Erol Baytok

Effects of grape pomace supplementation to laying hen diet on performance, egg quality, egg lipid peroxidation and some biochemical parameters

This study was carried out to determine the effects of dried grape pomace supplementation in a corn-soy-based diet on performance, egg quality, plasma and egg lipid peroxidation, and some biochemical parameters of laying hens. In this study, 96 moulted 80-week-old Bovans laying hens were distributed into three groups with eight replicates. The hens were fed a supplemented diet with 0% (control group), 4% and 6% grape pomace (experimental groups) for 12 weeks. In the study, the effects of grape pomace supplementation in a corn-soy-based diet on performance, internal and external egg quality, serum total cholesterol, total protein, glucose and triglyceride levels, and plasma and egg yolk malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined. The addition of grape pomace to laying hen diet did not significantly affect live weight, feed intake, egg production and feed efficiency (P > 0.05). In all treatment groups, supplementation did not significantly affect albumen index, Haugh unit, egg yolk index, yolk colour, eggshell ratio, eggshell thickness, egg-specific gravity, total cholesterol, total protein and triglyceride compared to the control group (P > 0.05). In the study, 4% grape pomace supplementation to diet significantly increased egg weight (P < 0.001), and both 4% and 6% grape pomace supplementation levels significantly increased liver weight (P < 0.05) and liver weight ratio (P < 0.01). Grape pomace addition to laying hens diet significantly decreased plasma MDA and serum glucose levels (P < 0.001). Also, grape pomace addition significantly decreased egg yolk MDA levels on day 1 (incubation on 0 minute; P < 0.001), and day 15 [incubation on 0, 30, 60 and 90 (P < 0.05) minutes]. The results of this study concluded that performance, egg quality and serum total cholesterol, total protein and triglyceride levels were not negatively affected. Plasma and egg yolk MDA, and serum glucose levels were reduced by 4% and 6% supplementation to laying hen diets. It was concluded that grape pomace supplementation has the potential to extend shelf life.

Effect of dietary formic acid on the in vitro ruminal fermentation parameters of barley-based concentrated mix feed of beef cattle

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the effect of 0 (FA0) and 1, 2, 4 or 8 mL/kg (FA1, FA2, FA4 and FA8) formic acid addition to barley-based concentrated mix feed on in vitro gas kinetics [gas production from quickly soluble fraction (agas), gas production constant rate (cgas), gas production of insoluble fraction (bgas), potential gas production (a + b)gas], methane production, organic matter digestibility (OMD), metabolic energy (ME), net energy lactation (NEL), pH, ammonia-N, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), total bacteria count and number of ciliate protozoa. The in vitro cumulative gas production, cgas, bgas, (a + b)gas, ME, NEL and OMD values and ammonia-N concentration were decreased by formic acid (P < .05). Formic acid supplementation increased in vitro methane production up to about 12% (P < .05). Total bacteria count and number of protozoa and molar concentrations of total VFAs, acetic, propionic and butyric acids decreased with formic acid supplementation (P < .001). The numbers of Isotricha spp. and Dasytricha spp. increased with high formic acid (P < .001). The numbers of Diplodiniinae and Entodiniinae decreased in FA4 and FA8 groups (P < .05). The results indicated that formic acid addition to feed decreased ruminal microbiota count, digestibility, proteolysis and molar VFA values also increased ruminal methane emission. Besides, formic acid supplementation could increase energy loss during ruminal fermentation of feed.

Investigation in terms of digestive values, silages quality and nutrient content of the using pomegranate pomace in the ensiling of apple pomace with high moisture contents

ABSTRACT The purpose of present study was to determine the quality and in vitro digestion parameters in silages of 100% pomegranate pomace (PPS), 100% apple pomace (APS) and 50% pomegranate pomace + 50% apple pomace (PAPS). The digestion parameters of 10% or 20% using of these silages in total mix ration (TMR) of dairy cattle were researched. The dry matter (DM), crude protein, flavonoids, tannins and anthocyanins of pomegranate pomace were higher than those of apple pomace. Fibrous and non-fibrous carbohydrates of pomegranate pomace were similar to those of apple pomace. The silage DM losses in APS decreased with pomegranate pomace (p = .004). The silage density, gas-methane production, and estimated digestion values of PPS and PAPS were higher than those of APS (p < .05). Lactic acid and pH value of APS and the PAPS were higher than the PPS (p < .01). The using of PPS up to 20% in TMR decreased in vitro estimated digestion of TMR (p < .05). The using of APS or PAPS up to 20% in TMR was appropriate for in vitro results. As a result, ensilaging of apple pomace with pomegranate pomace can increase silage density, silage DM; and can decrease silage DM losses; and do not affect silage quality-digestion parameters.