E. Baydaş

Chemical effects on Kβ/Kα X-ray intensity ratios of Mo, Ag, Cd, Ba, La, Ce compounds and total mass attenuation coefficients of Fe and Cu

Abstract The Kβ/Kα intensity ratios for pure Mo, Ag, Cd, Ba, La and Ce elements and for some of their compounds were investigated. The vacancies in the K shell were created by 59.5-keV γ-rays from a heavily filtered 241 Am radioactive source. K X-rays were measured using a Si(Li) detector with a resolution of 155 eV at 5.9 keV. We observed chemical effects on Kβ/Kα intensity ratios of Mo, Ag, Cd, Ba, La and Ce compounds. Detailed interpretation of data obtained from X-ray transmission measurements usually depends on the assumption that the contribution of each element is additive. This assumption yields the mixture rule for X-ray attenuation coefficients which is valid if molecular and chemical effects are negligible. We measured the total mass attenuation coefficients of Fe and Cu in various compounds. Self-absorption corrections were carried out on data for ligands in the different compounds. Our values were compared with the theoretical values for pure elements.

Chemical effects on Lα/Lβ X-ray intensity ratios of Ba, La and Ce

Chemical effects on the Lα/Lβ X-ray intensity ratio of Ba, La and Ce were investigated. The vacancies in the L shell were created by 59.5 keV γ-rays from an Am-241 radioactive source and the L X-rays were measured using a Si(Li) detector with resolution 160 eV at 5.9 keV. The experimental values are given with the theoretical values of the pure elements.

Effects of chemical combination on x-ray K and K 1,3 emission spectra of Co

Chemical shift, differences of full width at half maximum (1FWHM) and full width at half maximum (FWHM) of K and K 1,3 x-ray emission lines were measured for the following Co compounds: Co, CoO, Co2O3,CoSO4.7H2O,Co(NO3)2.6H2O,CoCr2O4,Co(ClO4)2.6H2O, Co(C2H3O2),CoCl2.6H2O,CoCl2,CoF2,CoF2.4H2O and CoF3. The measurements were performed with wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometry (WDXRF). It was found that the calculated results for Co compounds are strongly correlated with the oxidation state. At the same time, chemical shift for F compounds is generally more than that for Cl compounds. Larger chemical shifts and FWHM were also found for K 1,3 lines than K ones. It should be noted that the magnitude of chemical shifts increases with the increasing number of ligand atoms.

Measurement of Kα and Kβ X-ray fluorescence cross-sections and the Kβ/Kα intensity ratios for elements in the range 22⩽Z⩽29 by 10 keV photons

Abstract Kα and Kβ X-ray fluorescence cross-sections and the Kβ / Kα intensity ratios were experimentally determined for elements in the range 22⩽ Z ⩽29 by 10 keV photons using secondary excitation method. K X-rays emitted by samples were counted by a Si(Li) detector with resolution 160 eV at 5.9 keV . Obtained values were compared with the calculated values. The experimental values for all the elements were in good agreement with the calculated values.

Variation of the Kβ/Kα intensity ratios of Ti, V and Cr in halogen compounds versus excitation energy in the interval 5.5-12.1 keV

The Kα/Kβ intensity ratios for Ti, V and Cr in halogen (F and Cl) compounds were investigated. Measurements were carried out at ten different energies in the 5.5-12.1 keV interval by using the secondary excitation method. K X-rays emitted by the samples were counted by a Si(Li) detector with a resolution of 160 eV at 5.9 keV. It was observed that the measured values are getting closer to the theoretical values with increasing excitation energy. Values obtained were compared with the theoretical ones for pure elements.

Variation of K X-ray fluorescence cross-sections of Fe in F compounds at an energy interval of 7.6–14.4 keV

Abstract The photon-induced K X-ray fluorescence cross-sections (σ K α , σ K β ) for Fe in F compounds were investigated. Measurements were carried out at 10 different energies in the interval of 7.6–14.4 keV by using a secondary excitation method. K X-rays emitted by samples were counted by a Si(Li) detector with a resolution of 160 eV at 5.9 keV. Obtained values were compared with the theoretical values of pure elements.

Variation of K X-ray fluorescence cross-sections of Ti, V and Cr in halogens compounds in energy interval 5.5–12.1 keV

Abstract The photon-induced K X-ray fluorescence cross-sections (σKα,σKβ) for Ti, V and Cr in halogens (F and Cl) compounds were investigated. Measurements were carried out at 10 different energies in the interval 5.5– 12.1 keV by using secondary excitation method. K X-rays emitted by samples were counted by a Si(Li) detector with resolution 160 eV at 5.9 keV . Obtained values were compared with the theoretical values of pure elements.

L X-ray intensity ratios of some elements in the region of 56≤Z≤83

L X-ray intensity ratios of Ba, La, Ce, Gd, Er, Yb, Ta, Au, Hg, Pb, Bi have been measured. The L shell elctrons are excited by 59.5 keV gamma-rays from 241 Am and the L X-rays from samples are measured with a Si(Li) detector. The experimental values are compared with the theoretical values of the pure elements.

Determination of the Sample Thicknesses by Intensity Ratio Measurement by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

Abstract A procedure for the determination of the thickness of Au and Ag films and foils coated on a metallic Cu foil (substrate) is described. The procedure is based on the measurements of the fluorescence intensity ratios for two lines from the substrate element, excited by 59.5 keV photons emitted from a filtered Am-241 radioisotope source. The result of the procedure yielded between 0.039×10−5 and 4.3322×10−5 g/cm2 for Au and between 0.0394×10−5 and 5.8364×10−5 g/cm2 for Ag. These are tested by gravimetric measurements. The proposed procedure can also be employed to determine the density of the covering material or the incoming and outgoing angles of the radiation if the film thickness is known.

Measurement of L shell X-ray fluorescence intensity ratios for some elements in the atomic number range of 66≤Z≤90 by photoionization of consecutive L-subshells

The experimental measurements of Lα/Lβ, Lα/Lγ, Lα/Lι, Lι/Lβ, Lι/Lγ, Lβ/Lγ intensity ratios were determined for three different cases. In case 1, the excitation energy (E) is less than the binding energy of the L2 subshell but sufficient to excite the L3 subshell. In case 2, E is less than the binding energy of the L1 subshell but sufficient to excite the L2 subshell. In case 3, E is less than the binding energy of the K shell but sufficient to excite the L1 subshell. The applied method relies on photoionization of consecutive subshells and detection of the resolved fluorescence. The relative intensities in 8 different elements with atomic number ranging from 66-90 at 15 different excitation energies in the interval 8.265-21.705 keV have been measured.