Ergin Ahmed

Experimental investigation of the Rb-85(2) a (3)Sigma(+)(u) triplet ground state: Multiparameter Morse long range potential analysis

Using perturbation facilitated infrared-infrared double resonance excitation of the (85)Rb(2) molecule, we have observed spectrally resolved fluorescence to the a (3)Sigma(u)(+) state. We have analyzed the rovibrational energy level structure of the (85)Rb(2) a (3)Sigma(u)(+) state and derived a multiparameter Morse Long Range (MLR) potential and molecular constants for this state, which can be used to predict term values without needing to solve the radial Schrödinger equation.

New spectroscopic data, spin-orbit functions, and global analysis of data on the AΣu+1 and bΠu3 states of Na2

The lowest electronically excited states of Na2 are of interest as intermediaries in the excitation of higher states and in the development of methods for producing cold molecules. We have compiled previously obtained spectroscopic data on the AΣu+1 and bΠu3 states of Na2 from about 20 sources, both published and unpublished, together with new sub-Doppler linewidth measurements of about 15 000 A←X transitions using polarization spectroscopy. We also present new ab initio results for the diagonal and off-diagonal spin-orbit functions. The discrete variable representation is used in conjunction with Hund’s case a potentials plus spin-orbit effects to model data extending from v=0 to very close to the 3S2+3P1∕22 limit. Empirical estimates of the spin-orbit functions agree well with the ab initio functions for the accessible values of R. The potential function for the A state includes an exchange potential for S+P atoms, with a fitted coefficient somewhat larger than the predicted value. Observed and calculat...

Measurement of the electronic transition dipole moment by Autler-Townes splitting: Comparison of three- and four-level excitation schemes for the Na2AΣu+1−XΣg+1 system

We present a fundamentally new approach for measuring the transition dipole moment of molecular transitions, which combines the benefits of quantum interference effects, such as the Autler-Townes splitting, with the familiar R-centroid approximation. This method is superior to other experimental methods for determining the absolute value of the R-dependent electronic transition dipole moment function μe(R), since it requires only an accurate measurement of the coupling laser electric field amplitude and the determination of the Rabi frequency from an Autler-Townes split fluorescence spectral line. We illustrate this method by measuring the transition dipole moment matrix element for the Na2AΣu+1(v′=25,J′=20e)-XΣg+1(v″=38,J″=21e) rovibronic transition and compare our experimental results with our ab initio calculations. We have compared the three-level (cascade) and four-level (extended Λ) excitation schemes and found that the latter is preferable in this case for two reasons. First, this excitation scheme...

Updated potential energy function of the Rb2 a3Σu+ state in the attractive and repulsive regions determined from its joint analysis with the 23Π0g state

We report new experimental data for the Rb2 a(3)Σu(+) and 2(3)Π0g states obtained using the Perturbation Facilitated Infrared-Infrared Double Resonance (PFIIDR) technique. The results include ro-vibrational term values of the 2(3)Π0g state and resolved fluorescence spectra of the 2(3)Π0g→a(3)Σu(+) transitions for a wide range of rotational and vibrational quantum numbers. An analysis of these data confirms the initial assignment of the transitions to the a(3)Σu(+) state reported in our earlier work [B. Beser, V. B. Sovkov, J. Bai, E. H. Ahmed, C. C. Tsai, F. Xie, L. Li, V. S. Ivanov, and A. M. Lyyra, J. Chem. Phys. 131, 094505 (2009)]. The potential energy functions of the Rb2 a(3)Σu(+) and 2(3)Π0g states are derived from a simultaneous fit of the available experimental data. The improved potential function of the Rb2 a(3)Σu(+) state spans both the attractive and repulsive regions starting with internuclear distance R ∼ 4.5 Å.

Electromagnetically induced transparency in an open V-type molecular system

We report the experimental observation of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in an inhomogeneously broadened V-type Na2 molecular system. The experiment is performed with both co- and counterpropagating arrangements for the propagation directions of the coupling and probe laser beams. In our theoretical model we employ the density matrix formalism, as well as perturbative methods for obtaining the probe field absorption profile for both open and closed systems. Simulations of the experimental data show excellent agreement with the predictions derived from the basic theory. Our fluorescent intensity measurements show that, in the copropagating configuration, the EIT plus saturation window depth is about 95%, while under similar conditions in the counterpropagating geometry we observed 40%‐45% reduction in the fluorescence signal around the line center. To separate the two simultaneously occurring mechanisms in a V-type system (i.e., EIT and saturation) that are induced by the coupling field, we have carried out theoretical calculations which show that, in the copropagating case, a significant fraction of the depth of the dip is due to the coherent effect of EIT. When the coupling and probe beams are in the counterpropagating configuration, the dip is mostly due to saturation effects alone.

The K239 2Σg+3 state: Observation and analysis

The K239 2Σg+3 state has been observed by perturbation-facilitated infrared-infrared double resonance spectroscopy and two-photon excitation. Resolved fluorescence spectra into the aΣu+3 state have been recorded. The observed vibrational levels have been assigned as the v=23–25, 27, 28, 31–33, 38–45, 47, and 53 levels by comparing the observed and calculated spectra of the 2Σg+3→aΣu+3 transitions. Molecular constants have been obtained using a global fitting procedure with a comprehensive set of experimental data. Fine and hyperfine splittings have been resolved in the excitation spectra. Perturbations between the 2Σg+3 and 2Πg3 states were observed. The hyperfine patterns of the 2Σg+3 levels are strongly affected by the perturbation. The perturbation-free and weakly perturbed levels follow the case bβS coupling scheme, while the perturbed levels follow case bβJ coupling. A Fermi contact constant, bF=65±10MHz, has been obtained. Intensity anomalies of rotational lines appeared both in the 2Σg+3∼2Πg3←bΠu3 ...

Comparison of Autler–Townes splitting based absolute measurements of the L7i2 A Σ1u+−X Σ1g+ electronic transition dipole moment with ab initio theory

We report a comparison between experimental and theoretical electronic transition dipole moment values for the (7)Li(2) A (1)Sigma(u) (+)-X (1)Sigma(g) (+) system. The experimental results are based on measuring the absolute magnitude of the transition dipole matrix elements from Autler-Townes splitting of rovibrational transitions for different R-centroid values. The ab initio theoretical calculations of the transition dipole moment for the (7)Li(2) A (1)Sigma(u) (+)-X (1)Sigma(g) (+) system were performed using two different quantum-mechanical models: an all-electron valence bond self-consistent-field method and a pseudopotential molecular orbital method. As expected for the smallest molecule with core electrons, the agreement between experiment and theory is very good.

Observations and analysis with the spline-based Rydberg–Klein–Rees approach for the 31Σg+ state of Rb2

Ro-vibrational term values of the 3(1)Σg (+) state of (85,85)Rb2 and (85,87)Rb2 and resolved fluorescence spectra to the A(1)Σu (+) state are recorded following optical-optical double resonance excitation. The experimental data are heavily perturbed, and as a result, the standard analysis based on Dunham series representation of the energy levels fails. The analysis is done via modeling the adiabatic potential function with the Rydberg-Klein-Rees potential constructed from the generalized smoothing spline interpolation of the vibrational energies Gv and rotational constants Bv.

Electronic transition dipole moment and radiative lifetime calculations of sodium dimer ion-pair states

We report here ab initio calculated electronic transition dipole moments for the sodium dimer ion pair states of (1)Σg (+) symmetry. They vary strongly as a function of internuclear distance because of the effect of the Na(+) + Na(-) ion pair potential, which also causes the formation of additional wells and shoulders in the molecular potential energy curves. We also present a computational study of the transition dipole moment matrix elements and lifetimes for these ion-pair states.

Collisional Line Assignments and Hyperfine Structure Interpretation in Cs2 23Δ1g State

Accurately known energy level structure of the Cs2 A1Σu+−b3Πu complex of states from a recent global de‐perturbation of these states has enabled additional assignments of 140 perturbation facilitated infrared‐infrared double resonance (PFIIDR) transitions to the 23Δ1g state from collisionally populated intermediate A1Σu+ levels. Together with the 221 previously observed 23Δ1g←A1Σu+←X1Σg+ double resonance lines [J. Chem. Phys. 128, 204313 (2008)], molecular constants and the Rydberg‐Klein‐Rees potential energy curve of the 23Δ1g state have been recalculated (excluding 54 perturbed levels). The centrifugal distortion constant has been determined and agrees well with the value calculated based on standard empirical formulas. The hyperfine structure of the 23Δg state, which has not resolved in our sub‐Doppler excitation spectra of the 23Δ1g state, has been interpreted with a preliminary simulation.