Eren Isman

In-vitro assessment of temperature rise in the pulp during orthodontic bonding.

INTRODUCTION In this in-vitro study, we evaluated the temperature changes in the pulp chamber during bracket bonding using 4 different light sources. METHODS Eighty intact extracted maxillary central incisors were used. The teeth were divided into 4 groups of 20 teeth each. Brackets (Mini Twin, Dentaurum, Ispringen, Germany) were bonded with Transbond XT (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) adhesive and light cured with low-intensity halogen light for 40 seconds, high-intensity halogen light for 40 seconds, light-emitting diode (LED) light for 20 seconds, and plasma arc light (PAC) for 6 seconds. Light curing was performed 5 mm from tooth surfaces. A J-type thermocouple wire was positioned in the center of the pulp chamber. The results were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey HSD test. RESULTS ANOVA and the Tukey HSD test showed that pulp chamber temperature changes were influenced by the type of light source. All groups showed significant differences between each other (P <0.001). The intrapulpal temperature changes induced by different light sources were the following: high-intensity halogen (6.84 degrees C +/- 2.44 degrees C), low-intensity halogen (4.71 degrees C +/- 0.96 degrees C), LED (2.95 degrees C +/- 1.12 degrees C), and PAC (0.96 degrees C +/- 0.83 degrees C). CONCLUSIONS High- and low-intensity halogen light induced significantly higher intrapulpal temperature changes than did the LED and PAC. Except for the high intensity halogen light, orthodontic bonding with light-curing units did not exceed the critical 5.5 degrees C rise in temperature reported to produce pulpal damage.

Multiple tooth anomalies in a nonsyndromic patient with class II division 2 malocclusions: A case report and a literature review

Reports in the literature about the craniofacial characteristics of patients with class II division 2 malocclusions show a lot of different patterns accompanied by palatally displaced upper incisors, congenital missing teeth, polydiastema, fusion, germination, tooth impaction, peg-shaped lateral incisors, persistent teeth, hypodontia, persistent deciduous teeth, transpositions, and supernumerary teeth. The following case report focuses on the description of the clinical characteristics observed on a patient with a very unusual conjunction of dental and skeletal anomalies mentioned above, as well as a literature review on the related issues. Extra-intra-oral examinations, radiographic evaluations, orthodontic consultation, and reviewing the literature concluded that this nonsyndromic patient that refused to receive all dental treatment approaches is special with its uniqueness.

Effects of Edentulism on Mandibular Morphology: Evaluation of Panoramic Radiographs

Purpose. The objective of this study was to evaluate morphological changes of the mandible in edentulous and dentate subjects using panoramic radiographs. Materials and Methods. Panoramic radiographs were divided into the following three groups: Group I (completely edentulous group), Group II (old dentate group) and Group III (young dentate group). The research parameters of gonial angle, condylar height, ramus height, ramus notch depth, and antegonial notch depth were measured on panoramic radiographs. The Kruskal-Wallis statistical test was used to determine significant differences in mandibular morphological parameters among the three groups. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the subgroups. Results. Significant differences were found only in ramus height between three groups. According to the Mann-Whitney U test, a significant difference was exhibited among Groups I and II in the ramus height parameter. No significant differences were found in the gonial angle, condylar height, ramus notch depth, or antegonial notch depth when comparing the young dentate, old dentate, and completely edentulous subjects. Conclusions. Significant differences were found only in ramus height between the groups. Ramus height may be an indicator that changed by years and tooth loss. It must be considered that ramus height can be decreased in edentulism.

Temperature changes of pulp chamber during in vitro laser welding of orthodontic attachments.

The use of lasers has been suggested for orthodontists to fabricate or repair orthodontic appliances by welding metals directly in the mouth. This work aimed to evaluate the temperature changes in the pulp chamber during welding of an orthodontic wire to an orthodontic molar band using Nd : YAG laser in vitro. A freshly extracted human third molar with eliminated pulpal tissues was used. J-type thermocouple wire was positioned in the pulp chamber. A conductor gel was used in the transferring of outside temperature changes to the thermocouple wire. An orthodontic band was applied to the molar tooth and bonded using light cured orthodontic cement. Twenty five mm length of 0.6 mm diameter orthodontic stainless steel wires was welded to the orthodontic band using Nd : YAG laser operated at 9.4 watt. Temperature variation was determined as the change from baseline temperature to the highest temperature was recorded during welding. The recorded temperature changes were between 1.8 and 6.8°C (mean: 3.3 ± 1.1°C). The reported critical 5.5°C level was exceeded in only one sample. The results of this study suggest that intraoral use of lasers holds great potential for the future of orthodontics and does not present a thermal risk. Further studies with larger samples and structural analysis are required.

Yeni doğan dudak damak yarıklı bebeklerin alçı modellerinin değerlendirilmesi

Amac: Dudak ve damak yariklari bas-boyun bolgesinin sik gorulen konjenital malformasyonlari arasindadir. Bu calismada Gaziantep Universitesi Dis Hekimligi Fakultesi Ortodonti Anabilim Dali’nda tedavi edilen dudak damak yarikli hastalarinin cinsiyet, yas, yarik tipi, anterior yarik genisligi, midpalatal ve posterior palatal genisliklerine gore degerlendirilmesi amaclanmistir. Gerec ve Yontemler: Calismada klinigimize gelen 39 dudak damak yarikli hastanin kayitlari kullanildi ve yas, cinsiyet, yarik tipleri degerlendirildi. Analiz icin alci modeller uzerinde olcumler yapildi. Kullanilan referans noktalari; c, c’ noktalari (kaninler bolgesi), t, t’ noktalari (tuber noktalari), g, g’ noktalari (c ve t noktalari arasi mesafenin orta noktasi) olarak belirlendi. Bulgular: Calismaya dâhil edilen bireylerin %24u (n=9) cift tarafli dudak damak yarikli, %20si (n=8) izole damak yarikli, %56si (n=22) tek tarafli dudak damak yarikli idi. Cift tarafli dudak damak yarikli bireylerin yas ortalamasi 24.33±24.69 gun, izole damak yarikli bireylerin yas ortalamasi 68.37±58.04 gun, tek tarafli dudak damak yarikli bireylerin yas ortalamasi ise 31±30.11 gundu. Cift tarafli dudak damak yarikli bireylerin %66.7si (n=6) erkekti. Grubun anterior yarik genisligi ortalama olarak 13.23±3.06, midpalatal genisligi 32.67±3.58, postpalatal genisligi 29.25±2.78 mm idi. Izole damak yarikli bireylerin %37.5’i (3kisi) erkekti. Grubun anterior yarik genisligi bulunmamaktaydi. Midpalatal yarik genisligi 30.71±2.11, postpalatal genisligi 27.17±2.42 mm idi. Unilateral yarikli bireylerin %54.5i (12kisi) erkekti. Grubun anterior yarik genisligi 10.14±3.12, midpalatal genislik 35.74±3.05, postpalatal genislik ise 31.35±3.22 mm idi. Sonuc: Tek ve cift tarafli dudak damak yariklari erkeklerde, izole damak yariklari ise kizlarda daha cok goruldu. Anterior yarik genisligi miktari cift tarafli dudak damak yarikli grupta tek tarafli dudak damak yarikli gruptan daha fazla oldugu goruldu. Ancak midpalatal genisligin ve posterior palatal genisligin tek tarafli dudak damak yarikli bireylerde daha fazla oldugu goruldu. Klinigimize en erken basvuran grubun cift tarafli dudak damak yarikli bireyler, en gec basvuran grubun ise izole damak yarikli bireyler oldugu tespit edildi. Klinigimize basvuran, gerek Hotz plagi gerek nazal molding aygitlariyla tedavilerine baslanan hastalarin uzun donem takiplerinin yapilarak baslangic degerleriyle karsilastirilmasi dusunuldu.

PAX9 Polymorphisms and susceptibility with sporadic tooth agenesis in Turkish populations: a case-control study

BackgroundHypodontia, the congenital absence of one or a few teeth is one of the most common alterations of the human dentition. Familial hypodontia is caused by mutations in PAX9, Msx1 and Axin2 genes. Limited numbers of studies are present to show etiological factors beyond this anomaly in Turkish community belonging to Caucasian racial family. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between the two different single nucleotide polymorphisms that are G-1031A and T-912C with hypodontia in Caucasians.200 individuals having hypodontia and 114 normal individuals having all 32 teeth present were selected for the study. Blood samples were collected from each individual and DNA was extracted. To determine the polymorphisms, PCR-RFLP method was used.ResultsThe outcomes suggest that the individuals having AC haplotype carry less risk in having hypodontia compared with the rest of the haplotype groups (OR = 3.88; CI = 95%; p = 0.001). The ratio of GT haplotype is less in the hypodontia group meaning that the GT carriers are in risk group in terms of hypodontia risk.ConclusionThese results indicate that polymorphisms in the promoter region of PAX9 gene may have an influence on the transcriptional factors and activity of this gene and are associated with hypodontia in Caucasian individuals.

Evaluation of condylar structures on panoramic radiographs in adolescent patients with celiac disease

BACKGROUND Coeliac disease (CD) is a common disorder that usually originates from calcium malabsorption. Thus, it is accepted that patients with CD have lo- wer bone mineral density than that of healthy individuals. The aim of this study was to assess condylar height, width, area, and perimeter on digital panoramic radiographs in patients with CD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Panoramic radiographs obtained from 44 patients with CD were age- and sex-matched with 44 Class 1 (ANB: 2 ± 2°) patients, and out- comes were analysed. Radiographs were digitised using Image J software, and condylar height, width, area, and perimeter were compared. RESULTS Condylar area (3.66 ± 1.02 cm2), perimeter (9.29 ± 1.38 cm), and height (2.69 ± 0.46 cm) values were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the control group than those in the patient group (area: 2.52 ± 0.63 cm2, perimeter: 8.47 ± 1.42 cm, height: 2.51 ± 0.37 cm), whereas width (coeliac: 2.83 ± 0.63 cm, control: 3.00 ± 0.59 cm) did not differ between the groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These outcomes may be due to the low bone density of patients with CD. A controlled trial conducted using a larger sample is needed to support and extend these data.

Effects of two metal primers on the shear bond strength of orthodontic molar tubes bonded to silver amalgam restorations of different dimensions

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic molar tubes bonded to amalgam restorations and enamel with four different area ratios, with and without the use of various metal primers. One hundred and fifty-six sound lower first molars were divided into five groups; control group (CG;n = 12) then divided into three subgroups: A, B, and C. Class V buccal amalgam restorations consisting of 25%(G1), 50%(G2), 75%(G3), and 100%(G4) of the basal areas of the molar tubes. Transbond XT Primer (TXTP;subgroup A), Alloy Primer (AP;subgroup B) and Reliance Metal Primer (RMP;subgroup C) (n = 12). Transbond XT was used as an adhesive material in all groups. Thermocycling was as 5 –55 °C, 1000 cycles. Data were analysed by one-way ANOVA and post hoc least significant difference tests (p < 0.05). Bond failure sites were classified using a modified Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) system. SBS did not differ significantly among the three intermediate adhesives in subgroups of groups 1, 2, or 3 (p > 0.05); however, SBS was significantly higher in groups 4B and 4C than in group 4A (p < 0.05). Mean SBSs of groups 1 and 2 were significantly higher than others (p < 0.05). Mean SBS of group 3 was higher than that of group 4, but lower than that of the other groups. For ARI, significant relationships between CG and the intermediate adhesive groups were found (p < 0.05). Application of metal primers, such as AP or RMP, to sandblasted amalgam adjacent to etched enamel (25, 50, and 75%) did not improve bond strength significantly compared with the application of TXTP to amalgam and enamel.