Ernest Bragulat
University of Barcelona
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Emergency Medicine Journal | 2003
Òscar Miró; Miquel Sánchez; G Espinosa; Blanca Coll-Vinent; Ernest Bragulat; J Millá
Objectives: To evaluate the different internal factors influencing patient flow, effectiveness, and overcrowding in the emergency department (ED), as well as the effects of ED reorganisation on these indicators. Methods: The study compared measurements at regular intervals of three hours of patient arrivals and patient flow between two comparable periods (from 10 February to 2 March) of 1999 and 2000. In between, a structural and staff reorganisation of ED was undertaken. The main reason for each patient remaining in ED was recorded and allocated to one of four groups: (1) factors related to ED itself ; (2) factors related to ED-hospital interrelation; (3) factors related to hospital itself; and (4) factors related to neither ED nor hospital. The study measured the number of patients waiting to be seen and the waiting time to be seen as effectiveness markers, as well as the percentage of time that ED was overcrowded, as judged by numerical and functional criteria. Results: Effectiveness of ED was closely related with some ED related and hospital related factors. After the reorganisation, patients who remained in ED because of hospital related or non-ED-non-hospital related factors decreased. ED reorganisation reduced the number of patients waiting to be seen from 5.8 to 2.5 (p<0.001) and waiting time from 87 to 24 minutes (p<0.001). Before the reorganisation, 31% and 48% of the time was considered to be overcrowded in numerical and functional terms respectively. After the reorganisation, these figures were reduced to 8% and 15% respectively (p<0.001 for both). Conclusions: ED effectiveness and overcrowding are not only determined by external pressure, but also by internal factors. Measurement of patient flow across ED has proved useful in detecting these factors and in being used to plan an ED reorganisation.
Annals of Emergency Medicine | 2003
Blanca Coll-Vinent; Xavier Sala; Carme Fernández; Ernest Bragulat; Gerard Espinosa; Òscar Miró; José Millá; Miquel Sánchez
STUDY OBJECTIVE We compare effectiveness, adverse effects, and recovery times of propofol, etomidate, and midazolam (with and without flumazenil) for cardioversion in the emergency department (ED). METHODS Thirty-two hemodynamically stable adult patients undergoing cardioversion in the ED were randomly assigned to receive etomidate (n=9), propofol (n=9), midazolam (n=8), or midazolam followed by flumazenil (n=6). For all patients, we measured induction time, awakening time, total recuperation time, global time, and adverse effects. Arterial pressure, cardiac and respiratory rate, and peripheral oxygen saturation were monitored throughout the procedure. Descriptive and nonparametric tests were used. RESULTS Demographic data were similar in all groups. Deep sedation and successful cardioversion were achieved in all cases. Hemodynamic assessment at baseline, after induction, after cardioversion, and at recovery demonstrated no significant difference between the 4 groups. Induction time was short in all groups. Awakening time was longer in the midazolam group (median 21 minutes, range 1 to 42 minutes) compared with that of the other groups (etomidate group: median 9.5 minutes, range 5 to 11 minutes; propofol group: median 8 minutes, range 3 to 15 minutes; midazolam/flumazenil group: median 3 minutes, range 2 to 5 minutes), and the same occurred with total recuperation time (etomidate group: median 14 minutes, range 5 to 20 minutes; propofol group: median 10 minutes, range 5 to 15 minutes; midazolam group: median 45 minutes, range 20 to 60 minutes; midazolam/flumazenil group: median 5 minutes, range 2 to 90 minutes). All patients in the midazolam/flumazenil group but 1 became resedated after flumazenil was discontinued. Four patients who had received etomidate exhibited myoclonus, which was pronounced and seizure-like in 1 case. CONCLUSION Four sedative regimens (propofol, etomidate, midazolam, and midazolam/flumazenil) were uniformly effective in facilitating ED cardioversion in hemodynamically stable adults. Propofol was well tolerated and lacked the myoclonus, prolonged sedation, and resedation noted with the latter 3 respective groups. Larger studies are needed to generalize these conclusions.
Revista Espanola De Cardiologia | 2007
Ernest Bragulat; Beatriz López; Òscar Miró; Blanca Coll-Vinent; Sònia Jiménez; María J. Aparicio; Magda Heras; Xavier Bosch; Valentí Valls; Miquel Sánchez
Introduccion y objetivos Establecer la prevalencia y caracteristicas de los pacientes con dolor toracico (DT) no traumatico y la calidad de proceso de una unidad de dolor toracico (UDT) estructural. Calcular teoricamente la dimension de futuras UDT estructurales. Metodos Estudio prospectivo que incluyo, en un grupo, a 1.000 pacientes consecutivos visitados por DT en la UDT y, en el otro, al resto de pacientes visitados por otros motivos. Se recogieron datos clinicos, diagnostico final, destino, tiempo de espera y tiempo hasta el alta. En la UDT, ademas se registro el tiempo puerta-ECG y, cuando procedia, el puerta-aguja y el puerta-balon. Para el dimensionado, se utilizo el numero de pacientes con DT y el tiempo hasta el alta o ingreso. Resultados La prevalencia del DT fue del 4,4% (22.468 visitas totales). Comparados con el resto, los pacientes con DT eran mas frecuentemente varones, de mayor edad, esperaron menos, pero ingresaron mas. De los 1.000 pacientes, el 25,9% tenia un sindrome coronario agudo (SCA), el 64,7% no resentaba un SCA, y el 9,4% quedo sin diagnostico por no efectuarse una prueba de esfuerzo (PE). Los pacientes con SCA eran mayores y con mas factores de riesgo, pero sin diferencias de sexo. El tiempo puerta-ECG fue de 10 min, el puerta-aguja de 26 min, y el puerta-balon de 51 min. Se precisaria una camilla de UDT por cada 13.000 urgencias anuales. Conclusiones La prevalencia y diferente perfil de los pacientes con DT apoyan el desarrollo de UDT estructurales. Se detectan limitaciones en el uso de la PE, pero se alcanzan los estandares de calidad de proceso del SCA.
Medicina Clinica | 2003
Miquel Sánchez; Òscar Miró; Blanca Coll-Vinent; Ernest Bragulat; Gerard Espinosa; Elisenda Gómez-Angelats; Sònia Jiménez; Carme Queralt; Josep Hernández-Rodríguez; Josep R. Alonso; José Millá
Fundamento y objetivo La utilizacion de los servicios de urgencias hospitalarios (SUH) es cadavez mayor, lo que conduce a su masificacion. El objetivo del presente trabajo es definir la «saturacion» de un SUH y determinar y cuantificar los factores que la condicionan. Pacientes y metodo Durante tres semanas consecutivas de anos distintos (2000-2002) se contabilizaroncada 3 h las entradas, el indice de ocupacion (IO) de los pacientes que permanecianen el SUH, en el area de primera asistencia (APA) y en el area de observacion (AO) segun lacausa de dicha permanencia. Los datos se sometieron a analisis de regresion logistica multiplecon la variable dependiente «saturacion/no saturacion» de cada una de las areas (SUH, APA yAO). Se definio la saturacion cuando el IO era igual o superior al 100%. Los modelos de cadaarea se calibraron por la prueba de Hosmer-Lemeshow y se discriminaron por metodologia ROC.Los modelos explicativos se armaron separando aleatoriamente dos grupos: seleccion (88% dedatos) y validacion (12% de datos). Resultados Las variables que se asociaron de forma significativa a la saturacion en el modelodel SUH fueron el IO debido a los pacientes que esperaban resultados, ir a una cama, encontrarcama, exploraciones complementarias y en evolucion. En el modelo del APA, lo fueron elIO debido a los que estaban visitandose y esperaban resultados. Finalmente, para el modelodel AO lo fueron el IO debido a los que esperaban ir a una cama, encontrar cama, exploracionescomplementarias y en evolucion. Todos los modelos mostraron sensibilidad y especificidadsuperiores al 85% y un area ROC superior a 0,97. En ningun caso el numero de pacientes queacuden a urgencias participo del modelo explicativo final. En el grupo de validacion se confirmaronestos resultados. Conclusiones Los pacientes que permanecen en el servicio de urgencias por factores dependientestanto del hospital (esperando ir a una cama o encontrar una cama) como del propio serviciode urgencias (esperando evolucion) son la principal causa de saturacion de los SUH.
Medicina Clinica | 2005
Sònia Jiménez; Gloria de la Red; Òscar Miró; Ernest Bragulat; Blanca Coll-Vinent; Esther Senar; Miguel A. Asenjo; Jm Salmerón; Miquel Sánchez
Fundamento y objetivos Conocer el efecto que tiene la incorporacion de un medico especialista en medicina familiar y comunitaria (MFC) en la efectividad, la eficiencia y la calidad de un servicio de urgencies hospitalario (SUH). Pacientes y metodo Estudio prospectivo e intervencionista realizado en el area de visita rapida (AVR) que idealmente esta abierta de las 8.00 a las 24.00 h y asistida por dos residentes. La intervencion consistio en sustituir 8 h de guardia de un residente (16.00 a 24.00) por 8 h de guardia de un especialista de MFC. El periodo de estudio fue agosto de 2002 (presencia de un especialista de MFC) y el periodo control, octubre de 2002. De forma aleatoria se evaluaron 10 dias y 100 pacientes de cada periodo. Se analizaron para cada dia las siguientes variables: numero de visitas (P), revisitas en 72 h y fugados, tiempo de apertura (TA) real del AVR y porcentaje de observaciones e ingresos. Se analizaron para cada paciente diversos aspectos: caracteristicas clinicas y epidemiologicas, tiempo de espera para ser visitado (TE), numero de exploraciones complementarias realizadas, tiempo de demora en la administracion del tratamiento (TT), tiempo total desde el inicio de la visita hasta la salida (TO) y numero de pacientes dados de alta sin necesidad de exploraciones complementarias o consulta a otros especialistas de guardia del hospital. Se realizo un analisis de la calidad percibida mediante encuesta telefonica. Se definieron y calcularon 3 indices de efectividad: P/TE (E1), P/TA (E2) y valoracion global de la visita/valoracion del TE (E3). Finalmente, se calcularon los costes (C) fijos y variables de ambos periodos, y se realizo un analisis coste-efectividad (C/E). Resultados El numero de visitas y las caracteristicas clinicas y epidemiologicas de los pacientes fueron similares en ambos periodos. Durante el periodo de estudio (presencia de MFC) todas las variables mejoraron significativamente: reduccion del 20% en el TE, el 25% en el TT, el 36% en el TO y el 17,5% en el TA. Se registro una reduccion del 41% en el numero de exploraciones complementarias, del 78% en el porcentaje de observaciones y del 75% en el porcentaje de revisitas. Finalmente, el E1 y el E2 mejoraron un 77 y un 51%. El analisis coste-efectividad mostro una disminucion, durante el periodo de estudio, para el C/E1 del 55%, para el C/E2 del 33% y para el C/E3 del 6%. La encuesta telefonica no revelo diferencias en ambos periodos pero el TE durante el periodo de estudio fue percibido con mas frecuencia como adecuado. Conclusiones La presencia de un medico de MFC en el AVR supuso una mejoria de la efectividad y de la calidad percibida por los pacientes. Ademas, esta presencia fue eficiente. Por ello, es una intervencion que deberia ser considerada por la administracion para una mejor utilizacion de los SUH.
Revista Espanola De Cardiologia | 2011
Alba Riesgo; Elisenda Sant; Luisa Benito; Jordi Hoyo; Òscar Miró; Lluis Mont; Ernest Bragulat; Blanca Coll-Vinent
Differences in the treatment of atrial fibrillation between men and women were investigated by using patients in a local health district as a reference population. The study included 688 patients (359 female) who presented with atrial fibrillation. Women were older, more frequently had heart failure, and were more often functionally dependent than men. With regards to the management of atrial fibrillation, women were prescribed digoxin more frequently than men, but underwent electrical cardioversion less often, were less frequently seen by a cardiologist, and understood less about their treatment. After stratifying the findings by age and adjusting for heart failure and the degree of functional dependence, it was observed that women aged over 85 years were prescribed digoxin more often than men, while women aged under 65 years underwent cardioversion less often than men. In conclusion, gender differences observed in the treatment of atrial fibrillation cannot be fully explained by differences in clinical characteristics between men and women in the population.
The American Journal of Gastroenterology | 2000
Ramon Bataller; Ernest Bragulat; Santiago Nogué; M. Nieves Görbig; Miquel Bruguera; Juan Rodés
Ingestion of paraquat is the most common cause of fatal pesticide poisoning. Liver involvement in acute paraquat poisoning is self-limited and usually consists of cholestasis. However, long-term hepatic effects after paraquat exposition have not been described up to now, probably because of the high mortality rate of this acute poisoning. We report the case of an agricultural worker who developed persistent cholestasis after an episode of acute paraquat poisoning through skin absorption.
Medicina Clinica | 2007
Blanca Coll-Vinent; Mireia Junyent; Josefina Orús; Cristina Villarroel; Jordi Casademont; Òscar Miró; Josep Magriñà; Víctor Obach; Miquel Sánchez; Marta Sitges; Ernest Bragulat; Sònia Jiménez; Gustavo Pacheco; Josep Brugada; Lluis Mont
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Atrial fibrillation is managed in multiple settings by different specialists. We sought to analyze treatment and compliance of the prevailing guidelines of patients with atrial fibrillation attended at different levels of health care and to quantify interventions to correct treatment inadequacies. PATIENTS AND METHOD: We included all adult patients with atrial fibrillation who presented during a 14 day-period to different levels of health care of a tertiary hospital and a related primary care clinic (family physician, cardiologist, emergency department, hospitalization). In all of them, clinical and epidemiological data in relation to atrial fibrillation, and all data referring to treatment and compliance of guidelines, were recorded prospectively. RESULTS: 293 patients were included. Clinical and epidemiological data were similar in the different settings. A great diversity in atrial fibrillation treatment was observed. In 30 and 33% of the patients, antiarrhythmic and antithrombotic treatment, respectively, did not meet the recommendations of the prevailing guidelines. The adequacy was inferior in primary care. The adequacy percentages increased slightly after the medical attention (2 and 3% respectively, p non significant) with no differences in this increase between the different settings. CONCLUSIONS: There are no epidemiological differences between patients with atrial fibrillation treated at different levels of health care. An important number of patients do not follow the recommendations of the prevailing guidelines. There is a clear medical abstention in incorrectly treated cases.
Medicina Clinica | 2001
Òscar Miró; Miquel Sánchez; Gabriel Mestre; Blanca Coll-Vinent; Ernest Bragulat; Gerard Espinosa; Néstor Soler; Rafael Gotsens; José Millá
Fundamento Determinar el efecto sobre la eficacia, calidad y eficiencia asistencial de una re-forma de una unidad de urgencias de medicina (UUM). Material y metodo Las reformas consistieron en la ampliacion del 50% de los recursos estructurales y del 34% de los recursos humanos. Asi mismo, se redisenaron los roles de cada miembro de la guardia, se implantaron nuevos circuitos y se redefinio la relacion entre la UUM y el resto de los servicios del hospital. Como indicadores de eficacia se utilizaron el numero de pacientes que esperaban empezar a ser atendidos (Pesp), el tiempo de espera del paciente para ser atendido (Tesp) y el tiempo total de estancia en urgencias (Ttotal). Los indicadores de calidad fueron el indice de pacientes no visitados (IPNV), revisitados (IPR) y fallecidos (IPF). Todos estos parametros, ademas del numero de visitas, se determinaron a diario durante tres semanas antes (febrero de 1999) y despues (febrero de 2000) de las reformas. Para estimar la efectividad se utilizaron los cocientes Ptotal/Tesp (e1) y Ptotal/Pesp (e2). El calculo de costes se efectuo a partir del control presupuestario y se realizo un analisis coste-efectividad (C/E) para conocer la eficiencia. Resultados Durante el ano 2000, las visitas se incrementaron un 12% (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 2 a 22%). A pesar de ello, se observo una mejoria significativa de casi todos los in-dicadores estudiados tras la implantacion de la reforma: Pesp –57% (IC del 95%, –37 a –77%); Tesp –72% (IC del 95%, –51 a –93%); Ttotal –29% (IC del 95%, –13 a –45%); IPNV –2% (IC del 95%, +42 a –46%); IPR –75% (IC del 95%: –45% a –105%) y IPF –51% (IC 95%: +12% a –114%). La e1 mejoro un 996% (IC del 95%, 335 a 1.658%) y la e2 un 186% (IC del 95%, –23 a 395%). El analisis de C/E indica una mejora del 70% (IC del 95%, 33 a 107%) y del 56% (IC del 95%, 18 a 94%) en relacion con e1 y e2 respectivamente tras la reforma. Conclusion La dotacion de un servicio de urgencias con los recursos necesarios permite mejorar de forma sustancial su eficacia y calidad, y en ultima instancia el servicio prestado y la calidad percibida por el usuario. Ademas, a pesar del incremento del coste por la reforma, se con-sigue una mayor eficiencia.
American Journal of Emergency Medicine | 2010
Rafael Perelló; Òscar Miró; Maria Angeles Marcos; Manel Almela; Ernest Bragulat; Miquel Sánchez; C. Agustí; José M. Miró; Asunción Moreno
INTRODUCTION HIV-1-infected patients have higher incidence of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and risk of complications. Bacteremia has been associated with a higher risk of complications in such patients. We investigated factors associated with bacteremia in HIV-1-infected patients with CAP presenting at the emergency department. METHODS We included HIV-1-infected patients with CAP for 3 years (March 2005-February 2008). Only patients in whom blood cultures were performed were finally included. Clinical data (age; sex; CD4(+) count; serum HIV viral load; previous or current intravenous drug use and antiretroviral treatment; systolic blood pressure; and cardiac and respiratory rates), analytical data (leukocyte count, arterial oxygen content, C-reactive protein value, and urgent Streptococcus pneumoniae and Legionella spp antigen urine detection), and APACHE-II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation) score were compiled. The need for intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, mortality, and for patients finally discharged, duration of admission were retrospectively obtained from the clinical history. A multivariate analysis using logistic regression was performed to find independent predictors of bacteremia. RESULTS We diagnosed 129 HIV-1-infected patients with CAP. Blood cultures were performed in 118 cases (91%). Bacteremia was present in 28 (24%). Independent predictors of bacteremia were the detection of S pneumoniae antigen in urine (odds ratio, 9.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.9-42.0) and the absence of current antiretroviral treatment (odds ratio, 7.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-33.3). In-hospital mortality was higher in patients with bacteremia (15% vs 0%). CONCLUSION HIV-1-infected patients with CAP who are not on current antiretroviral therapy and have positive S pneumoniae antigenuria are at increased risk of having bacteremia. Bacteremic patients have a poor outcome.