Erving Goffman

Embarrassment and social organization.

Embarrassment, a possibility in every face-to-face encounter, demostrates some generic properties of interaction. It occurs whenever an individual is felt to have projected incopatible definition of himself before those present. These projections do not occur at random or for psychological reasons but at certain places in a social establishment where incopatible principles of social organization prevail. In the forestalling of conflict between these principles, embarrassment has its social function.

Symbols of Class Status

tT>HE TERMS sGatgs, position, and role have been used interchangeably | to refer to the set of rights and obligations which governs the behaviour 1 of persons acting in a given social capacity. In general, the rights and obligations of a status are fixed through time by means of external sanctions enforced by law, public opinion, and threat of socio-economic loss, and by internalized sanctions of the kind that are built into a conception of self and pve rise to guilt, remorse, and shame. A status may be ranked on a scaRe of prestige, according to the amount of social value that is placed upon it relative to other statuses in the same sector of social life. An individual may be rated on a scale of esteem, depending on how closely his performance approaches the ideal established for that particular status.2 Co-operative actilrity based on a differentiation and integration of statuses is a universal characteristic of social life. This kind of harmony requires that the occupant of each status act toward others in a manner which conveys the impression that his conception of himself and of them is the same as their conception of themselves and him. A workiIlg consensus of this sort therefore requires adequate communication about conceptions of status. The rights and obligations of a status are frequently ill-adapted to the requirements of ordinary communication. Specialized means of displaying ones position frequently develop. Such sign-vehicles have been called statgs symbols.3 They are the cues which select for a person the status that is to be imputed to him and the way in which others are to treat him. Status symbols visibly divide the social world into categories of persons, thereby helping to maintain solidarity within a category and hostility between different categories.4 Status symbols must be distinguished from collective

Felicity's Condition

In this paper an effort is made to review the relevance and limitations of a scattering of near-recent work in sociolinguistics, pragmatics, and conversational analysis with respect to a central issue in the sociological study of social interaction: the taken-for-granted and the inferences made therefrom. The hope is that the line between microsociological studies and sociolinguistics can be shown to be arbitrary, requiring those on each side of the division to address the concerns of those on the other side.

Stigma. Über Techniken der Bewältigung beschädigter Identität

Erving Goffman (1922 – 1982) ist wohl der bedeutendste Interaktions-Theoretiker des 20. Jahrhunderts. Sein einflussreichstes, auch dem allgemeinen Publikum bekannt gewordenes Buch durfte „The presentation of self in everyday life“ (1959; deutsche Fassung „Wir alle spielen Theater. Die Selbstdarstellung im Alltag“, 1983 und danach in zahlreichen Auflagen) sein, in dem er die theatralisch anmutenden Dimensionen alltaglichen Verhaltens in zahlreichen Facetten uberaus bildhaft darstellt. Nicht zuletzt diese anschaulichen Beschreibungen haben zum Erfolg des Buches beigetragen, das erstmals in solcher analytischen Scharfe das Management von Identitat beleuchtet. Mit seinen Analysen von Kliniken, Gefangnissen und Klostern als totale Institutionen („Asylums. Essays on the Social Situation of Mental Patients and other Inmates“, 1961; deutsche Fassung: „Asyle.

The Insanity of Place

The the insanity of place that we provide for you will be ultimate to give preference. This reading book is your chosen book to accompany you when in your free time, in your lonely. This kind of book can help you to heal the lonely and get or add the inspirations to be more inoperative. Yeah, book as the widow of the world can be very inspiring manners. As here, this book is also created by an inspiring author that can make influences of you to do more.

Erwiderungen und Reaktionen

Die vorliegende Arbeit ist der Untersuchung des Dialogs gewidmet. Sie umfast vier Teile: Der erste liefert Argumente fur eine Dialoganalyse, der zweite zahlt einige Mangel auf, der dritte wendet diese kritische Betrachtungsweise auf den Begriff der Erwiderung an und der vierte bietet einen zusammenfassenden Uberblick.

Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity.

CONTENTS 1. Stigma and Social Identity Preliminary Conceptions The Own and the Wise Moral Career 2. Information Control and Personal Identity The Discredited and the Discreditable Social Information Visibility Personal Identity Biography Biographical Others Passing Techniques of Information Control Covering 3. Group Alignment and Ego Identity Ambivalence Professional Presentations In-Group Alignments Out-Group Alignments The Politics of Identity 4. The Self and Its Other Deviations and Norms The Normal Deviant Stigma and Reality 5. Deviations and Deviance