Enrico Motta

Semantic annotation for knowledge management: Requirements and a survey of the state of the art

While much of a companys knowledge can be found in text repositories, current content management systems have limited capabilities for structuring and interpreting documents. In the emerging Semantic Web, search, interpretation and aggregation can be addressed by ontology-based semantic mark-up. In this paper, we examine semantic annotation, identify a number of requirements, and review the current generation of semantic annotation systems. This analysis shows that, while there is still some way to go before semantic annotation tools will be able to address fully all the knowledge management needs, research in the area is active and making good progress.

Integrating Folksonomies with the Semantic Web

While tags in collaborative tagging systems serve primarily an indexing purpose, facilitating search and navigation of resources, the use of the same tags by more than one individual can yield a collective classification schema. We present an approach for making explicit the semantics behind the tag space in social tagging systems, so that this collaborative organization can emerge in the form of groups of concepts and partial ontologies. This is achieved by using a combination of shallow pre-processing strategies and statistical techniques together with knowledge provided by ontologies available on the semantic web. Preliminary results on the del.icio.us and Flickr tag sets show that the approach is very promising: it generates clusters with highly related tags corresponding to concepts in ontologies and meaningful relationships among subsets of these tags can be identified.

The Semantic Web - ISWC 2009

Research Track.- Queries to Hybrid MKNF Knowledge Bases through Oracular Tabling.- Automatically Constructing Semantic Web Services from Online Sources.- Exploiting User Feedback to Improve Semantic Web Service Discovery.- A Generic Approach for Large-Scale Ontological Reasoning in the Presence of Access Restrictions to the Ontologys Axioms.- OntoCase-Automatic Ontology Enrichment Based on Ontology Design Patterns.- Graph-Based Ontology Construction from Heterogenous Evidences.- DOGMA: A Disk-Oriented Graph Matching Algorithm for RDF Databases.- Semantically-Aided Business Process Modeling.- Task Oriented Evaluation of Module Extraction Techniques.- A Decomposition-Based Approach to Optimizing Conjunctive Query Answering in OWL DL.- Goal-Directed Module Extraction for Explaining OWL DL Entailments.- Analysis of a Real Online Social Network Using Semantic Web Frameworks.- Coloring RDF Triples to Capture Provenance.- TripleRank: Ranking Semantic Web Data by Tensor Decomposition.- What Four Million Mappings Can Tell You about Two Hundred Ontologies.- Modeling and Query Patterns for Process Retrieval in OWL.- Context and Domain Knowledge Enhanced Entity Spotting in Informal Text.- Using Naming Authority to Rank Data and Ontologies for Web Search.- Executing SPARQL Queries over the Web of Linked Data.- Dynamic Querying of Mass-Storage RDF Data with Rule-Based Entailment Regimes.- Decidable Order-Sorted Logic Programming for Ontologies and Rules with Argument Restructuring.- Semantic Web Service Composition in Social Environments.- XLWrap - Querying and Integrating Arbitrary Spreadsheets with SPARQL.- Optimizing QoS-Aware Semantic Web Service Composition.- Synthesizing Semantic Web Service Compositions with jMosel and Golog.- A Practical Approach for Scalable Conjunctive Query Answering on Acyclic Knowledge Base.- Learning Semantic Query Suggestions.- Investigating the Semantic Gap through Query Log Analysis.- Towards Lightweight and Robust Large Scale Emergent Knowledge Processing.- On Detecting High-Level Changes in RDF/S KBs.- Efficient Query Answering for OWL 2.- Multi Visualization and Dynamic Query for Effective Exploration of Semantic Data.- A Conflict-Based Operator for Mapping Revision.- Functions over RDF Language Elements.- Policy-Aware Content Reuse on the Web.- Exploiting Partial Information in Taxonomy Construction.- Actively Learning Ontology Matching via User Interaction.- Optimizing Web Service Composition While Enforcing Regulations.- A Weighted Approach to Partial Matching for Mobile Reasoning.- Scalable Distributed Reasoning Using MapReduce.- Discovering and Maintaining Links on the Web of Data.- Concept and Role Forgetting in Ontologies.- Parallel Materialization of the Finite RDFS Closure for Hundreds of Millions of Triples.- Semantic Web In Use.- Live Social Semantics.- RAPID: Enabling Scalable Ad-Hoc Analytics on the Semantic Web.- LinkedGeoData: Adding a Spatial Dimension to the Web of Data.- Enrichment and Ranking of the YouTube Tag Space and Integration with the Linked Data Cloud.- Produce and Consume Linked Data with Drupal!.- Extracting Enterprise Vocabularies Using Linked Open Data.- Reasoning about Resources and Hierarchical Tasks Using OWL and SWRL.- Using Hybrid Search and Query for E-discovery Identification.- Bridging the Gap between Linked Data and the Semantic Desktop.- Vocabulary Matching for Book Indexing Suggestion in Linked Libraries - A Prototype Implementation and Evaluation.- Semantic Web Technologies for the Integration of Learning Tools and Context-Aware Educational Services.- Semantic Enhancement for Enterprise Data Management.- Lifting Events in RDF from Interactions with Annotated Web Pages.- A Case Study in Integrating Multiple E-commerce Standards via Semantic Web Technology.- Supporting Multi-view User Ontology to Understand Company Value Chains.- Doctoral Consortium.- EXPRESS: EXPressing REstful Semantic Services Using Domain Ontologies.- A Lexical-Ontological Resource for Consumer Heathcare.- Semantic Web for Search.- Towards Agile Ontology Maintenance.- Ontologies for User Interface Integration.- Semantic Usage Policies for Web Services.- Ontology-Driven Generalization of Cartographic Representations by Aggregation and Dimensional Collapse.- Invited Talks.- Populating the Semantic Web by Macro-reading Internet Text.- Search 3.0: Present, Personal, Precise.

MnM: Ontology Driven Semi-automatic and Automatic Support for Semantic Markup

An important precondition for realizing the goal of a semantic web is the ability to annotate web resources with semantic information. In order to carry out this task, users need appropriate representation languages, ontologies, and support tools. In this paper we present MnM, an annotation tool which provides both automated and semi-automated support for annotating web pages with semantic contents. MnM integrates a web browser with an ontology editor and provides open APIs to link to ontology servers and for integrating information extraction tools. MnM can be seen as an early example of the next generation of ontology editors, being web-based, oriented to semantic markup and providing mechanisms for large-scale automatic markup of web pages.

SemSearch: a search engine for the semantic web

Existing semantic search tools have been primarily designed to enhance the performance of traditional search technologies but with little support for ordinary end users who are not necessarily familiar with domain specific semantic data, ontologies, or SQL-like query languages. This paper presents SemSearch, a search engine, which pays special attention to this issue by providing several means to hide the complexity of semantic search from end users and thus make it easy to use and effective.

IRS-II: a framework and infrastructure for semantic web services

In this paper we describe IRS-II (Internet Reasoning Service) a framework and implemented infrastructure, whose main goal is to support the publication, location, composition and execution of heterogeneous web services, augmented with semantic descriptions of their functionalities. IRS-II has three main classes of features which distinguish it from other work on semantic web services. Firstly, it supports one-click publishing of standalone software: IRS-II automatically creates the appropriate wrappers, given pointers to the standalone code. Secondly, it explicitly distinguishes between tasks (what to do) and methods (how to achieve tasks) and as a result supports capability-driven service invocation; flexible mappings between services and problem specifications; and dynamic, knowledge-based service selection. Finally, IRS-II services are web service compatible - standard web services can be trivially published through the IRS-II and any IRS-II service automatically appears as a standard web service to other web service infrastructures. In the paper we illustrate the main functionalities of IRS-II through a scenario involving a distributed application in the healthcare domain.

AquaLog: an ontology-portable question answering system for the semantic web

As semantic markup becomes ubiquitous, it will become important to be able to ask queries and obtain answers, using natural language (NL) expressions, rather than the keyword-based retrieval mechanisms used by the current search engines. AquaLog is a portable question-answering system which takes queries expressed in natural language and an ontology as input and returns answers drawn from the available semantic markup. We say that AquaLog is portable, because the configuration time required to customize the system for a particular ontology is negligible. AquaLog combines several powerful techniques in a novel way to make sense of NL queries and to map them to semantic markup. Moreover it also includes a learning component, which ensures that the performance of the system improves over time, in response to the particular community jargon used by the end users. In this paper we describe the current version of the system, in particular discussing its portability, its reasoning capabilities, and its learning mechanism.

AquaLog: An ontology-driven question answering system for organizational semantic intranets

The semantic web vision is one in which rich, ontology-based semantic markup will become widely available. The availability of semantic markup on the web opens the way to novel, sophisticated forms of question answering. AquaLog is a portable question-answering system which takes queries expressed in natural language and an ontology as input, and returns answers drawn from one or more knowledge bases (KBs). We say that AquaLog is portable because the configuration time required to customize the system for a particular ontology is negligible. AquaLog presents an elegant solution in which different strategies are combined together in a novel way. It makes use of the GATE NLP platform, string metric algorithms, WordNet and a novel ontology-based relation similarity service to make sense of user queries with respect to the target KB. Moreover it also includes a learning component, which ensures that the performance of the system improves over the time, in response to the particular community jargon used by end users.

Approaches to semantic web services: An overview and comparisons

The next Web generation promises to deliver Semantic Web Services (SWS); services that are self-described and amenable to automated discovery, composition and invocation. A prerequisite to this, however, is the emergence and evolution of the Semantic Web, which provides the infrastructure for the semantic interoperability of Web Services. Web Services will be augmented with rich formal descriptions of their capabilities, such that they can be utilized by applications or other services without human assistance or highly con-strained agreements on interfaces or protocols. Thus, Semantic Web Services have the potential to change the way knowledge and business services are consumed and provided on the Web. In this paper, we survey the state of the art of current enabling technologies for Semantic Web Services. In addition, we characterize the infrastructure of Semantic Web Services along three orthogonal dimensions: activities, architecture and service ontology. Further, we examine and contrast three current approaches to SWS according to the proposed dimensions.

ScholOnto: an ontology-based digital library server for research documents and discourse

Abstract.The internet is rapidly becoming the first place for researchers to publish documents, but at present they receive little support in searching, tracking, analysing or debating concepts in a literature from scholarly perspectives. This paper describes the design rationale and implementation of ScholOnto, an ontology-based digital library server to support scholarly interpretation and discourse. It enables researchers to describe and debate via a semantic network the contributions a document makes, and its relationship to the literature. The paper discusses the computational services that an ontology-based server supports, alternative user interfaces to support interaction with a large semantic network, usability issues associated with knowledge formalisation, new work practices that could emerge, and related work.