Ervizal A.M. Zuhud

Pengetahuan Etnobotani Suku Manggarai dan Implikasinya Terhadap Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Hutan di Pegunungan Ruteng

Ruteng mountains are inhabited by the tribe Manggarai. Local community in the mountains of Ruteng have ethnobotany knowledge in utilization forest plant to meet their needs. Loss of traditional knowledge would have negative impacts on forest resources, because the indigenous people would have less knowledge on sustainable ways to manage the existing forest resources so that a research is required to identify the status of traditional knowledge. This study aims to analyze the level of knowledge of ethnobotany, retention rate, and the rate of change of the annual retention on the indigenous people in the Ruteng mountains. The research was conducted in the Kampung Mano, Lerang, and Wae Rebo, Manggarai District within the Province of Nusa Tenggara Timur in the period of JulyDecember 2014. Data was obtained through Focus Group Discussion (FGD), semi-structured interviews with 90 respondent, and in-depth interviews. Data obtained were analyzed for the level of ethnobotany knowledge, ethnobotany retention index, and testing the significance of the factors that affect the level of knowledge with Kruskal Wallis test and Man Whitney. The results of the study shows that the Manggarai communities in the Mountains of Ruteng have local knowledge to meet daily needs, especially food, and medicine through the utilization of forest plant. The level of ethnobotany knowledge is high because they use forest plants, practice traditional rituals, and inheritance knowledge. The ethnobotany knowledge of young generation decreased which can give negatif impact to forest conservation.

Screening of in vitro antimicrobial activity of plants used in traditional Indonesian medicine

Abstract Context: In many regions of Indonesia, there are numerous traditional herbal preparations for treatment of infectious diseases. However, their antimicrobial potential has been poorly studied by modern laboratory methods. Objective: This study investigates in vitro antimicrobial activity of 49 ethanol extracts from 37 plant species used in Indonesian traditional medicine for treatment against Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Materials and methods: The plants were collected from the Biopharmaca collection garden, Bogor, Indonesia. The plant material was dried, finely grounded, extracted using ethanol, concentrated, and the dried residue was dissolved in 100% DMSO. Antimicrobial activity was determined in terms of a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using a broth microdilution method in 96-well microplates. Results: The extract of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. (Lamiaceae) leaf produced the strongest antimicrobial effect, inhibiting the growth of C. albicans (MIC 128 μg/mL), S. aureus (MIC 256 μg/mL), E. faecalis (MIC 256 μg/mL) and P. aeruginosa (MIC 256 μg/mL). The leaf extract of Woodfordia floribunda Salisb. (Lythraceae) also exhibited significant effect against C. albicans (MIC 128 μg/mL), S. aureus (MIC 256 μg/mL) and E. faecalis (MIC 256 μg/mL). Rotheca serrata (L.) Steane & Mabb. (Lamiaceae) leaf extract inhibited the growth of S. aureus (MIC 256 µg/mL) and C. albicans (MIC 256 µg/mL). Discussion and conclusions: The leaf extract of O. aristatus and W. floribunda exhibited a significant anti-candidal effect. Therefore, both of these plants can serve as prospective source materials for the development of new anti-candidal agents.

The Diversity of Plants for Berangas Materials

Betangas as a culture of the Sintang Malay community is a steam bath that has been done for generations. However, the current knowledge about betangas has not been well documented. This study aimed to determine the utilization of plants as a traditional medicine through betangas by the people of Sintang City. This research used structured interview method with respondent determination by snowball sampling. The results of the study identified 10 species used in betangas. Where 4 out of 10 species have been cultivated by the community to support the sustainability of the betangas plant. Keywords: betangas, plant medicine, traditional spa

Indikator Kunci Pemulihan Fungsi Habitat Burung di Lahan Reklamasi dan Revegetasi Pasca Tambang Batubara

The area of reclamation and revegetation in farmer coal mine has one role as bird habitat. The purpose of this study was to determine indicators of the types of bird that can progress successed reclamation and revegetation program in habitat function of fauna. The method used was bird species and bottom vegetation identification I in each habitat type used transect and mistnet. The data was analyzed using multivariate analysis of hDCCA. The results using hDCCA preedicted that the key indicator of bird characteristics that marks the development of succession in the fifth year is the presence of “insectivore bird” type. Bird species were B15 (Lanius schach), B20 (Prinia flaviventris), B23 (Picoides moluccensis), B28 (Pachychepala hypoxantha), B29 (Rhipidura javanica), B30 (Orthotomus ruficeps), B31 (Orthotomus sericeus).

POPULASI, SEBARAN DAN ASOSIASI KEPUH (Sterculia foetida L.) DI KABUPATEN SUMBAWA NUSA TENGGARA BARAT

This study describes the vocal repertoire of forest litter frog Leptobrachium hasseltii from Situgunung Resort, Mount Gede Pangrango National Park. Two types of calls were identified: advertisement call and aggressive call. Each types were represented by two different characteristics thus four types of calls were examined. The kruskall and wallis test was used to test the difference of nine features. Pearson’s correlation test also used to determine the relationship of all call features to air temperature and body size. Dominant frequency of all call types was relatively similar. Advertisement calls type I was emitted in short duration and fewer notes than advertisement call type II. Aggressive call type I and have longer call duration compared to both of advertisement call. However the introductory note of aggressive call type II was more longer than the others. Aggressive call of L. hasseltii tended to be discrete (territorial and encounter) and represented two different continuums. This were caused by the extreme differences of both calls in duration and distance between males when emitting calls. Dominan frequencies of all call types inverse correlated with body size of frogs. Most of temporal features of advertisement call type II correlated with body size and only call duration were longer with increasingly air temperature. Interpulse-interval and pulse period were more longer by increasing the body size, while the introductory note, pulse rate and pulse repetition rate were becoming shortened and it could predict male body size to facilitated competition between males, thus serves as mate selection indicator. Key words: advertisement call, agressif call, Leptobrachium hasseltii, Situgunung resort, social interaction

Analisis Kinerja Kelembagaan Tata Niaga Pasak Bumi (Eurycoma Longifolia Jack) Yang Berkelanjutan Di Kabupaten Kubu Raya Dan Kota Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat

Pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) merupakan salah satu hasil hutan bukan kayu yang aktif diperdagangkan di Kalimantan Barat. Bentuk kelembagaan tata niaga pasak bumi ini mempunyai karakteristik tersendiri sesuai dengan kondisi alam dimana pasak bumi tersebut diusahakan. Adanya hubungan saling ketergantungan antara pemungut dan pedagang perantara melahirkan pemahaman tentang kelembagaan tata niaga pasak bumi. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis bentuk kelembagaan tata niaga pasak bumi. Tujuan khusus penelitian ini adalah : (1) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kelembagaan tata niaga pasak bumi, dan (2) menganalisis keterkaitan karakteristik kelembagaan tata niaga pasak bumi dengan perilaku pemungut dan pedagang pasak bumi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Kubu Raya dan Kota Pontianak, Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Pengumpulan data primer dan sekunder dilakukan dengan observasi dan wawancara mendalam. Analisis data menggunakan kerangka analisis pengembangan institusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk kelembagaan tata niaga pasak bumi adalah patron-klien. Rendahnya aksesibilitas, informasi pasar yang tidak seimbang, keterbatasan modal dan tingginya nilai pasak bumi merupakan faktor-faktor yang menentukan terbentuknya kelembagaan tata niaga. Besarnya margin keuntungan tiap pelaku tidak merata, hasil analisis menunjukkan margin keuntungan terbesar adalah pedagang di kota.

Habitat Preferences, Distribution Pattern, and Root Weight Estimation of Pasak Bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.)

Pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) is one of non timber forest products with “indeterminate” conservation status and commercially traded in West Kalimantan. The research objective was to determine the potential of pasak bumi root per hectare and its ecological condition under natural habitat. Root weight of E. longifolia Jack was estimated using simple linear regression and exponential equation with stem diameter and height as independent variables. The results showed that the individual number of the population was 114 with the majority in seedling stage with 71 individuals (62.28%). The distribution was found in clumped pattern. Conditions of the habitat could o be described as follows: daily average temperature of 25.6 C, daily average relative humidity of 73.6%, light intensity of 0.9 klx, and red-yellow podsolic soil with texture ranged from clay to sandy clay. The selected estimator model for E. longifolia Jack root weight used exponential equation with stem height as independent variable using 0,010 the equation of Y= 21.99T and determination coefficient of 0.97. After height variable was added, the potential of E. longifolia Jack minimum root weight that could be harvested per hectare was 0.33 kg.

Conservation of Rafflesia hasseltii Suringar in Bukit Tiga Puluh National Park, Riau-Jambi

Rqjian terhadap habitat dan penyebaran lokal merak hijau Jawa dilakukan pada bulan Agustus 1994-Pebruari I995 di Taman Nasional Baluran dengan areal kajian yang intensif di Resort Bekol. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengkaji habitat dengan pendekatan analisis vegetasi yang berkaitan dengan fungsi habitat sebagai tempat mencari makan. tempat berteduh, tcmpat bertengger. tempat kawin dan tempat hersarang. Ka.jian terhadap penyebaran lokal merak dilakukan dengan analisis banding dengan pcnelitian yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya. Dari hasil penelitian ini menut~jukkanb ahwa te~npate rbuka yang didominasi rumput dan senlak nierupakan tempat penting untuk mencari pakan dan bertengger serta kelompok beberapa pohon-pohon di sekitar areal terbuka penting sebagai tempat bertengger. Tipe vegetasi yang penting sebagai habitat merak adalah hutan musim yang terdapat spot-spot areal terbuka yang ditumbuhi rerulilputan dan semak, savanna serta ekotone hutan musinl dan savanna. Sebaran lokal nlerak di Resort Bekol lebih terkump~~dil buran musim dan ekotone dari hutan musim dan savanna.