Kanber Kara

Effects of grape pomace supplementation to laying hen diet on performance, egg quality, egg lipid peroxidation and some biochemical parameters

This study was carried out to determine the effects of dried grape pomace supplementation in a corn-soy-based diet on performance, egg quality, plasma and egg lipid peroxidation, and some biochemical parameters of laying hens. In this study, 96 moulted 80-week-old Bovans laying hens were distributed into three groups with eight replicates. The hens were fed a supplemented diet with 0% (control group), 4% and 6% grape pomace (experimental groups) for 12 weeks. In the study, the effects of grape pomace supplementation in a corn-soy-based diet on performance, internal and external egg quality, serum total cholesterol, total protein, glucose and triglyceride levels, and plasma and egg yolk malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined. The addition of grape pomace to laying hen diet did not significantly affect live weight, feed intake, egg production and feed efficiency (P > 0.05). In all treatment groups, supplementation did not significantly affect albumen index, Haugh unit, egg yolk index, yolk colour, eggshell ratio, eggshell thickness, egg-specific gravity, total cholesterol, total protein and triglyceride compared to the control group (P > 0.05). In the study, 4% grape pomace supplementation to diet significantly increased egg weight (P < 0.001), and both 4% and 6% grape pomace supplementation levels significantly increased liver weight (P < 0.05) and liver weight ratio (P < 0.01). Grape pomace addition to laying hens diet significantly decreased plasma MDA and serum glucose levels (P < 0.001). Also, grape pomace addition significantly decreased egg yolk MDA levels on day 1 (incubation on 0 minute; P < 0.001), and day 15 [incubation on 0, 30, 60 and 90 (P < 0.05) minutes]. The results of this study concluded that performance, egg quality and serum total cholesterol, total protein and triglyceride levels were not negatively affected. Plasma and egg yolk MDA, and serum glucose levels were reduced by 4% and 6% supplementation to laying hen diets. It was concluded that grape pomace supplementation has the potential to extend shelf life.

In vitro methane production and quality of corn silage treated with maleic acid

This study aimed to determine the effects of maleic acid (MA) addition to corn at ensiling on silage quality and in vitro methane and total gas production, metabolisable energy (ME), and organic matter digestibility (OMD) parameters by using in vitro gas production techniques. Forage corn was ensiled either without (control group: MA 0) or with three different dosages of maleic acid, 0.5% (MA 0.5), 1.0% (MA 1.0), and 1.5% (MA 1.5) w/w of the fresh material for 60 days. As a result of this study, neutral detergent fibre level was decreased in the MA 1.5 group (P<0.05). The 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% addition of maleic acid to forage corn at ensiling increased lactic acid concentration (P<0.05) in silage and reduced propionic acid (P<0.05). Iso-valeric acid concentration in the organic acids of the silage was decreased with maleic acid addition (P<0.05). The maleic acid addition decreased in vitro ruminal methane production (P<0.01). The silage pH value, and acetic, butyric and iso-butyric acid concentrations and in vitro total gas production, OMD, and ME values did not change by MA addition (P>0.05). It was concluded that MA addition could reduce methane emission without any negative effects on silage nutrient composition or in vitro ruminal fermentation parameters.

Effect of dietary formic acid on the in vitro ruminal fermentation parameters of barley-based concentrated mix feed of beef cattle

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the effect of 0 (FA0) and 1, 2, 4 or 8 mL/kg (FA1, FA2, FA4 and FA8) formic acid addition to barley-based concentrated mix feed on in vitro gas kinetics [gas production from quickly soluble fraction (agas), gas production constant rate (cgas), gas production of insoluble fraction (bgas), potential gas production (a + b)gas], methane production, organic matter digestibility (OMD), metabolic energy (ME), net energy lactation (NEL), pH, ammonia-N, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), total bacteria count and number of ciliate protozoa. The in vitro cumulative gas production, cgas, bgas, (a + b)gas, ME, NEL and OMD values and ammonia-N concentration were decreased by formic acid (P < .05). Formic acid supplementation increased in vitro methane production up to about 12% (P < .05). Total bacteria count and number of protozoa and molar concentrations of total VFAs, acetic, propionic and butyric acids decreased with formic acid supplementation (P < .001). The numbers of Isotricha spp. and Dasytricha spp. increased with high formic acid (P < .001). The numbers of Diplodiniinae and Entodiniinae decreased in FA4 and FA8 groups (P < .05). The results indicated that formic acid addition to feed decreased ruminal microbiota count, digestibility, proteolysis and molar VFA values also increased ruminal methane emission. Besides, formic acid supplementation could increase energy loss during ruminal fermentation of feed.

Ruminal digestibility, microbial count, volatile fatty acids and gas kinetics of alternative forage sources for arid and semi-arid areas as in vitro

Abstract Atriplex (Atriplex patula) and plantago (Plantago lanceolata) species are commonly found in grasslands which have arid and semi-arid climatic conditions. The aim of the study was to make comparison of atriplex, plantago and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) herbages in terms of nutrient matter content, gas kinetics, methane production, estimated digestion parameters, ammonia-N, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), total bacteria count and numbers of protozoa. In vitro gas production was carried out for up to 96 h by using the in vitro digestion technique. The molar total VFAs, metabolic energy (ME), net energy lactation (NEL), and organic matter digestibility (OMD) levels, count of total bacteria, number of total ciliate and number of Dasytricha sp., Diplodiniinae and Entodiniinae did not show significant differences between alfalfa and the alternative forages (p >.05). In vitro methane production of atriplex herbage was higher than that of plantago herbage (p <.01). The ruminal ammonia-N concentration of plantago herbage was lower than those of atriplex and alfalfa herbages (p <.001). The individual molar proportions of propionic acid of alfalfa herbage were higher than those of the other forages (p <.001). The results of the present experiment confirmed that A. patula and P. lanceolata, which are appropriate for the flora of the Mediterranean region, can be used as alternative good quality forage plants to alfalfa hay for grazing animals.

Influence of catechin (flavan-3-ol) addition to breeder quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) diets on productivity, reproductive performance, egg quality and yolk oxidative stability

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of green tea (Camellia sinensis) catechin addition to breeder quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) diet on productivity, reproductive performance, egg quality and yolk malondialdehyde (MDA) levels during storage, and some serum biochemical parameters. In this study, a total number of 180 quail, 7 weeks of age were randomly divided into 3 groups (1 control group and 2 treatment groups) with 5 replicates (9 females + 3 males). The control group was fed basal diet; the treatment groups were fed basal diet with 0.2% and 0.4% catechin supplementation for 5 weeks. The results of this study showed that 0.2% and 0.4% catechin addition had no significant effects on live weight, feed intake, egg production, feed efficiency, and egg internal quality (yolk colour, albumen index, yolk index, Haugh units, and pH) (P > .05). Catechin addition reduced egg weight, egg specific gravity, and egg shell thickness (P < .001). The catechin addition to diet significantly diminished MDA concentrations of eggs (P < .05). Serum glucose and triglyceride levels significantly decreased (P < .05) in the 0.4% catechin group, but were not significantly affected (P > .05) in the 0.2% catechin group compared to the control group. The addition of 0.2% catechin significantly increased fertility (P < .05), hatchability (P < .01), and the hatchability of fertile eggs (P < .05). In conclusion, catechin supplementation to breeder quail diet has the potential to increase egg shelf-life and reproductive performance. On the other hand, supplementation with these catechin levels decreased egg weight and egg shell quality.

APPLICABILITY OF NON-FEED REMOVAL PROGRAMS TO INDUCE MOLTING INSTEAD OF THE CONVENTIONAL FEED WITHDRAWAL METHOD IN BROWN LAYING HENS

This study was conducted to compare the applicability of non-feed removal (NFR) programs to induce molting in brown laying hens by feedusing alfalfa meal and barley grain on molting of instead of feed withdrawal in terms of performance, egg quality and profitability. A total of 240, 75-week-old Hy-Line brown laying hens were randomly divided into three groups as conventional feed withdrawal (CONV), and two non-feed removal programs using alfalfa meal (A+F) or barley grain (B+F), each containing 80 hens with 20 replicates (4 hens x 20 replicates = 80 hens). After 10 days of the induced molting the lowest body weight loss (20.01%) was found in the B+F method (p 0.05). Haugh unit of CONV group was better than NFR groups, whereas molting by NFR groups improved egg yolk color (p< 0.001). Despite higher feed cost of NFR programs, egg income and profit was better than CONV group (p< 0.001). In conclusion, molting with alfalfa meal and barley grain of brown layers may be used as non-feed removal programs, without negative effects on the performance and egg quality parameters. Besides, these non-feed removal programs have higher income and profitability.

Investigation in terms of digestive values, silages quality and nutrient content of the using pomegranate pomace in the ensiling of apple pomace with high moisture contents

ABSTRACT The purpose of present study was to determine the quality and in vitro digestion parameters in silages of 100% pomegranate pomace (PPS), 100% apple pomace (APS) and 50% pomegranate pomace + 50% apple pomace (PAPS). The digestion parameters of 10% or 20% using of these silages in total mix ration (TMR) of dairy cattle were researched. The dry matter (DM), crude protein, flavonoids, tannins and anthocyanins of pomegranate pomace were higher than those of apple pomace. Fibrous and non-fibrous carbohydrates of pomegranate pomace were similar to those of apple pomace. The silage DM losses in APS decreased with pomegranate pomace (p = .004). The silage density, gas-methane production, and estimated digestion values of PPS and PAPS were higher than those of APS (p < .05). Lactic acid and pH value of APS and the PAPS were higher than the PPS (p < .01). The using of PPS up to 20% in TMR decreased in vitro estimated digestion of TMR (p < .05). The using of APS or PAPS up to 20% in TMR was appropriate for in vitro results. As a result, ensilaging of apple pomace with pomegranate pomace can increase silage density, silage DM; and can decrease silage DM losses; and do not affect silage quality-digestion parameters.

GT Biplot Analysis for Silage Potential, Nutritive Value, Gas and Methane Production of Stay-Green Grain Sorghum Shoots

Bu calisma, GT Biplot analizi kullanilarak kalici yesil sorgum genotiplerinin olasi silajini arastirmak icin yurutulmustur . Tahil hasatini takiben, 41 sorgum genotipi silaj yapmak icin dogranmistir. Biyokimyasal analizler, 60 gun silajdan sonra gerceklestirildi. Sonuclar, yesil ot veriminin 13.40-65.96 t ha- 1 arasinda degistigini ortaya koymustur kuru madde oranlari% 24.26-35.83, ham protein orani% 3.44-7.03, ADF oranlari% 27.46-52.01, NDF oranlari% 40.80-69.12, ham kul oranlari% 5.89-15.14, laktik asit icerigi% 1.657-4.914, propionik asit icerigi% 0.000-0.247 arasindadir. Metan uretim degerleri 14.15-21.80%; gaz uretimi 18.51-47.36 mL arasinda, metabolik enerji (ME) 6.68-11.67 MJ / kg DM ve organik madde sindirilebilirligi (OMD) arasinda% 47.20-89.93 arasinda degismektedir. GT biplot analizine gore, asetik, butirik ve propiyonik asitler, pH, kul ve protein icerikleri arasinda metan, ME, OMD ve gaz-metan uretimi arasinda ADF, NDF ve DM arasinda pozitif korelasyonlar vardi; gaz uretimi, ADF ve NDF ile bitki ortusu verimi, ham protein, organik asitler, pH ve ham kul arasinda negatif korelasyonlar vardi. Genotipler arasinda, Sugar grazer, herbisit verimi, G4 ve G3 genotipleri ham protein ile belirgindi. Butun parametreleri goz onune alirsak, genotip G20 ideal genotip gibiydi. Bazi silaj ornekleri silaj ve beslenme ozelliklerini dusuk olmasina ragmen, bazilari tam sorgum silajina kiyasla oldukca yakin degerler hatta daha yuksek degerler vermistir. Kisin hayvancilik icin kaliteli bir kaba yem kaynagi olusturabilirler. Kalici yesil genotipler uzerine daha fazla islah calismalari, bitki ve hayvancilik uretim faaliyetlerine onemli katkilar saglayabilir Bazilari tam sorgum silajindan daha yuksek degere sahipti. Kisin hayvancilik icin kaliteli bir kaba yem kaynagi olusturabilirler. Kalici yesil genotipler uzerine daha fazla islah calismalari, bitki ve hayvancilik uretim faaliyetlerine onemli katkilar saglayabilir Bazilari tam sorgum silajindan daha yuksek degere sahipti. Kisin hayvancilik icin kaliteli bir kaba yem kaynagi olusturabilirler. Kalici yesil genotipler uzerine daha fazla islah calismalari, bitki ve hayvancilik uretim faaliyetlerine onemli katkilar saglayabilir

Effect of catechins on fattening performance, meat quality, some antioxidant and blood parameters and fattening costs in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of green tea (Camellia sinensis) catechins in quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Quail were fed with a basal diet, and the treatment groups were fed on the basal diet with 1.25 or 2.50 g/kg catechin supplementation for 30 d. Fattening performance and meat quality of the quail were estimated. Serum total antioxidant status (TAS), plasma and liver malondialdehyde (MDA) and some serum biochemical parameters were measured. The results showed that catechin supplementation did not affect live weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, carcass weight, carcass dressing or the nutrient composition of breast and thigh meats. The water holding capacity (WHC) of breast meat was increased in the 2.50 g/kg catechin treatment. Catechin supplementation increased the serum TAS, but decreased plasma MDA and liver MDA concentration as well as serum glucose and total cholesterol levels. Serum triglyceride and total protein levels were not affected by catechin supplementation. In conclusion, catechins have effective antioxidant hypoglycaemic and hypocholesterolaemic properties, as well as having the potential to increase meat quality in fattening quail. On the other hand, catechin supplementation did not have any negative effect on the fattening performance, meat nutrient composition and fattening costs in fattening quail.