Erdoğan Büyükkasap

Chemical-effect variation of Kβ/Kα X-ray intensity ratios in 3d elements

Abstract Chemical effects on K β /K α X-ray intensity ratios for some Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn compounds are studied experimentally. The X-ray spectra were measured by using a Si (Li) solid state detector with high resolution. The vacancies were produced by heavily filtered 241 Am gamma rays. It is found that the K β /K α X-ray intensity ratios measured with compounds deviated up to 43% from the corresponding values of the pure elements. The values for pure elements are compared with the other experimental and with theoretical values.

X-Ray attenuation coefficients at different energies and the validity of the mixture rule for compounds around the absorption edge

Abstract The total mass attenuation coefficients for the elements Co, Mn and Co2O3, compounds CoCl2.6H2O, CoSO4, CoSO4.7H2O, MnCO3, KMnO4, MnCl2.2H2O, and MnCl2.4H2O were measured at different energies between 4.508 and 11.210 keV using a secondary excitation method. Ti, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se were chosen as secondary exciter. Gamma rays (59.5 keV) emitted from an 241Am annular source were used to excite a secondary exciter and Kα (K–L3, L2) lines emitted of a secondary exciter were counted by a Si(Li) detector with a resolution of 160 eV at 5.9 keV. It was observed that the mixture rule method is not suitable for determination of the mass attenuation coefficients of compounds, especially at energy that is near the absorption edge. Obtained values were compared with theoretical values.

Chemical effects on Kβ/Kα X-ray intensity ratios of Mo, Ag, Cd, Ba, La, Ce compounds and total mass attenuation coefficients of Fe and Cu

Abstract The Kβ/Kα intensity ratios for pure Mo, Ag, Cd, Ba, La and Ce elements and for some of their compounds were investigated. The vacancies in the K shell were created by 59.5-keV γ-rays from a heavily filtered 241 Am radioactive source. K X-rays were measured using a Si(Li) detector with a resolution of 155 eV at 5.9 keV. We observed chemical effects on Kβ/Kα intensity ratios of Mo, Ag, Cd, Ba, La and Ce compounds. Detailed interpretation of data obtained from X-ray transmission measurements usually depends on the assumption that the contribution of each element is additive. This assumption yields the mixture rule for X-ray attenuation coefficients which is valid if molecular and chemical effects are negligible. We measured the total mass attenuation coefficients of Fe and Cu in various compounds. Self-absorption corrections were carried out on data for ligands in the different compounds. Our values were compared with the theoretical values for pure elements.

Alloying Effect on Kβ/Kα Intensity Ratios in CrxNi1−x and CrxAl1−x Alloys

Introduction The Kα X-rays and the Kβ X-rays are two main components of the K X-ray emission lines of an atom when its K shell electrons are ejected by γ-rays or other energetic particles. A precise measurement of the Kβ/Kα intensity ratios is of great interest for quantitative analysis of trace elements; this is important because by comparison with the relevant theoretical values based on atomic models, there is the possibility to test the validity of the models.

Alloying effect on K shell fluorescence yield in CrxNi1-x and CrxAl1-x alloys

Abstract Alloying effects on the K shell fluorescence yield ω K in Cr x Ni 1- x and Cr x Al 1- x alloys have been studied. The vacancies in the K shell created by 59.5 keV γ rays from a filtered 241 Am source and the X-rays were measured with a Si(Li) detector. We found that the K shell fluorescence yield ω K is changed by the alloying effect in Cr x Ni 1- x and Cr x Ni 1- x alloys for different compositions of x . We compared our values with the fitted values of Hubbell et al. [J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 23 (1994) 2] for pure elements.

Chemical effects on Lα/Lβ X-ray intensity ratios of Ba, La and Ce

Chemical effects on the Lα/Lβ X-ray intensity ratio of Ba, La and Ce were investigated. The vacancies in the L shell were created by 59.5 keV γ-rays from an Am-241 radioactive source and the L X-rays were measured using a Si(Li) detector with resolution 160 eV at 5.9 keV. The experimental values are given with the theoretical values of the pure elements.

Kβ/Kα intensity ratios following radioactive decay and photoionization

Kβ/Kα intensity ratios for Cr, Mn, Fe, Cs and Ba have been measured following radioactive decay and photon excitation. A Ge(Li) detector coupled to an ND66B analyzer was used in the measurements. The Kβ/Kα intensity ratio is affected by the mode of excitation. This effect has a significant influence on Kβ/Kα intensity ratios of 3d shell elements (Cr, Mn, Fe). However, the effect was found smaller for Cs and Ba.

Angular Dependence of Differential Cross-Sections of L X-Rays from Hg, TI, and Pb at 59.5 keV

Introduction According to Cooper and Zare [l], spatial distribution of X-ray emission for different magnetic substrates is always isotropic, but in the theoretical calculations of Flugge et al. [2], it is shown that spatial distribution of X-rays is different for different magnetic substrates. The Xrays originating from the states corresponding to J = 1/2 (K shell and L1, L2, M1, M2, subshell, etc.) are expected to be isotropic and those corresponding to state J = 3/2 (L2, M3, M4, subshell, etc.) and J = 5/2 (M5 subshell, etc.) are expected to be anisotropic in their spatial distribution. The angular distributions of ion-induced [3–7] and photon-induced [8–10] L X-rays were investigated for some elements. We have measured differential cross-sections of L shell X-rays from Hg, T1, and Pb at different angles varying from 45° to 135° at 15° intervals.

Anisotropy ofL-shell X-rays in Au and Hg excited by 59.5 keV photons

SummaryThe anisotropy of emission intensity ofL-shell X-rays induced by 59.5 keV photons in Au and Hg was investigated at different angles varying from 45° to 135°. It is observed thatLl andLα X-rays (originating fromJ=3/2) are anisotropic,Lβ andLγ X-rays (originating fromJ=1/2, commonly) are isotropic.

The effect of the chemical environment on theKβ/Kα X-ray intensity ratio

SummaryChemical effects on theKβ/Kα X-ray intensity ratios were investigated for different constitutions of Ti, V, Fe, Se, Br, Zr and Ce by a Ge(Li) X-ray detector. The vacancies were produced by heavily filtered241Am gamma-rays. It is found that theKβ/Kα X-ray intensity ratios measured with compounds deviated up to 12% from the corresponding values of the pure elements (Ti, V, Fe) are larger than for the others (Se, Br, Zr and Ce).