Ernani Menezes Marchioro

Avaliação das tensões liberadas por elásticos ortodônticos em cadeia: estudo in vitro

INTRODUCTION: Elastomeric materials are considered important sources of orthodontic forces. OBJECTIVE: To assess force degradation over time of four commercially available orthodontic elastomeric chains (Morelli, Ormco, TP and Unitek). METHODS: The synthetic elastics were submerged in 37 oC synthetic saliva and stretched by a force of 150 g (15 mm - Morelli and TP; 16mm - Unitek and Ormco). With a dynamometer, the delivered force was evaluated at different intervals: 30 minutes, 7 days, 14 days and 21 days. The results were subjected to ANOVA and Tukeys test. RESULTS: There was a force decay between 19% to 26.67% after 30 minutes, and 36.67% to 57% after 21 days of activation. CONCLUSIONS: TP elastomeric chains exhibited the smallest percentage of force decay, with greater stability at all time intervals tested. Meanwhile, the Unitek chains displayed the highest percentage of force degradation, and no statically significant difference was found in force decay between Ormco and Morelli elastomeric chains during the study period.

Effect of light-curing units in shear bond strength of metallic brackets: an in vitro study

Objective To determine the influence of the light curing units on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Material and Methods Seventy-two premolars were divided into six groups (n=12): Group I: brackets bonded with Transbond and polymerization with halogen light; Group II: Transbond and LED; Group III: Fuji Ortho and halogen light; Group IV: Fuji Ortho and LED; Group V: Fuji Ortho, without acid and halogen light; Group VI: Fuji Ortho, without acid and LED. The groups were tested to shear strength in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Results The composite resin presented higher shear bond strength than the resin-modified glass ionomer cement (p<0.05). The halogen light and LED sources produced similar shear bond strength (p>0.05). Conclusion The shear bond strength was influenced by the material but not by the light-curing unit. The use of LED reduced the experimental time by approximately 60%, with the same curing efficiency.

Enamel surface evaluation after bracket debonding and different resin removal methods

OBJECTIVE: To assess enamel surface under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after resin removal and enamel polishing procedures following brackets debonding, as well as compare the time required for these procedures. METHODS: A total of 180 deciduous bovine incisors were used. The enamel surface of each tooth was prepared and brackets were bonded with light cured Transbond XT composite resin. Brackets were removed in a testing machine. The samples were randomized and equally distributed into nine groups according to the resin removal and polishing technique: Group 1, 30-blade tungsten carbide bur in high speed; Group 2, 30-blade tungsten carbide bur in high speed followed by a sequence of 4 Sof-lex polishing discs (3M); Group 3, 30-blade tungsten carbide bur in high speed followed by Enhance tips (Dentsply). All groups were subdivided into (a) unpolished; (b) polished with aluminum oxide paste; and (c) polished with water slurry of fine pumice. Subsequently, the enamel surface was assessed and statistical analysis was carried out. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in enamel roughness and removal time among all groups. Groups 3a, 3b and 3c appeared to be the most efficient methods of removing resin with low damages to enamel. Groups 2a, 2b and 2c were the most time consuming procedures, and Group 2a caused more damages to enamel. CONCLUSION: The suggested protocol for resin removal is the 30-blade tungsten carbide bur in high speed followed by Enhance tips and polishing with aluminum oxide paste. This procedure seems to produce less damages and is less time consuming.

Estudo cefalométrico do tratamento precoce da má oclusão de Classe II, 1ª divisão, com o aparelho Herbst: alterações esqueléticas sagitais

AIM: the present study aimed at evaluating the sagittal skeletal alterations after Herbst appliance treatment. METHODS: the sample was comprised by in 22 subjects with Class II division 1 malocclusion, being 11 males and 11 females, with a mean age of 9.01 years (±06 months), who presented Class II facial pattern, mandibular deficiency and Class II skeletal pattern (ANB>5o and Co-Gn - Co-Sn <20mm) and were consecutively treated with the Herbst appliance for a mean period of 12 months. All subjects were on the intermediate period of the mixed dentition and on the pre-pubertal stage. Evaluation was performed on lateral cephalograms taken in three different moments: T1) initial, T2) soon after removal of the appliance, T3) 2 years after treatment completion. The control group was composed by 105 subjects with skeletal Class II malocclusion not submitted to orthodontic treatment, matched as to the bone and chronological ages of the study group. Statistical analysis was performed by means of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), complemented by the Tukey test for multiple comparisons and the Students t test, at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: the results revealed an not significant effect of restriction of the maxillary growth, stimulation of the mandibular growth and forward positioning of the mandible, which contributed to a significant improvement in the jaw relationship. These sagittal skeletal alterations accounted for about 41% of the correction of the Class II molar relationship and 65% of the overjet correction. At 2 years after removal of the appliance there was a tendency towards a reduction in the magnitude of the alterations achieved; however, significant improvements in the jaw relationship, overjet and molar relationship were noticeable.

Comparative study of linear and angular measures of the cranial base in skeletal Class I and III malocclusion

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of flexion and linear measures of the cranial base on the anteroposterior position of the jaws in skeletal Class III malocclusion compared with skeletal Class I. METHODS: One hundred-twenty lateral radiographs were divided in two groups: Group 1 - 60 radiographs of individuals with a Class I skeletal pattern; and Group 2 - 60 radiographs of individuals with a skeletal Class III pattern. The radiographs were of adult Caucasian individuals with no previous orthodontic treatment. Data were analyzed by using ANOVA. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the cranial base angle (NSBa) and anterior cranial base length (S-N) between the two groups. Group 2 had the lowest values for NSBa and S-N. The analysis of cranial base complementary angles (NSGn and BaSGn) revealed a significant statistical difference in NSGn: Group 2 had lower NSGn values, which indicates a more anterior position of the gnathion. Variations of the cranial base angle and the Y axis were inversely correlated with variations of SNA and SNB angles, and the differences were statistically significant for the two groups. CONCLUSION: This study supports previous findings that the cranial base flexion contributes to skeletal configuration in Class III skeletal patterns. Therefore, the cranial base should be evaluated for growth predictions and Class III diagnosis. The effect of the cranial base on the positioning of the jaws should be further assessed.

Influence of plasma arc and quartz-tungsten-halogen curing lights on the polymerization of orthodontic composite resin

Purpose: To analyze, in vitro, the influence of a quartz-tungsten-halogen (QTH) and a plasma arc (PAC) on the degree of conversion and hardness of a composite resin, as well as the heat generated by the units. Methods: Transbond XT disks were prepared and light-cured for 10, 20 and 30 seconds with a QTH (Curing Light XL 3000) or with a PAC (Apollo 95E) for 1, 2 and 3 seconds. The composite resin polymerization was evaluated by infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) and Knoop hardness number (KHN). The temperature at the curing tip was evaluated. The results were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey test (α=0.05). Results: According to FTIR and KHN, the polymerization of the composite resin was statistically higher with the QTH. The temperature obtained with the QTH 20 s (45.44oC) and 30 s (45.84oC) was statistically higher than the QTH 10 s (39.90oC). The PAC 1 s (27.12oC), 2 s (28.48oC) and 3 s (29.96oC) presented the lowest temperature and did not differ statistically among them. Conclusion: Transbond XT light-activated for 10, 20 and 30 seconds with the QTH presented higher degree of conversion and hardness in comparison with those obtained with the PAC for 1, 2 and 3 seconds, and the QTH generated more heat than the PAC.