Eng Gee Lim

Review of the Wireless Capsule Transmitting and Receiving Antennas

However, the particularity of the alimentary track restricts the utilization of the current available examine techniques. The upper gastrointestinal tract can be examined by Gastroscopy. The bottom 2 meters makes up the colon and rectum, and can be examined by Colonoscopy. In between, lays the rest of the digestive tract, which is the small intestine characterised by being very long (average 7 meters) and very convoluted. However, this part of the digestive tract lies beyond the reach of the two previously indicated techniques. To diagnose the small intestine diseases, the special imaging techniques like CT scan or MRI are less useful in this circumstance.

State-of-Art Power Line Communications Channel Modelling

Abstract Power line communication (PLC) is an emerging technology for multimedia, broadband Internet access and smart grid appli- cations. However, the development of PLC has been slowed down by the absence of a generally applicable channel model. The modelling of PLC channel is very challenge due to a number of reasons such as the harshness and diversity of power networks, and the difficulties in measurement. Two channel modelling approaches can be found in literature, namely the top-down ap- proach and the bottom-up approach. These two approaches are summarised and analysed in this paper. Some representative works are also presented. Several future works, including random channel generation, channel model generalisation and smart grid channel modelling are suggested.

Building an Intelligent Laboratory Environment via a Cyber-Physical System

Activities in laboratories, workshops, and offices can be significantly affected by their ambiance and environmental conditions, such as lighting, humidity, and temperature. This research focuses on laboratories and aims to improve peoples performance of activities inside them. To this end, we have developed a cyber-physical system (CPS) for a smart/intelligent laboratory environment which is able to dynamically and automatically interpret and regulate environmental conditions. In this paper, we present the CPS development framework. The proposed CPS can measure, analyze, and regulate the thermal comfort. In order to prolong the lifetime of the system, mechanisms for low-volume communication, distributed computation, and habit-based adaptive control are proposed. Evaluations of an on-site deployment verify the functionality of the proposed CPS. Although our focus is on laboratories, this research can be applied to other similar environments, which are intended to support human performance and productivity, and has implications for the creation of smart cities.

Tuning of Kalman Filter Parameters via Genetic Algorithm for State-of-Charge Estimation in Battery Management System

In this work, a state-space battery model is derived mathematically to estimate the state-of-charge (SoC) of a battery system. Subsequently, Kalman filter (KF) is applied to predict the dynamical behavior of the battery model. Results show an accurate prediction as the accumulated error, in terms of root-mean-square (RMS), is a very small value. From this work, it is found that different sets of Q and R values (KFs parameters) can be applied for better performance and hence lower RMS error. This is the motivation for the application of a metaheuristic algorithm. Hence, the result is further improved by applying a genetic algorithm (GA) to tune Q and R parameters of the KF. In an online application, a GA can be applied to obtain the optimal parameters of the KF before its application to a real plant (system). This simply means that the instantaneous response of the KF is not affected by the time consuming GA as this approach is applied only once to obtain the optimal parameters. The relevant workable MATLAB source codes are given in the appendix to ease future work and analysis in this area.

UWB planar antennas for wireless capsule endoscopy

Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) has conquered some limitations of traditional diagnosing tools, such as the comfortlessness of the cables and the inability of examining small intestine section. However, this technique is still far from satisfactory and requires some feasible improvements. Antennas play a major role in achieving these improvements and in building up the communication link between the capsule and the external receiver. Therefore, the design of a WCE transmitter antenna has been investigated in this paper. Two planar antennas are proposed and optimized in this paper. These two planar antennas have an ultrawide bandwidth, omnidirectional radiation pattern and deep return loss, which can meet the requirements for WCE system.

Low-Complexity Semiblind Multi-CFO Estimation and ICA-Based Equalization for CoMP OFDM Systems

We propose a low-complexity semiblind structure with multiple-carrier-frequency-offset (CFO) estimation and independent component analysis (ICA)-based equalization for multiuser coordinated multipoint (CoMP) orthogonal frequency-division-multiplexing (OFDM) systems. A short pilot is carefully designed for each user and has a twofold advantage. On the one hand, using the pilot structure, a complex multidimensional search for multiple CFOs is divided into a number of low-complexity monodimensional searches. On the other hand, the cross correlations between the transmitted and the received pilots are explored to allow simultaneous elimination of permutation ambiguity and quadrant ambiguity in the ICA equalized signals. Simulation results show that with a low training overhead of 1.6%, the proposed semiblind system not only outperforms the existing multi-CFO estimation schemes in terms of bit error rate (BER) and mean square error (MSE) of multi-CFO estimation but achieves a BER performance close to the ideal case with perfect channel state information (CSI) and no CFO at the receiver as well.

Semi-blind MIMO OFDM systems with precoding aided CFO estimation and ICA based equalization

We propose a semi-blind multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system, with a precoding aided carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation approach, and an independent component analysis (ICA) based equalization structure. A number of reference data sequences are carefully designed offline and are superimposed to source data via a non-redundant linear precoding process, which can kill two birds with one stone, without introducing any extra total transmit power and spectral overhead. First, the reference data sequences are selected from a pool of carefully designed orthogonal sequences. The CFO estimation is to minimize the sum cross-correlation between the CFO compensated signals and the rest orthogonal sequences in the pool. Second, the same reference data enable elimination of the permutation and quadrant ambiguity in the ICA equalized signals by maximizing the cross-correlation between the ICA equalized signals and the reference data. Simulation results show that, without extra bandwidth and power needed, the proposed semi-blind system achieves a bit error rate (BER) performance close to the ideal case with perfect channel state information (CSI) and no CFO. Also, the precoding aided CFO estimation outperforms the constant amplitude zero autocorrelation (CAZAC) sequences based CFO estimation approach, with no spectral overhead.

Medical Applications of Microwave Imaging

Ultrawide band (UWB) microwave imaging is a promising method for the detection of early stage breast cancer, based on the large contrast in electrical parameters between malignant tumour tissue and the surrounding normal breast-tissue. In this paper, the detection and imaging of a malignant tumour are performed through a tomographic based microwave system and signal processing. Simulations of the proposed system are performed and postimage processing is presented. Signal processing involves the extraction of tumour information from background information and then image reconstruction through the confocal method delay-and-sum algorithms. Ultimately, the revision of time-delay and the superposition of more tumour signals are applied to improve accuracy.

A WSN approach to unmanned aerial surveillance of traffic anomalies: Some challenges and potential solutions

Stationary CCTV cameras are often used to help monitor car movements and detect any anomalies-e.g., accidents, cars going faster than the allowed speed, driving under the influence of alcohol, etc. The height of the cameras can limit their effectiveness and the types of image processing algorithm which can be used. With advancements in the development of inexpensive aerial flying objects and wireless devices, these two technologies can be coupled to support enhanced surveillance. The flying objects can carry multiple cameras and be sent well above the ground to capture and feed video/image information back to a ground station. In addition, because of the height the objects can achieve, they can capture videos and images which could lend themselves more suitably for the application of a variety of video and image processing algorithms to assist analysts in detecting any anomalies. In this paper, we examine some main challenges of using flying objects for surveillance purposes and propose some potential solutions to these challenges. By doing so, we attempt to provide the basis for developing a framework to build a viable system for improved surveillance based on low-cost equipment.

Inverse Projection of the Wireless Capsule Endoscopy Images

In this paper an innovative two-dimensional to three-dimensional mapping of the Wireless Capsule Endoscopy (WCE) images is proposed. This mapping allows to drastically reduce the time required by doctor to analyze the acquired data, and consequently permits to overcome one of the most serious limitation of the WCE procedure. This can be done by exploiting the intrinsic redundancy that is produced by the mechanism of image capturing along a line, where, the captured images share a portion of overlapped information that can be exploited to enhance and augment the final resolution. This final objective is not achieved by using higher resolution video sensor, which would require more sophisticated hardware, but by post-processing the already captured images. Thus allowing to improve the WCE performance while satisfying the strict constraints on the WCE hardware. Finally, it is worth reporting that this technique can be adopted in variety of applications that require information extraction from a series of images captured along a line.