Endang Lukitaningsih

Antidiabetic and antihiperlipidemic effect of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees and andrographolide in high-fructose-fat-fed rats.

Objectives: Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees originates from India and grows widely in many areas in Southeast Asian countries. Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees has shown an antidiabetic effect in type 1 DM rats. The present study investigates the purified extract of the plant and its active compound andrographolide for antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects in high-fructose-fat-fed rats, a model of type 2 DM rats. Materials and Methods: Hyperglycemia in rats was induced by high-fructose-fat diet containing 36% fructose, 15% lard, and 5% egg yolks in 0.36 g/200 gb.wt. 55 days. The rats were treated with the extract or test compound on the 50th day. Antidiabetic activity was measured by estimating mainly the pre– and postprandial blood glucose levels and other parameters such as cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride, and body weight. Results: The purified extract and andrographolide significantly (P<0.05) decreased the levels of blood glucose, triglyceride, and LDL compared to controls. However, no changes were observed in serum cholesterol and rat body weight. Metformin also showed similar effects on these parameters. Conclusions: Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees or its active compound andrographolide showed hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects in high-fat-fructose-fed rat.

Application of Vibrational Spectroscopy in Combination with Chemometrics Techniques for Authentication of Herbal Medicine

Abstract: One of the emerging issues in herbal medicine is its authenticity. The substitution of highly valuable materials in herbal medicine with lower ones is common practice in the herbal medicine industry. This practice can cause serious effects or be harmful to human health; therefore, the authentication of herbal medicine using analytical techniques is necessary. Due to its capability as fingerprint technique, vibrational spectroscopy (infrared and Raman), especially in combination with several chemometrics techniques, is the method of choice for authentication purposes. This review highlights the use of mid-infrared, near-infrared, and Raman spectroscopy for authentication of herbal medicine, either in raw materials or in final products.

Use of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in Combination with Partial Least Square for Authentication of Black Seed Oil

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in combination with multivariate calibration of partial least square is intended for quantitative analysis of black seed oil in binary mixture with sunflower oil and walnut oil, as well as in ternary mixture with sunflower oil and walnut oil. The spectra of black seed oil, sunflower oil, walnut oil, and their mixture with certain concentration were scanned using attenuated total reflectance at mid infrared region of 4000–650 cm−1. For quantitatve analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectral treatment (normal or derivatives) with the highest values of coefficient of determination (R2) and the lowest values of root mean square error of calibration was selected as optimal calibration model. Partial least square at whole mid infrared region of 4000–650 cm−1 is well suited for quantitative analysis of black seed oil either in binary mixture or ternary mixture with walnut oil and sunflower oil. Furthermore, using absorbancies at frequency region of 3009–721 cm−1, principal component analysis is succesfully used for classification of black seed oil and that mixed with sunflower oil and walnut oil. The developed method is rapid, no sample preparation needed, and is not involving the use of chemical reagents and solvents. Color versions of one or more of the figures in the article can be found online at www.tandfonline.com/ljfp.

Analytical Method Validation of Selected Organochlorine Pesticides in Fortified Rice Using Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detector

An UV spectrophotometric area under curve method was developed for the estimation of Levofloxacin Hemihydrate in its mono component tablets. The spectrophotometric method for estimation employed Area under curve method for analysis using 0.1M Sodium Hydroxide as solvent for the drug Levofloxacin Hemihydrate at the wavelength range of 285-295nm. Levofloxacin Hemihydrate obeys Beer’s law in concentration range 10-50µg/ml. The recovery studies ascertained accuracy of the proposed method and the result validated according to ICH guideline. Results of analysis have been valid statistically by recovery studies. The method was successfully for evaluation of Levofloxacin Hemihydrate in tablet dosage form without the interference of common excipients.

Development of FTIR spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics for analysis of rat meat in beef sausage employing three lipid extraction systems

ABSTRACT The substitution of rat meat (non-halal meat) in beef-based sausage products is illegal practice. This study was aimed to develop Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics for analysis of rat meat in sausage employing three different lipid extraction techniques. Lipid was extracted from the sausages using Bligh and Dyer, Folch, and Soxhlet methods. The lipid extracted was then analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics of principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square (PLS) calibration. The absorbance values at wavenumbers region of 750–1800 cm−1 were selected in PCA for classification and PLS modeling for quantification. PCA was successfully used to classify rat meat and beef lipids extracted by the three lipid extraction methods. The coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) during PLS calibration modeling on lipid extracted from beef–rat meat sausages using Bligh and Dyer, Folch, and Soxhlet method were 0.945 and 2.73%; 0.991 and 1.73%; 0.992 and 1.69%, respectively. The validation study showed that R2 and root mean square error of prediction values for the correlation between actual value of rat meat and FTIR predicted value using lipids extracted by Folch and Soxhlet method were 0.458 and 18.90%, and 0.983 and 4.21%, respectively. Statistical analysis using independent t-test (p = 0.95) showed that there were significant differences on the content of some fatty acids of beef lipid and rat lipid as determined using gas chromatography. The contents of fatty acids of C12:0, C16:0, C16:1 cis 9, and C18:0 in rat lipid were higher than those in beef lipid, and the otherwise was observed for fatty acids of C14:1 cis 9, C15:0, C17:0, C17:1 cis 10, unsaturated C18, and C21:0. The difference in lipid composition, as indicated in FTIR spectra profiles and fatty acid composition, can be used as fingerprint technique for analysis of rat meat in beef sausage for halal authentication purpose.

A Rapid, Simple, and Validated RP-HPLC Method for Quantitative Analysis of Levofloxacin in Human Plasma

To conduct a bioequivalence study for a copy product of levofloxacin (LEV), a simple and validated analytical method was needed, but the previous developed methods were still too complicated. For this reason, a simple and rapid high performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for LEV quantification in human plasma. Chromatographic separation was performed under isocratic elution on a Luna Phenomenex ® C18 (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) column. The mobile phase was comprised of acetonitrile, methanol, and phosphate buffer 25 mM that adjusted at pH 3.0 (13:7:80 v/v/v) and pumped at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. Detection was performed under UV detector at wavelength of 280 nm. Samples were prepared by adding acetonitrile and followed by centrifugation to precipitate plasma protein. Then followed successively by evaporation and reconstitution step. The optimized method meets the requirements of validation parameters which included linearity (r = 0.995), sensitivity (LLOQ and LOD was 1.77 and 0.57 µg/mL respectively), accuracy (%error above LLOQ ≤ 12% and LLOQ ≤ 20%), precision (RSD ≤ 9%), and robustness in the ranges of 1.77-28.83 µg/mL. Therefore, the method can be used as a routine analysis of LEV in human plasma as well as in bioequivalence study of LEV.

Combination of low-concentration of novel phytoestrogen (8,9)-furanyl-pterocarpan-3-ol from Pachyrhizus erosus attenuated tamoxifen-associated growth inhibition on breast cancer T47D cells

Objective To investigate the estrogenic effect of (8,9)-furanyl-pterocarpan-3-ol (FPC) on growth of human breast cancer T47D cells and the interactions between the FPC and tamoxifen (TAM), on the growth of estrogen receptor-dependent breast cancer T47D cells.

ANALYSIS OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON IN SOME MEAT PRODUCTS

The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of organic compounds, composed two or more fused aromatic (benzene) rings, occurred in the environment due to incomplete combustion of organic matters such as forest fires, volcanic eruption, burning of fossil fuels and incorrect process of meat cooking (grilling, smoking, roasting). Healt concerns are focussed on the metabolite transformation of PAHs, which may have mutagenic, carcinogenic and terratogenic activity. Due to their hydophobicity, it is probable the compounds enter human food chain and accumulated in human lipid tissues. Therefore, environment pollution by PAHs must be considered. PAHs gain entry to human body through several routes including respiration, absorpsion through skin surface ang through food consumption that have been polluted with PAHs. In this study concentrations of PAHs (pyrene, perilene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(k)fluorantrene and benzo(a)pyrene) in traditional smoked meat, liquid smoked meat and roasted meat are determined. Determination of PAHs used gas chromatograph with OV 17 2% as a stationary phase, nitrogen as carrier gas and flame ionization detector. The results showed that PAHs concentrations in traditional smoked meat were higher than liquid smoked meat (41.19 ppb and 1.03 – 9.26 ppb). In the roasted meat, lipid concentration and roasting time influence PAHs concentration level. Keywords : polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, smoked meat, liquid smoke

CLEANING EFFECTIVITY OF SEVERAL SURFACTANS TO PESTISIDES RESIDUES ON FRESH APEL FRUITS

Intensification efforts in farming to increase productivity must consider the pesticide utilization, especially insecticide and herbicide. Several pestisides which are still used include carbofuran and organochlorine, some of them have lipofilic properties and might harm to human health. Therefore, an effort is required to washing off pesticides from farming products is one of the effort which can be performed. Since pesticides has lipofilic properties, therefore cleaning pesticides with water is not sufficient. Surfactant is required to increase washing off ability of water. Wash off ability of several surfactants circulated on the market i . e. SL, ML and A were investigated. The result showed that the wash off ability values of surfactants to DDT residues on fresh apples were 79.18 %, 75.19 % and 67.49 % for SL, A and ML respectively. The wash off effectiveness of surfactant A, SL and ML to -metrine were 85.29 %, 80.48 % and 64.47 % respectively. Key words: pesticide, cleaning efficiency surfactant, DDT, -metrine.