibodies and iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase), and desmin was applied to paraffin sections of skin wound specimens. Parameters of oxidative stress were measured in the wound area. Results Epidermal thickness and vascularization were increased, and hair root degeneration, edema, cellular infiltration, collagen discoloration, and necrosis were decreased in Sericin group in comparison to the Placebo group and the Sham operated group. Malonyldialdehyde (MDA) levels were decreased, but superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were increased in the sericin group. Conclusions We found that sericin had significant positive effects on wound healing and antioxidant activity. Sericin-based formulations can improve healing of incision wounds.

A contemporary review of molecular candidates for the development and treatment of childhood medulloblastoma.

IntroductionMedulloblastoma is the most common pediatric central nervous system tumor; however, the causes are not well established. There has been some emphasis on mutations in developmental pathways and their impact on tumor pathology in hereditary diseases, but, in order to better understand the nature of diseases like medulloblastoma, other mechanisms also require attention.PurposeThe purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the main genes involved in neurodevelopment, their downstream targets, and modulatory links by growth factors. Occurrence of pediatric brain tumors including medulloblastoma are mostly sporadic, but some hereditary diseases like Li–Fraumeni syndrome, Gorlin’s syndrome, Turcot’s syndrome, and Rubenstein–Tarbi syndrome are known to contribute their development as consequences of germline mutations at specific points: DNA-repairing gene Tp53 for Li–Fraumeni syndrome or Patch for Gorlin’s, and apoptosis-related gene product adenomatous polyposis coli for Turcot’s disease.ConclusionIntracellular relations at molecular level and future therapeutics that specifically target the corresponding pathways should be well understood in order to prevent and cure childhood medulloblastoma.

Evaluation of in vitro release and skin irritation of benzoyl peroxide-containing products

Abstract Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) has been known as a highly effective topical agent in acne vulgaris therapy for a long time. It induces an irritant dermatitis with erythema and scaling. Therefore, the aim of this study was to formulate BPO containing w/o/w multiple emulsion and gel formulations with and without chitosan microparticles to decrease skin irritation and to compare the release profiles through cellulose acetate, cellophane membranes and excised rat skin. A commercial preparation was also used and the similarities between commercial and experimental formulations were assessed by difference factor (f). The release results indicated that gel base exhibited a higher drug release than the other experimental formulations (p

Sıçan testisinde subakut deltametrin maruziyetinin etkileri: Histopatolojik bir çalışma

Amac : Bu calismada bir hayvan modelinde deltametrinin toksisitenin testis histolojisi uzerindeki etkileri degerlendirildi. Gerec ve yontemler : Agirliklari 200-220 gram olan toplam 36 yetiskin erkek Sprague-Dawley albino cinsi sican dort gruba ayrildi. Grup 1 sicanlara deltametrin 15 mg/kg/gun, grup 2 sicanlara deltametrin 30 mg/kg/gun, grup 3 sicanlara deltametrin 60 mg/kg/gun ve grup 4 sicanlara (kontrol grubu) %0.9 sodyum klorur 1 mL/kg/gun 30 gun boyunca oral gavaj yolu ile verildi. Bulgular : Deltametrin uygulanmis sicanlarin testislerinde; seminifer tubullerde ve spermatogenik seri hucrelerinde hasarlanma tespit edildi. Ozellikle, seminifer tubullerde atrofi ve tunika albugineada incelme saptandi. Bu degisiklikler artan doz ile dogrudan baglantili idi. Sonuc : Sicanlarda deltametrin kullanimi doza bagli olarak testis toksisitesine yol acmaktadir.

Novel application of Eudragit RL and cholesteryl oleyl carbonate to thermo-sensitive drug delivery system

The Eudragit RL 100 and propylene glycol (PG) membranes with and without cholesteryl oleyl carbonate (COC) were prepared by the solvent casting method to pioneer a novel application of a thermo-sensitive drug delivery system. After that, the properties of these membranes were investigated by thermal, scanning, and porosity studies. Drug permeation studies through all membranes were carried out using salbuthamol sulphate (SBS) at constant temperatures (25°C and 37°C), respectively. The permeability of SBS through the membranes with COC has been shown to be a discontinuous function of temperature, that is, their permeability increased steeply above the phase transition temperature (37°C) of the COC. The thermo-sensitive permeation mechanism for the membranes might be based on the structure change of the membranes caused by the phase transition, so that the membranes could absorb more water. Considering the high biological safety of Eudragit RL 100 and PG membranes with and without COC might be used to develop a novel thermo-sensitive drug delivery system.

Novel microparticle drug delivery systems based on chitosan and Eudragit®RSPM to enhance diltiazem hydrochloride release property

The aim of this study was to enhance the release properties of diltiazem hydrochloride (diltiazem HCl) by using microparticle system. For this reason, microparticle drug delivery systems based on chitosan and Eudragit®RSPM were developed. The microparticles were prepared by using double-emulsion solvent extraction method and the mean sizes of microparticles were less than 120 µm. The in vitro drug release from microparticles was studied in simulated gastric (pH 1.2) and intestinal media (pH 7.4) than the results were evaluated by kinetically. In vitro diltiazem HCl release from microparticles showed good zero order kinetic. For the microparticles with chitosan, the release of diltiazem HCl at pH 1.2 could be effectively sustained, while the release of diltiazem HCl increased at pH 7.4 when compared to Eudragit®RSPM microparticles. The highest release percent obtained was 1:1 ratio of drug: polymer at pH 1.2 and 7.4. All results clearly suggest that the release properties of diltiazem HCl were improved by using microparticle systems especially which contain chitosan.