Ertan Oruç

Effects of glyphosate on juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): transcriptional and enzymatic analyses of antioxidant defence system, histopathological liver damage and swimming performance.

This study aims to determine the effect of glyphosate on the transcriptional and enzymatic activity of antioxidant metabolism enzymes of juvenile rainbow trout with short term (6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 h) and long term (21 days) exposures followed by a recovery treatment. This study also aims to determine the effects of glyphosate exposure on liver tissue damage and swimming performance due to short term (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/L) and long term (2.5 and 5 mg/L) exposures. Following pesticide administration, ten fish, each as a sample, were caught at 6th, 12th, 24th, 48th and 96th -h for the short term, and at 21st day for the long term exposure study. GPx activity was found to be significantly induced 12 h after the exposure to 2.5 mg/L of glyphosate as compared with the control group. A similar degree of induction was also observed for CAT activity but not for SOD. For long term exposure, except for the GPx activity after exposure to 5 mg/L of glyphosate, the activities of all other enzymes remained on a par with the control group. It was also observed that the levels of gene expression of these enzymes were not comparable with each other. It is assumed that these differences might result from the effect of glyphosate before translation and the possible reasons for this scenario are also discussed. The results of swimming performance are found to be consistent with responses of the antioxidant system, and they are attributed to the energy metabolism. The data are also supported with liver histopathology analysis.

In vivo changes in carbonic anhydrase activity and histopathology of gill and liver tissues after acute exposure to chlorpyrifos in rainbow trout

Abstract Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate pesticide widely used in agriculture and aquaculture. This study investigated its effects on carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzyme activity and histopathology of rainbow trout gill and liver. The fish were exposed to 2.25 (25 % of 96 h LC50), 4.5 (50 % of 96 h LC50), and 6.75 μg L-1 (75 % of 96 h LC50) of chlorpyrifos for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. CA activity was measured in liver and gills and histopathological changes were examined by light microscopy. The most common liver changes at most of the chlorpyrifos concentrations were hyperaemia and degenerative changes. Gill tissues were characterised by lamellar hyperaemia, lamellar oedemas, clumping, cellular degeneration, hyperplasia, and lamellar atrophy. CA enzyme activity in the gills decreased at all concentrations at 48, 72, and 96 h after exposure to chlorpyrifos (p<0.05). Similarly, there was a time-dependent decrease in CA activity at all of the concentrations in liver tissues (p<0.05). The present study indicated that chlorpyrifos inhibits CA enzyme activity and causes histopathological damage in gill and liver tissues Sažetak Klorpirifos je organofosforni pesticid široke primjene u poljoprivredi i ribarstvu. U ovome radu istražili smo njegov učinak na aktivnost enzima ugljikove anhidraze te histopatologiju škrga i jetre u kalifornijske pastrve. Ribe su bile izložene klorpirifosu u koncentracijama 2,25 μg L-1 (25 % 96-satnog LC50), 4,5 μg L-1 (50 % 96-satnog LC50) i 6,75 μg L-1 (75 % 96-satnog LC50) tijekom 24, 48, 72 i 96 sati. Aktivnost ugljikove anhidraze mjerena je u jetri i škrgama, a histopatološke promjene promatrane su svjetlosnom mikroskopijom. Najčešće promjene u jetri pri većini koncentracija bile su hiperemija i degenerativne promjene. Na tkivu škrga primijećeni su hiperemija i edemi u škržnim listićima, sljepljivanje i degeneracija stanica, hiperplazija te atrofija škržnih listića. Aktivnost ugljikove anhidraze u škrgama smanjila se pri svim koncentracijama nakon 48, 72 i 96 sati izloženosti (p<0.05). Također je uočeno i smanjenje aktivnosti ugljikove anhidraze u jetri ovisno o duljini izloženosti pri svim koncentracijama (p<0.05). Dobiveni rezultati upućuju na to da klorpirifos inhibira aktivnost ugljikove anhidraze i izaziva značajna histopatološka oštećenja u škrgama i jetri

Effects of ramipril and darbepoetin on electromechanical activity of the heart in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity

in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity Yunusemre Ozkanlar ⁎, Mustafa Sinan Aktas , Mehmet Turkeli , Nergis Erturk , Ertan Oruc , Seckin Ozkanlar , Akin Kirbas , Burak Erdemci , Enbiya Aksakal f a Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey b Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey c Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey d Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey e Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey f Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey

The effects of acute boric acid treatment on gill, kidney and muscle tissues in juvenile rainbow trout

Boric acid (BA) is an essential nutrient for plants and many organisms, but it has become an environmental contaminant because of widespread use. Pesticide and its compounds are a serious threat to aquatic organisms. This study was carried out to determine the histopathological effects of acute exposure to BA concentrations in rainbow trout. The fish were exposed to 102 and 103 mg/L concentrations of BA. Tissues were sampled at 6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 h. Histopathological alterations occurring in tissues were common in both doses of BA. Gill tissues showed lamellar oedema, cellulary infiltration, lamellar disorganization, degenerative changes and lamellar thickening. Kidneys had glomerular oedema and glomerulonephritis, degeneration of the tubulary epithelium, interstitial fibrosis and a hyaline cast within the tubular lumens. Muscle tissues displayed interstitial oedema and degenerative and atrophic changes to varying degrees in the myofibrils. Our study shows that BA can be toxic for rainbow trout and cause histopathological damage in fish tissue.