Estela Santos Gusmão

Negative self-perception of smile associated with malocclusions among Brazilian adolescents.

This study estimated the prevalence of negative self-perception of smile because of occlusion abnormalities and investigated their association according to standard clinical criteria. The sample consisted of 1290 randomly selected Brazilian adolescent boys and girls aged 12-16 years. The outcome of interest was dissatisfaction with smile, and data were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Occlusion characteristics were assessed using the dental aesthetic index (DAI). The other study variables were gender, age, and use of dental services. A chi-square test and Poisson multiple regression were used for statistical analysis. Of the 1290 students interviewed and examined, 539 (41.8 per cent) were dissatisfied with their smile; of these, 373 (69.2 per cent) assigned their dissatisfaction to the presence of an occlusal abnormality, and 166 (30.8 per cent) reported reasons other than occlusal abnormalities for their negative self-perception of their smile. In multivariate analysis, the following variables were associated with the outcome of interest: maxillary anterior irregularity [prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.40; 95 per cent confidence interval (CI) = 1.29-1.80], incisal spacing (PR = 1.37; 95 per cent CI = 1.19-1.57), vertical open bite (PR = 1.34; 95 per cent CI = 1.15-1.55), mandibular anterior irregularity (PR = 1.29; 95 per cent CI = 1.14-1.46), permanent anterior teeth missing (PR = 1.21; 95 per cent CI = 1.05-1.39), and incisal diastema (PR = 1.14; 95 per cent CI = 1.01-1.31). The negative self-perception of smile was statistically associated with severity of occlusal disorders according to the DAI scores, which suggests that self-perception should be used together with standard clinical criteria when decisions about orthodontic treatments are made in public health care systems.

Autoavaliação da saúde bucal e fatores associados entre adultos em áreas de assentamento rural, Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil

The aim of this study was to estimate prevalence of negative self-rated oral health and associated factors among adults in rural settlements. The probabilistic sample consisted of 557 adults 20 to 59 years of age in rural settlements in Pernambuco State, Brazil. The dependent variable was self-rated oral health, with the following independent variables: demographic characteristics, predisposition and availability of resources, oral health-related behavior, objective oral health conditions, and subjective oral health conditions. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated using a Poisson regression model. Prevalence of negative self-rated oral health was 70.5%. Negative self-rated oral health was associated with younger age, lower schooling, female gender, and black or brown skin color. Predictors of negative self-rated oral health included skin color, self-defined need for dental care, and the impact of oral health problems on quality of life.O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalencia de autoavaliacao negativa de saude bucal e fatores associados entre adultos em areas de assentamento rural. A amostra probabilistica consistiu de 557 adultos entre 20 a 59 anos em areas de assentamento rural no Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. A variavel dependente foi autoavaliacao da condicao de saude bucal e as independentes foram: caracteristicas demograficas, de predisposicao/disponibilidade de recursos, comportamentos relacionados a saude bucal, condicoes objetivas e subjetivas relacionadas a saude bucal. Foram estimadas as razoes de prevalencia bruta e ajustada por meio de regressao de Poisson. A prevalencia de autopercepcao negativa da saude bucal foi de 70,5%. A autoavaliacao negativa da saude bucal foi mais prevalente em individuos mais jovens, de baixa escolaridade, entre as mulheres, e entre os de cor preta e parda. Os preditores da autoavaliacao negativa da saude bucal foram a cor da pele, a necessidade autorreferida de tratamento odontologico e o impacto das condicoes de saude bucal na qualidade de vida.

Occurrence of periodontal pathogens among patients with chronic periodontitis

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of the periodontal pathogens that form the red complex (Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in patients with chronic periodontitis. The sample consisted of 29 patients with a clinical and radiographic diagnosis of chronic periodontitis based on the criteria of the American Academy of Periodontology (3). Samples for microbiological analysis were collected from the four sites of greatest probing depth in each patient, totaling 116 samples. These samples were processed using conventional polymerase chain reaction, which achieved the following positive results: 46.6% for P. gingivalis, 41.4% for T. forsythia, 33.6% for T. denticola and 27.6% for A. actinomycetemcomitans. P. gingivalis and T. forsythia were more prevalent (p < 0.05) in periodontal pockets ≥ 8 mm. The combinations T. forsythia + P. gingivalis (23.2%) and T. forsythia + P. gingivalis + T. denticola (20.0%) were more frequent in sites with a probing depth ≥ 8 mm. Associations with the simultaneous presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans + P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans + T. forsythia, P. gingivalis + T. forsythia and T. forsythia + T. denticola were statistically significant (p < 0.05). It was concluded that the red complex pathogens are related to chronic periodontitis, presenting a higher occurrence in deep periodontal pockets. Moreover, the simultaneous presence of these bacteria in deep sites suggests a symbiotic relationship between these virulent species, favoring, in this way, a further progression of periodontal disease.

Relação entre dentes mal posicionados e a condição dos tecidos periodontais

OBJECTIVE: To identify malpositioned teeth in patients referred to periodontal treatment in the Brazilian Association of Dentistry, Pernambuco Division and evaluate the association of these irregularities with periodontal health. METHODS: The sample comprised 90 individuals aged 15 to 69 years. First, each participant was examined to identify the types of abnormal tooth positions by means of visual inspection. After that, their periodontal health was assessed according to the following clinical parameters: gingival bleeding on probing, periodontal attachment loss, and probing depth. In bivariate analysis, a chi-square test was used to calculate significance of the associations. RESULTS: Several types of changes in tooth position were detected in the participants, and the most significant were: rotated teeth (86.7%); crowding (52.2%); and mesially tipped molar (48.9%). All participants had periodontal changes associated with these abnormalities: 100% had gingival bleeding; 67.8%, gingival recession; 54.4%, gingival enlargement; and 28.9%, chronic periodontitis. There were significant associations between gingival recession and the variables buccally tipped tooth and excessive proclination of maxillary incisors, and also between chronic periodontitis and mesially tipped molar, crowding, excessive proclination of maxillary and mandibular incisors, and diastema (p<0.05). The need of multidisciplinary treatment was clear in all the cases. CONCLUSIONS: Malpositioned teeth negatively affected the health of periodontal tissues, which draws attention to the importance of a multidisciplinary approach that includes, primarily, periodontal and orthodontic care to improve the oral health of patients.

Non‐surgical treatment of gingival overgrowth induced by nifedipine: a case report on an elderly patient

Drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO) is a significant problem for periodontologists and this side effect is frequently associated with three particular drugs: phenytoin, cyclosporin A and nifedipine. A case report of gingival overgrowth induced by nifedipine in an elderly patient treated with non-surgical periodontal therapy is described. A 75-year-old male with generalised gingival overgrowth reported the problem of oral malodour and significant gingival bleeding. The medical history revealed a controlled hypertensive state and Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA) 3 years prior to consultation. The diagnosis was gingival overgrowth associated with nifedipine, no other risk factors being identified. The patient had been taking nifedipine for 18 months, but after the consultation with the patients doctor, nifedipine was suspended, as the hypertension was controlled. Treatment consisted of meticulous oral hygiene instruction, scaling, root surface instrumentation and prophylaxis. Six months after the first intervention, clinical parameters revealed a significant improvement with a considerable reduction in gingival overgrowth, demonstrating the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy in severe cases of gingival overgrowth. Non-surgical treatment of DIGO is a far less invasive technique than surgical approaches and has demonstrated an impressively positive treatment response. It should therefore be considered as a first treatment option for DIGO.

Fatores Relacionados ao Impacto das Condições de Saúde Bucal na Vida Diária de Idosos, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil

Resumen pt: Objetivo: Avaliar os fatores associados ao impacto das condicoes de saude bucal na vida diaria de idosos assistidos pela Secretaria Municipal de Assisten...

INFLUÊNCIA DA PRESENÇA DO CÁLCIO EM AGENTES CLAREADORES E SUA RELAÇÃO COM A MICRODUREZA DO ESMALTE DENTAL HUMANO

Objective: This study examined the microhardness of tooth enamel exposed to the bleaching agent hydrogen peroxide 35%, with or without calcium in its composition in order to ascertain whether the addition of this substance influences the change in microhardness. Material and methods: The samples were composed of ten intact human third molars, of which three fragments were obtained, so that each fragment from the same tooth was part of a different group. Group B consisted of ten samples, bleached with hydrogen peroxide 35% containing calcium. Group M consisted of ten samples, bleached with hydrogen peroxide at 35% without calcium, and group C (control) consisted of ten samples immersed in artificial saliva. The microhardness was evaluated before the treatment and after three sessions with an interval of seven days between them. Results: In Group B there was an increase of 5.47% in microhardness, considered significant, assigned to the presence of calcium in the bleaching agent. There was a reduction of 2.59% and 0.64% in groups M and C respectively, both considered nonsignificant. Conclusion: It was concluded that the presence of calcium in the whitening gel increases the microhardness of the bleached enamel, providing a remineralization of this substrate.

Condição Periodontal e Marcadores do Controle Metabólico em Pacientes Diabéticos

Resumen pt: Objetivo: Avaliar a condicao periodontal dos pacientes diabeticos tipo 2, relacionando com o controle de marcadores metabolicos. Metodo: Para este estudo...

Effect of periodontal disease on the bond strength of fiber post cemented with different adhesive systems and resin luting agents

The objective of the present study was to determine the effect periodontal disease on the bond strength of fiberglass posts, different adhesive systems and resin cements. Ninety human maxillary central incisors roots extracted due to periodontal disease or prosthetic reasons were endodontically treated and divided into six experimental groups: NPD-ARC – no periodontal disease/RelyX ARC and Adper Single Bond 2; NPD-PF – no periodontal disease/Panavia F and ED Primer; NPD-U – no periodontal disease/RelyX U100; PD-ARC – periodontal disease/RelyX ARC and Adper Single Bond 2; PD-PF – periodontal disease/Panavia F and ED Primer; and PD-U – periodontal disease/RelyX U100. Specimens were subjected to push-out test and data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p = 0.05). The periodontal disease groups showed that the Panavia F/ED Primer group presented no significantly higher mean values compared with RelyX U100, and that both presented significantly higher mean values when compared with RelyX ARC/Single Bond 2 group. These results were also observed in roots with no periodontal disease. There were no differences in bond strength mean values of roots related or not to periodontal disease.

INFLUÊNCIA DO POLIMENTO SUPERFICIAL NA RETENÇÃO DE PLACA BACTERIANA EM RESTAURAÇÕES ESTÉTICAS

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of superficial finishing and polishing procedures on bacterial plaque retention of composite resin restorations. Material and Methods: Twenty patients participated in the study presenting forty restored surfaces in various classifications of cavities, cervical edges and types of teeth. The finishing and polishing procedures were performed with polishing discs (TDV), silicone points (Optimize – TDV) and strips polishing (3M). To verify plaque retention was used Index Retention and Extension Plaque in Restoration – IRPR, applied before polishing and after 7 and 14 days. Results: The results showed that, before polishing, most of surfaces presented plaque retention on highest levels of IRPR, and after polishing there was reduction and also absence of plaque retention, demonstrated by the lowest levels of IRPR. Conclusion: It was concluded that the polishing materials and the technique used were effective in reducing bacterial plaque retention over restored surfaces, and that IRPR is an efficient method to demonstrate the plaque retention on esthetic restoration.