Luciane Hahn

Avaliação das tensões liberadas por elásticos ortodônticos em cadeia: estudo in vitro

INTRODUCTION: Elastomeric materials are considered important sources of orthodontic forces. OBJECTIVE: To assess force degradation over time of four commercially available orthodontic elastomeric chains (Morelli, Ormco, TP and Unitek). METHODS: The synthetic elastics were submerged in 37 oC synthetic saliva and stretched by a force of 150 g (15 mm - Morelli and TP; 16mm - Unitek and Ormco). With a dynamometer, the delivered force was evaluated at different intervals: 30 minutes, 7 days, 14 days and 21 days. The results were subjected to ANOVA and Tukeys test. RESULTS: There was a force decay between 19% to 26.67% after 30 minutes, and 36.67% to 57% after 21 days of activation. CONCLUSIONS: TP elastomeric chains exhibited the smallest percentage of force decay, with greater stability at all time intervals tested. Meanwhile, the Unitek chains displayed the highest percentage of force degradation, and no statically significant difference was found in force decay between Ormco and Morelli elastomeric chains during the study period.

Enamel surface evaluation after bracket debonding and different resin removal methods

OBJECTIVE: To assess enamel surface under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after resin removal and enamel polishing procedures following brackets debonding, as well as compare the time required for these procedures. METHODS: A total of 180 deciduous bovine incisors were used. The enamel surface of each tooth was prepared and brackets were bonded with light cured Transbond XT composite resin. Brackets were removed in a testing machine. The samples were randomized and equally distributed into nine groups according to the resin removal and polishing technique: Group 1, 30-blade tungsten carbide bur in high speed; Group 2, 30-blade tungsten carbide bur in high speed followed by a sequence of 4 Sof-lex polishing discs (3M); Group 3, 30-blade tungsten carbide bur in high speed followed by Enhance tips (Dentsply). All groups were subdivided into (a) unpolished; (b) polished with aluminum oxide paste; and (c) polished with water slurry of fine pumice. Subsequently, the enamel surface was assessed and statistical analysis was carried out. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in enamel roughness and removal time among all groups. Groups 3a, 3b and 3c appeared to be the most efficient methods of removing resin with low damages to enamel. Groups 2a, 2b and 2c were the most time consuming procedures, and Group 2a caused more damages to enamel. CONCLUSION: The suggested protocol for resin removal is the 30-blade tungsten carbide bur in high speed followed by Enhance tips and polishing with aluminum oxide paste. This procedure seems to produce less damages and is less time consuming.

A influência do jateamento na cimentação de bandas ortodônticas

AIM: to compare the shear-peel bond strength of five orthodontic cements: a conventional glass ionomer cement (Ketac Cem), two resin-modified glass ionomer cements (3M Multicure Glass Ionomer and Fuji Ortho LC) and two polyacid-modified composite resin cement (Ultra Band-Lok and Transbond Plus). METHODS: cements were placed in a 3mm diameter mold at bonding interface and bonded to 6 x 6mm standard and sandblasted stainless steel band specimens mounted to acrylic blocks. Specimens were stored at 37oC and 100% relative humidity for 24 hours and debonded in tension on a testing machine at 0.05cm/minutes. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a Tukey multiple comparison procedure in the same surface treatment groups (sandblasted or non-sandblasted) and by paired t-tests in different surface treatment groups (sandblasted and non-sandblasted) (p=0.01). RESULTS: Ultra Band-Lok demonstrated significant greater shear-peel bond strength (p<0.01) in the non-sandblasted groups, and no statistically significant differences were noted between others cements. In the sandblasted groups, resin-modified glass ionomer cements demonstrated the highest mean bond strength (p<0.01), and 3M Multicure Glass Ionomer showed a greater shear-peel bond strength (p<0.01) than Ketac Cem and Fuji Ortho LC. CONCLUSION: sandblasting increased shear-peel bond strength in all tested groups (p<0.01).

Influence of plasma arc and quartz-tungsten-halogen curing lights on the polymerization of orthodontic composite resin

Purpose: To analyze, in vitro, the influence of a quartz-tungsten-halogen (QTH) and a plasma arc (PAC) on the degree of conversion and hardness of a composite resin, as well as the heat generated by the units. Methods: Transbond XT disks were prepared and light-cured for 10, 20 and 30 seconds with a QTH (Curing Light XL 3000) or with a PAC (Apollo 95E) for 1, 2 and 3 seconds. The composite resin polymerization was evaluated by infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) and Knoop hardness number (KHN). The temperature at the curing tip was evaluated. The results were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey test (α=0.05). Results: According to FTIR and KHN, the polymerization of the composite resin was statistically higher with the QTH. The temperature obtained with the QTH 20 s (45.44oC) and 30 s (45.84oC) was statistically higher than the QTH 10 s (39.90oC). The PAC 1 s (27.12oC), 2 s (28.48oC) and 3 s (29.96oC) presented the lowest temperature and did not differ statistically among them. Conclusion: Transbond XT light-activated for 10, 20 and 30 seconds with the QTH presented higher degree of conversion and hardness in comparison with those obtained with the PAC for 1, 2 and 3 seconds, and the QTH generated more heat than the PAC.