Enayde de Almeida Melo

PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BILIMBI (Averrhoa bilimbi L.)

The aimed of this work was to investigate the effects of maturity stages on the physicochemical characteristics of bilimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) which were cultivated in Recife-PE. During one year, the fruits were harvested from five different trees (unidentified variety) in mature and half-mature stages. They were analysed on total soluble solids (TSS), oxalic acid and vitamin C. Ripe fruits had the highest levels of TSS and vitamin C and lowest levels of oxalic acid, independently of weather conditions. The results showed that maturity stage influenced on physicochemical characteristics of bilimbi fruits.

Flavonóides em seleções de acerola (Malpighia sp l.). 1- Teor de antocianinas e flavonóis totais

The flavonoids comprise a class of natural pigments that are frequently found in vegetables. The anthocyanins and flavonols are compounds which belong to the flavonoids group and they are responsible for red to violet and white to light-yellow coloration, respectively. The anthocyanins pigments are responsible for the red colour of the acerola fruit. However, the seed propagation of acerola trees has grown fruits which present colour variation from yellow to dark red. So, there is interest to spread acerola trees with red colour fruits. This paper aimed to determine the content of total anthocyanins and flavonols in selections of acerola - Barbados, Coopama, Flor Branca, Inada, Miro e Okinawa. Fruits were harvested based on homogeneous red colour, between the months of March and June/1999, and analysed with regard to the content of total anthocyanins and flavonols. Inada and Barbados selections presented the highest contents of these pigments when compared to those selections what could be of agronomical interest.The flavonoids comprise a class of natural pigments that are frequently found in vegetables. The anthocyanins and flavonols are compounds which belong to the flavonoids group and they are responsible for red to violet and white to light-yellow coloration, respectively. The anthocyanins pigments are responsible for the red colour of the acerola fruit. However, the seed propagation of acerola trees has grown fruits which present colour variation from yellow to dark red. So, there is interest to spread acerola trees with red colour fruits. This paper aimed to determine the content of total anthocyanins and flavonols in selections of acerola - Barbados, Coopama, Flor Branca, Inada, Miro e Okinawa. Fruits were harvested based on homogeneous red colour, between the months of March and June/1999, and analysed with regard to the content of total anthocyanins and flavonols. Inada and Barbados selections presented the highest contents of these pigments when compared to those selections what could be of agronomical interest.

Flavonoids in acerola (Malpighia sp L.) selections. 1- Anthocyanins and flavonols content

The flavonoids comprise a class of natural pigments that are frequently found in vegetables. The anthocyanins and flavonols are compounds which belong to the flavonoids group and they are responsible for red to violet and white to light-yellow coloration, respectively. The anthocyanins pigments are responsible for the red colour of the acerola fruit. However, the seed propagation of acerola trees has grown fruits which present colour variation from yellow to dark red. So, there is interest to spread acerola trees with red colour fruits. This paper aimed to determine the content of total anthocyanins and flavonols in selections of acerola - Barbados, Coopama, Flor Branca, Inada, Miro e Okinawa. Fruits were harvested based on homogeneous red colour, between the months of March and June/1999, and analysed with regard to the content of total anthocyanins and flavonols. Inada and Barbados selections presented the highest contents of these pigments when compared to those selections what could be of agronomical interest.The flavonoids comprise a class of natural pigments that are frequently found in vegetables. The anthocyanins and flavonols are compounds which belong to the flavonoids group and they are responsible for red to violet and white to light-yellow coloration, respectively. The anthocyanins pigments are responsible for the red colour of the acerola fruit. However, the seed propagation of acerola trees has grown fruits which present colour variation from yellow to dark red. So, there is interest to spread acerola trees with red colour fruits. This paper aimed to determine the content of total anthocyanins and flavonols in selections of acerola - Barbados, Coopama, Flor Branca, Inada, Miro e Okinawa. Fruits were harvested based on homogeneous red colour, between the months of March and June/1999, and analysed with regard to the content of total anthocyanins and flavonols. Inada and Barbados selections presented the highest contents of these pigments when compared to those selections what could be of agronomical interest.

Influence of Process Conditions on Drying by Atomization Pulp Umbu

The present study evaluated the influence of variables involved in the drying process by atomization on the physico-chemical properties of umbu powder. The process was carried out using a laboratory scale atomizer with DE 15 maltodextrin as the carrier agent. Seventeen assays were performed according to a central composite rotational design. The independent variables were drying air temperature, mass feeding flow, and carrier agent concentration. The analyzed responses were water activity, moisture, hygroscopicity, process yield, and retention of phenolic compounds (RPC) in the final product. Drying air temperature negatively affected water activity and moisture content, i.e., higher applied temperatures led to lower water activity and moisture content in atomized umbu. However, the effects of the linear, quadratic, and interaction factors were not statistically significant over hygroscopicity and process yield at 95% level of statistical significance; therefore, it was not possible to generate a model. The RPC was influenced by the mass feeding flow and carrier agent concentration; the use of faster flows and higher concentrations of maltodextrin presented a final product with higher RPC. Based on the analysis of response surface graphs, an assay was selected and physically characterized: apparent density of 0.61 g/mL and percentage of solubility of 80.28%. Atomized umbu particles showed uniform size and formed numerous small pellets with spherical shape and predominantly rough surface.