Eric Q. Wu

The Economic Burden of Schizophrenia in the United States in 2013.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to estimate the US societal economic burden of schizophrenia and update the 2002 reported costs of

Effects of Adalimumab Therapy on Incidence of Hospitalization and Surgery in Crohn's Disease: Results From the CHARM Study

62.7 billion given the disease management and health care structural changes of the last decade. METHODS A prevalence-based approach was used to assess direct health care costs, direct non-health care costs, and indirect costs associated with schizophrenia (ICD-9 codes 295.xx) for 2013, with cost adjustments where necessary. Direct health care costs were estimated using a retrospective matched cohort design using the Truven Health Analytics MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters, Medicare Supplemental, and Medicaid Multistate databases. Direct non-health care costs were estimated for law enforcement, homeless shelters, and research and training. Indirect costs were estimated for productivity loss from unemployment, reduced work productivity among the employed, premature mortality (ie, suicide), and caregiving. RESULTS The economic burden of schizophrenia was estimated at

The Prevalence and Correlates of Nonaffective Psychosis in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R)

155.7 billion (

The costs of Crohn's disease in the United States and other Western countries: a systematic review

134.4 billion-

Patient-Reported Health Status in Coronary Heart Disease in the United States Age, Sex, Racial, and Ethnic Differences

174.3 billion based on sensitivity analyses) for 2013 and included excess direct health care costs of

Healthcare resource utilization and costs associated with non-adherence to imatinib treatment in chronic myeloid leukemia patients

37.7 billion (24%), direct non-health care costs of

Annual Costs Associated With Diagnosis of Uterine Leiomyomata

9.3 billion (6%), and indirect costs of

Economic burden and co‐morbidities of atrial fibrillation in a privately insured population

117.3 billion (76%) compared to individuals without schizophrenia. The largest components were excess costs associated with unemployment (38%), productivity loss due to caregiving (34%), and direct health care costs (24%). CONCLUSIONS Schizophrenia is associated with a significant economic burden where, in addition to direct health care costs, indirect and non-health care costs are strong contributors, suggesting that therapies should aim at improving not only symptom control but also cognition and functional performance, which are associated with substantial non-health care and indirect costs.

Impact of Stroke on Health-Related Quality of Life in the Noninstitutionalized Population in the United States

BACKGROUND & AIMS We determined the effects of adalimumab maintenance treatment on the risks of hospitalization and surgery in Crohns disease (CD). METHODS A total of 778 patients with CD were randomized to placebo, adalimumab 40 mg every other week or adalimumab 40 mg weekly, all after an 80-mg/40-mg adalimumab induction regimen. All-cause and CD-related hospitalizations and major CD-related surgeries were compared between the placebo and adalimumab groups (every other week, weekly, and both combined) using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS Both 3- and 12-month hospitalization risks were significantly lower for patients who received adalimumab. Hazard ratios for all-cause hospitalization were 0.45, 0.36, and 0.40 for the adalimumab every other week, weekly, and combined groups, respectively (all P < .01 vs placebo). Hazard ratios for CD-related hospitalization were 0.50, 0.34, and 0.42, respectively (all P < .05). Cox model estimates demonstrated adalimumab every other week and weekly maintenance therapies were associated with 52% and 60% relative reductions in 12-month, all-cause hospitalization risk, and 48% and 64% reductions in 12-month risk of CD-related hospitalization. The combined adalimumab group was associated with 56% reductions in both all-cause and CD-related hospitalization risks. Fewer CD-related surgeries occurred in the adalimumab every other week, weekly, and combined groups compared with placebo (0.4, 0.8, and 0.6 vs 3.8 per 100 patients; all P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Patients with moderate-to-severe CD treated with adalimumab had lower 1-year risks of hospitalization and surgery than placebo patients.

Systematic review: the costs of ulcerative colitis in Western countries

BACKGROUND To estimate the prevalence and correlates of clinician-diagnosed DSM-IV nonaffective psychosis (NAP) in a national household survey. METHODS Data came from the United States National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). A screen for NAP was followed by blinded sub-sample clinical reappraisal interviews. Logistic regression was used to impute clinical diagnoses to respondents who were not re-interviewed. The method of Multiple Imputation (MI) was used to estimate prevalence and correlates. RESULTS Clinician-diagnosed NAP was well predicted by the screen (area under the curve [AUC] = .80). The MI prevalence estimate of NAP (standard error in parentheses) is 5.0 (2.6) per 1000 population lifetime and 3.0 (2.2) per 1000 past 12 months. The vast majority (79.4%) of lifetime and 12-month (63.7%) cases met criteria for other DSM-IV hierarchy-free disorders. Fifty-eight percent of 12-month cases were in treatment, most in the mental health specialty sector. CONCLUSIONS The screen for NAP in the NCS-R greatly improved on previous epidemiological surveys in reducing false positives, but coding of open-ended screening scale responses was still needed to achieve accurate prediction. The lower prevalence estimate than in total-population incidence studies raises concerns that systematic nonresponse bias causes downward bias in survey prevalence estimates of NAP.