Eugenia Troncoso Leone

Diferenças de rendimento do trabalho de homens e mulheres com educação superior nas metrópoles

This article presents an analysis of the difference in income between working men and women with college degrees in the various metropolitan regions in Brazil. The study is based on two factors: a) although the difference between mens and womens incomes has fallen over the last decade, they are nevertheless still considerable, and are part of the context of enormous variations in income, where the differences in schooling carry considerable weight. In this respect, college-educated persons earn considerably more, and the difference between such incomes and those earned by persons with lower educational levels have become even greater over the last decade; b) the greatest differences in income between men and women are found among persons with college degrees, which is exactly the bracket where women show the greatest presence. This article analyzes the changes that occurred during the 1990s and the levels and dispersion of incomes of working persons, and shows differences according to gender, educational level and position in the occupation. The article also refers to a specific study, regarding the year 2004, on the differences in income between men and women with college degrees, according to position in the occupation and sector of activity. The type of occupation is also considered (managers in general, professionals in the arts and sciences, high-school level technicians, workers in administrative services, and other occupations) are similar to the hierarchy of positions. The source of data is the National Household Survey by Sample (PNAD/IBGE).

Mudanças na composição das famílias e impactos sobre a redução da pobreza no Brasil

Changes in the family structure and impacts on the poverty reduction in Brazil - The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the association among observed changes in the family structure and the poverty condition in Brazil between 1981 and 2006. It will be highlighted: a) changes in the family structure; b) reduction of the average number of persons in the family; and c) higher participation of family members in the labor market, over all the women. The main hypothesis is that observed changes in the family structure has played an important role reducing the poverty indices in Brazil. To reach such purpose, this paper has been divided in four main parts: i) analysis of the economic context in the last 26 years and labor market trends; ii) changes observed in the family structure in this period; iii) association between family structure and poverty; iv) impacts of changes in the family structure over the poverty indices.

Perspectivas para o mercado de trabalho após o crescimento com inclusão social

O atual quadro economico de queda no PIB, com inflacao de 10% ao ano, ameaca o nivel de emprego e o poder de compra da renda do trabalho. No acompanhamento da evolucao do emprego e da renda do trabalho sera importante levar em conta o que aconteceu em 2003-2013 para avaliar as particularidades de uma eventual reversao dos avancos obtidos no mercado de trabalho, com o recente crescimento com inclusao social. Nesse contexto, este artigo mostra as mudancas que ocorreram no mercado de trabalho do pais, com dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicilios (PNAD) para 2004 e 2013. A analise comeca pelo desempenho da economia e a condicao de atividade da populacao. Em seguida destaca as principais mudancas na estrutura ocupacional e nos rendimentos com enfase no emprego em estabelecimento.