Érika Mata

Cost-Effectiveness of Retrofitting Swedish Buildings

This chapter presents potentials for energy conservation through energy retrofitting of existing Swedish buildings, including residential and nonresidential buildings. The Swedish building stock is described with 1800 representative buildings, in a combination of sample and archetype buildings, and is modeled with a dynamic and detailed building-stock model. Ten individual energy conservation measures and 6 packages of measures are considered. The chapter also presents how the cost-effectiveness of the measures depends on energy prices, discount rates, and the assumed investment costs for the different measures. The results are presented and discussed separately for residential buildings, divided into single-family dwellings and multifamily dwellings, and nonresidential buildings.

Stakeholder Specific Multi-Scale Spatial Representation of Urban Building-Stocks

Urban building-stocks use a significant amount of resources and energy. At the same time, they have a large potential for energy efficiency measures (EEM). To support decision-making and planning, spatial building-stock models are used to examine the current state and future development of urban building-stocks. While these models normally focus on specific cities, generic and broad stakeholder groups such as planners and policy makers are often targeted. Consequently, the visualization and communication of results are not tailored to these stakeholders. The aim of this paper is to explore the possibilities of mapping and representing energy use of urban building-stocks at different levels of aggregation and spatial distributions, to communicate with specific stakeholders involved in the urban development process. This paper uses a differentiated building-stock description based on building-specific data and measured energy use from energy performance certificates for multi-family buildings (MFB) in the city of Gothenburg. The building-stock description treats every building as unique, allowing results to be provided at any level of aggregation to suit the needs of the specific stakeholders involved. Calculated energy use of the existing stock is within 10% of the measured energy use. The potential for EEM in the existing stock is negated by the increased energy use due to new construction until 2035, using a development scenario based on current renovation rates and planned developments. Visualizations of the current energy use of the stock as well as the impact of renovation and new construction are provided, targeting specific local stakeholders.