Enrique Jiménez-Rodríguez

Assessing the Health-Care Risk: The Clinical-VaR, a Key Indicator for Sound Management

Clinical risk includes any undesirable situation or operational factor that may have negative consequences for patient safety or capable of causing an adverse event (AE). The AE, intentional or unintentionally, may be related to the human factor, that is, medical errors (MEs). Therefore, the importance of the health-care risk management is a current and relevant issue on the agenda of many public and private institutions. The objective of the management has been evolving from the identification of AE to the assessment of cost-effective and efficient measures that improve the quality control through monitoring. Consequently, the goal of this paper is to propose a Key Risk Indicator (KRI) that enhances the advancement of the health-care management system. Thus, the application of the Value at Risk (VaR) concept in combination to the Loss Distribution Approach (LDA) is proved to be a proactive tool, within the frame of balanced scorecard (BSC), in health organizations. For this purpose, the historical events recorded in the Algo-OpData® database (Algorithmics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada, IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) have been used. The analysis highlights the importance of risk in the financials outcomes of the sector. The results of paper show the usefulness of the Clinical-VaR to identify and monitor the risk and sustainability of the implemented controls.

Toward an efficient people-risk capital allocation for financial firms: evidence from US banks

Although people are a very important asset for financial firms, they are a key source of risk. Banks must allocate regulatory capital for covering their people-risk exposure. By using the Algo OpDataTM data set from US banks, and based on the loss distribution approach, we first estimate people-value-at-risk (people-VaR), assuming perfect correlation among people-risk categories but nonperfect dependence, for which the multivariate fast Fourier transformation is proposed. The diversified people-VaR is provided as a key indicator of an efficient capital allocation, and the traditional risk-adjusted return on capital measure is then readapted to evaluate the people-risk-adjusted performance.